超重力场反应连接制备TiB_2-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti和TiB_2-TiC/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料

以1Cr18Ni9Ti、Ti-6Al-4V为金属基底,通过在B4C+Ti体系中引入CrO_3+Al铝热剂,调整反应体系绝热温度依次为3 193、3 282、3 290及3 473K,采用超重力场反应连接制备TiB_2-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti和TiB_2-TiC/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料,发现随着反应绝热温度升高,陶瓷/金属界面区厚度不仅因金属熔深增加而增大,并且残存于界面上的Al_2O_3夹杂也随之增多。分别对B4C+Al体系与CrO_3+Al铝热剂进行配制、球磨活化、压制成坯并依次填料入坩埚后,发现残存于界面上的Al_2O_3夹杂完全消除,同时发现在TiB_2-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti界面上生成三维网络陶瓷/金属梯度复合结构,而在TiB_2-TiC/Ti-6Al-4V界面上形成跨尺度多层次梯度复合结构。     

表面处理对n-GaN上无合金化Ti/Al欧姆接触的作用

本文研究了表面处理对n-GaN上无合金化的Ti/Al电极起的作用,比较了(NH4)2Sx和CH3CSNH2两种不同的表面处理方法.在用CH3CSHN2/NH4OH溶液处理过的样品上制作的无合金化的Ti/Al电极,可得到较低的(4.85～5.65)×10-4Ω·cm2的接触电阻率,而且材料的发光特性也有明显提高.     

响应曲面法优化超音速等离子喷涂Al2O3-40%TiO2涂层工艺

为获得低孔隙率的Al2O3-40%TiO2(AT40)涂层,采用响应曲面法(RSM)优化超音速等离子喷涂AT40涂层的工艺参数,利用Box-Behnken(BBD)设计分析送粉量、喷涂功率、氩气流量、氢气流量4个主要因素对涂层截面孔隙率的影响规律,利用Design Expert软件设计试验方案,统计分析试验数据,并得到二次多元回归模型.研究表明,在本试验条件下,4种因素对孔隙率影响顺序依次为氩气流量氢气流量喷涂功率送粉量,最优工艺参数为送粉量30 g/min,喷涂功率51.4 kW,氩气流量3.0 m3/h,氢气流量0.45 m3/h,试验测得此时涂层孔隙率为2.74%.     

激光重熔锌铝基陶瓷复合层的组织与性能

采用金相显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计以及微动磨损机研究了激光重熔等离子喷涂锌铝基Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构、硬度及其耐磨性能.研究结果表明:等离子喷涂层由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3组成,层间为机械结合界面;经激光重熔后的组织为单一的体心四方结构的δ-Al2O3相,其点阵常数a0=7.943×10-8cm,c0=23.500×10-8cm,Al2O3与基体间的界面结合状况得到明显改善;熔覆后的Al2O3涂层硬度达150～170 HV100g,耐磨性能(S=L 988)比基体材料(S=2.837)有较大提高,其磨损机制是疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损,但以磨粒磨损为主.     

AZ31镁合金表面纳米Al2O3涂层的耐蚀耐磨性能研究

在AZ31表面磁控溅射单层纳米Al2O3涂层,用FESEM、TEM、XRD等分析涂层的形貌和结构,用电化学工作站和摩擦磨损实验研究了涂层的耐蚀和耐磨性能。结果表明,磁控溅射获得了界面结合良好的单层致密的纳米Al2O3陶瓷涂层,在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中腐蚀电位从-1.812V提高到了-1.298V,电流密度从2.009×10-4 A/cm2下降到了6.792×10-6 A/cm2;摩擦系数从0.21下降到了0.15,磨痕从841窄化为400μm。综上所述,磁控溅射单层纳米Al2O3涂层显著地改善了镁合金的耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能。     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对钽涂层滑动摩擦性能的影响

目前,用等离子喷涂工艺制备钽涂层及对其摩擦性能的研究报道很少。采用等离子喷涂制备钽涂层,并研究了涂层的滑动摩擦性能,探讨了喷涂功率、喷涂距离和送粉速率对喷涂过程中钽粉温度和速度的影响,采用SEM分析了涂层的典型组织结构,用球盘型摩擦磨损试验机测试了室温、无润滑条件下涂层的滑动摩擦性能。结果表明,喷涂功率、喷涂距离和送粉速率对钽飞行粒子的温度和速度都有较大的影响,等离子喷涂优化参数为喷涂功率36kW、喷涂距离150mm、送粉速率45g/min时,钽涂层的组织致密、耐磨性好,密度和硬度分别为15.2g/cm3,759HV,涂层的抗拉强度超过40MPa;涂层的滑动摩擦失效行为主要表现为疲劳剥落,在试验范围内,各种喷涂工艺参数获得的涂层滑动摩擦系数相近。     

