金属材料在铝液中腐蚀行为的研究

为获得铝液腐蚀工况下金属材料的选用原则,运用静态铝液浸没腐蚀试验,研究了QT350、HT300、H13、Cr13、Ta、Mo在铝液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:所选金属材料在试验条件下均与铝液反应生成金属间化合物层;所选金属材料在铝液中的平均腐蚀深度由高到低依次为QT350、H13、Cr13、HT300、Ta、Mo,难熔金属Ta、Mo具有优异的耐铝液腐蚀性能;QT350、HT300、H13、Cr13腐蚀后表面形成大量点状蚀坑,其在铝液中的腐蚀为非均匀腐蚀;Ta、Mo腐蚀后表面平整,其在铝液中的腐蚀为均匀腐蚀.     

Ni,Mo和Cu添加对13Cr不锈钢组织和抗CO2腐蚀性能的影响

采用正交实验法,通过等离子电弧炉制备添加不同含量Ni,Mo和Cu元素的13Cr不锈钢,研究合金的微观组织、结构特征以及饱和CO2油田采出液中的腐蚀电化学和高温高压浸泡腐蚀行为。结果表明:合金组织主要为马氏体和铁素体,随Ni,Mo和Cu含量不同而变化;Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金中马氏体含量较高,硬度达到296.48HV1.0;所有合金均呈现出明显钝化特征,Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金具有最低的维钝电流密度2.99×10-6A.cm-2和最高的点蚀电位0.35V(SCE),钝化稳定性最高;制备合金在高温高压下的浸泡腐蚀速率为0.041～0.053mm/a,低于0.076mm/a;Ni,Mo和Cu元素加入提高了合金的自腐蚀电位,降低了腐蚀倾向,其中Cu对于改善合金耐蚀性能作用最为突出。     

Ni,Mo和Cu添加对13Cr不锈钢组织和抗CO_2腐蚀性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用正交实验法,通过等离子电弧炉制备添加不同含量Ni,Mo和Cu元素的13Cr不锈钢,研究合金的微观组织、结构特征以及饱和CO2油田采出液中的腐蚀电化学和高温高压浸泡腐蚀行为。结果表明:合金组织主要为马氏体和铁素体,随Ni,Mo和Cu含量不同而变化;Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金中马氏体含量较高,硬度达到296.48HV1.0;所有合金均呈现出明显钝化特征,Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金具有最低的维钝电流密度2.99×10-6A.cm-2和最高的点蚀电位0.35V(SCE),钝化稳定性最高;制备合金在高温高压下的浸泡腐蚀速率为0.041～0.053mm/a,低于0.076mm/a;Ni,Mo和Cu元素加入提高了合金的自腐蚀电位,降低了腐蚀倾向,其中Cu对于改善合金耐蚀性能作用最为突出。     

锌液对Fe-Al-B合金的腐蚀行为

针对当前热镀锌行业亟待解决的液态锌腐蚀问题,研究了新型耐熔锌腐蚀B合金在液态锌中的腐蚀行为,利用)察了腐蚀界面,并对腐蚀产物进行了能谱分析,初步探讨了Fe-Al-B合金在锌液中的腐蚀机制.结果表明,合金在锌液中的腐蚀是一个反应扩散和溶解的过程,开始时锌原子扩散很快,经过一段时间,在基体与锌液之间形成过渡层,扩散速度将大大减慢.加入Ti元素细化晶粒的Fe-Al-B合金,以其独特的耐液态锌腐蚀的网格状Fe-B共晶组织,阻碍了锌