多壁碳纳米管对钛基二氧化铅电极电化学性能的影响

为提高钛基二氧化铅电极的电化学性能,利用直流电沉积法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)掺杂改性的电积锌用钛基二氧化铅复合阳极材料。通过XRD、SEM等测试方法,研究了不同多壁碳纳米管添加量对电极活性层的物相组成、微观形貌的影响规律。结果显示:掺杂MWCNTs后,在与PbO_2共沉积过程中会阻碍PbO_2的连续生长,使PbO_2晶体细化,同时MWCNTs的引入使得PbO_2晶体在(301)晶面发生了明显的择优生长。电化学测试表明,与纯Ti/β-PbO_2电极材料相比,Ti/β-PbO_2/CNTs电极材料具有更好的电化学性能,当MWCNTs的添加量为3.0g/L时,电极的析氧过电位为1.566 V,降低了0.054 V;自腐蚀电流密度为5.225×10-6A/cm2,降低了8.095×10-6A/cm2,电极的电催化活性和耐腐蚀性能得到改善。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-40%TiO_2陶瓷复合层的微观结构及耐磨性能

为了探讨不同功率下6063铝合金表面等离子喷涂Al2O3-40%TiO2陶瓷复合层的形貌、组构及其耐磨性能,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机进行了相关研究。结果表明:微米级Al2O3-40%TiO2粉末经过等离子喷涂可以获得弥散分布的纳米级颗粒的陶瓷复合涂层,涂层硬度在1 000 HV以上;当喷涂功率为25～33 kW时,涂层硬度和耐磨性能随喷涂功率的升高而降低。     

CNTs-SiC/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的制备及其性能

采用微弧等离子喷涂技术制备了CNTs-SiC/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层,借助SEM、X射线衍射、仪热分析仪和网络分析仪对CNTs-SiC/Al2O3-TiO2涂层的组织结构、高温氧化性能、电磁特性进行了测试分析.结果表明:多功能微弧等离子喷涂枪内中心轴向送粉方式制备的CNTs-SiC/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的组织结构致密、孔隙率低,SiC和CNTs的物相也保留下来.CNTs-SiC/Al2O3-TiO2涂层的高温氧化性能有所提高,涂层在35～700℃升温阶段失重率为0.71wt%,700℃恒温氧化60min后失重率为0.41wt%.随着频率的增加,CNTs-SiC/Al2O3-TiO2复合粉末的介电常数的实部从17.3下降到10.3,而虚部在6.3～2.9之间,具有频散效应.制备的CNTs-SiC/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层在一定的范围内随着涂层厚度的增加,吸波能力显著提高,其谐振频率不断向低频移动.     

PEO-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3复合聚合物电解质的制备与电导率研究

将实验室制备的两种烧结型的Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3盐与PEO/LiClO4复合,制得了PEO-LiClO4-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3复合聚合物电解质,测量了298～373K温度范围内的阻抗,得出这种体系的复合聚合物电解质的离子电导率在室温最高值为1.387×10-5S/cm,在373K时可达到1.378×10-3S/cm.     

Fabrication of (TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a controlled laminated architecture and enhanced mechanical properties

The(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a laminated structure composing of alternating TiB/Ti composite layers,α₂-Ti₃Al interfacial reaction layers of andγ-TiAl layers were successfully pre pared by spark plasma sintering of alternately stacked Tib₂/Ti powder layers and TiAl powder layers.And the influence of thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the re sulting(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were investigated systemically.The results showed that the thickening ofα₂-Ti₃Al layers which originated from the reaction of Ti and TiAl was significantly hindered by introducing Tib₂particles into starting Ti powders.As the thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers increased,the bending fracture strength and fracture toughness at room temperature of the final(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were remarkably improved,especially for the(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites prepared by Tib₂/Ti powder layers with thickness of 800μm and TiAl powder layers with thickness of 400μm,whose fracture toughness and bending strength were up to 51.2 MPa·m^1/2and 1456 MPa,respectively,293%and 108%higher than that of the monolithic TiAl alloys in the present work.This was attributed to the addition of high-performance network TiB/Ti composite layers.Moreover,it was noteworthy that the ultimate tensile strength at 700℃of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites fabricated by 400μm thick Tib₂/Ti powder layers and 400μm thick TiAl powder layers was as high as that at 550℃of network TiB/Ti composites.This means the service temperature of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was likely raised by 150℃,meanwhile a good combination of high strength and high toughness at ambient tempe rature could be maintained.Finally,the fracture mechanism of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was proposed.     

Ti-Al球磨粉反应等离子喷涂涂层的组织与性能

为制备Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层并研究其性能,以机械球磨的Ti-Al混合粉在Q235钢表面进行反应等离子喷涂实验,分别采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对涂层的成分、显微组织进行了分析,并测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:涂层由Al3Ti、TiN、Al2O3、少量TiAl与Ti3Al、以及残留的Al和Ti组成;球磨可促进喷涂时的反应,但喷涂时Al和Ti仍未完全反应,且在空气环境中喷涂容易氧化和氮化;涂层与基体之间是镶嵌式的机械结合,结合强度平均为30.24 MPa;涂层表面的显微硬度平均为206.1 HV,涂层的耐腐蚀性优于基体.总体上看,当球磨时间较长、电流较大、喷涂距离较大、气流量较小时,喷涂时的反应较充分,且涂层比较均匀、致密,其强度、硬度以及耐腐蚀性能较高.     

长径比对TiB/Ti6Al4V网状复合材料力学行为的影响

目的 针对高性能钛基复合材料开发过程中所面临的强韧性倒置问题,对网状构型钛基复合材料拉伸行为进行仿真,以揭示增强体长径比对材料强度与韧性的影响机理。方法 针对TiB/Ti6Al4V网状构型复合材料体系,构建增强相长径比不同的复合材料有限元模型,分别进行拉伸行为仿真,并对其应力-应变曲线、应力集中系数、应力云图和应变云图等进行预测与分析。结果 随着增强相TiB长径比的增大,复合材料的断裂伸长率单调递增,弹性模量与抗拉强度则呈先下降后上升的趋势。结论 增强相长径比是影响复合材料力学性能的重要参数。增强相的长径比和局部体积分数的共同作用导致复合材料模量和强度随长径比的增大先降低后升高。此外,随着TiB长径比的增大,断口更加曲折,主裂纹多次偏转扩展方向,并沿着TiBw/Ti6Al4V-Ti6Al4V“限域”界面扩展,进而消耗了大量的体系能量,这对材料韧化有积极影响。     

A novel Ti cored wire developed for wire-feed arc deposition of TiB/Ti composite coating

A novel Ti cored wire containing TiB2,Al60V40 and Ti6Al4V mixed powders was developed for wire-feed arc deposition of TiB/Ti composite coating,to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of Ti alloy.Results showed that after experiencing several chemical reactions,the wire was melted in the arc zone and turned into nonuniform droplets composed of Ti-Al-V-B melt and undecomposed TiB2 particles.With the increase of welding current,the detachment time of droplet shortened while the transfer frequency accelerated,accompanied by the improvement in coating surface quality.The spatial distribution of TiB whiskers in coating was governed by welding current.A uniform distribution could be achieved as welding current was sufficient at the expense of elevated dilution ratio,while increasing wire feeding speed could compensate the dilution loss of TiB whisker to some extent.The decomposition process of TiB2 particles and the microstructure evolution mechanism of coating was discussed in detail.The optimum coating possessed uniform microstructure,relatively low dilution ratio,and high hardness(639.1 HV0.5)as compared with Ti6Al4V substrate(326 HV0.5).Indentation morphology analysis verified the excellent performance was ascribed to the load-sharing strengthening of TiB whiskers.This study provides a high-efficiency fabrication method for the ever-developing titanium matrix composites(TMCs)coating.     

Formation of high heat resistant coatings by using gas tunnel type plasma spraying

Zirconia sprayed coatings are widely used as thermal barrier coatings (TBC) for high temperature protection of metallic structures. However, their use in diesel engine combustion chamber components has the long run durability problems, such as the spallation at the interface between the coating and substrate due to the interface oxidation. Although zirconia coatings have been used in many applications, the interface spallation problem is still waiting to be solved under the critical conditions such as high temperature and high corrosion environment. The gas tunnel type plasma spraying developed by the author can make high quality ceramic coatings such as Al2O3 and ZrO2 coating compared to other plasma spraying method. A high hardness ceramic coating such as Al2O3 coating by the gas tunnel type plasma spraying, were investigated in the previous study. The Vickers hardness of the zirconia (ZrO2) coating increased with decreasing spraying distance, and a higher Vickers hardness of about Hv = 1200 could be obtained at a shorter spraying distance of L = 30 mm. ZrO2 coating formed has a high hardness layer at the surface side, which shows the graded functionality of hardness. In this study, ZrO2 composite coatings (TBCs) with Al2O3 were deposited on SS304 substrates by gas tunnel type plasma spraying. The performance such as the mechanical properties, thermal behavior and high temperature oxidation resistance of the functionally graded TBCs was investigated and discussed. The resultant coating samples with different spraying powders and thickness are compared in their corrosion resistance with coating thickness as variables. Corrosion potential was measured and analyzed corresponding to the microstructure of the coatings. Keywords: High Heat Resistant Coatings, Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying, Hardness,     

A novel spark plasma sintering route to process high-strength Ti–4Al–2Fe/TiB nano-composite

Ti–4Al–2Fe alloy and Ti–4Al–2Fe/TiB nano-composite were processed by a novel spark plasma sintering route. KBF4 was used as an alternative and inexpensive boron precursor to form TiB reinforcement in situ during sintering. Fe was used as an alternative to vanadium to make the (α?+?β) Ti matrix. The processed Ti–4Al–2Fe alloy exhibited excellent mechanical properties (CS?=?1798 MPa). The TiB whiskers were distributed homogeneously and were fine (widths 130?nm and lengths from 100?nm to 3?µm). No residual TiB2 was found in the composite, in contrast with other methods. The TiB homogenised and refined the microstructure, while the hardness (710?HV), compressive strength (2414?MPa) and elastic modulus (140?GPa) all increased significantly when compared to the unreinforced alloy.     

微弧氧化及包埋渗铝法制备的复合涂层高温抗蚀性能

采用包埋渗铝技术在C103铌合金基体上制备Al/C103,通过微弧氧化(MAO)处理获得Al_2O_3陶瓷膜外层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM),分析复合涂层高温腐蚀前后的成分和组织结构,并研究其高温氧化和热腐蚀行为与机理。结果表明:包埋渗铝处理的Al/C103经1000℃氧化10h后增重为6.98mg/cm^2,微弧氧化结合包埋渗铝制备的MAO/Al/C103增重为2.89mg/cm^2;氧化20h后,MAO/Al/C103增重为57.52mg/cm^2,高于Al/C103的28.08mg/cm^2。在900℃熔融混合盐(75%Na2SO4和25%NaCl,质量分数)中腐蚀50h后,Al/C103和MAO/Al/C103的增重分别为70.54,55.71mg/cm^2,表面生成了Al_2O_3和钙钛矿结构NaNbO3相;部分NaNbO3堵塞MAO微孔,阻碍熔盐向内扩散,MAO/Al/C103试样表现出较优的抗热腐蚀性。     

黄铜表面复合纳米硅烷膜的制备及其耐蚀性能

目前对黄铜表面处理时采用复合纳米硅烷膜技术的研究报道不多。在黄铜表面采用浸涂技术制备γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷膜,运用电化学方法研究复合纳米硅烷膜在3.50%氯化钠溶液中的耐蚀性,并用SEM表征复合纳米硅烷膜黄铜腐蚀前后的形貌。结果表明:添加纳米材料复合纳米硅烷膜的黄铜在3.50%的氯化钠溶液中具有很强的耐蚀性,其自腐蚀电流密度下降至3.576×10~(-9)A/cm~2,自腐蚀电位正移。添加纳米材料的复合纳米硅烷膜在腐蚀前后的形貌基本不变,耐蚀性明显优于未添加纳米材料的纯硅烷膜。     

Effect of in situ synthesized TiB whisker on microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon–carbon composite and TiBw/Ti–6Al–4V composite joint

Carbon–carbon composite (C–C composite) and TiB whiskers reinforced Ti–6Al–4V composite (TiB_w/Ti–6Al–4V composite) were brazed by Cu–Ni + TiB₂ composite filler. TiB₂ powders have reacted with Ti which diffused from TiB_w/Ti–6Al–4V composite, leading to formation of TiB whiskers in the brazing layer. The effects of TiB₂ addition, brazing temperature, and holding time on microstructure and shear strength of the brazed joints were investigated. The results indicate that in situ synthesized TiB whiskers uniformly distributed in the joints, which not only provided reinforcing effects, but also lowered residual thermal stress of the joints. As for each brazing temperature or holding time, the joint shear strength brazed with Cu–Ni alloy was lower than that of the joints brazed with Cu–Ni + TiB₂ alloy powder. The maximum shear strengths of the joints brazed with Cu–Ni + TiB₂ alloy powder was 18.5 MPa with the brazing temperature of 1223 K for 10 min, which was 56% higher than that of the joints brazed with Cu–Ni alloy powder.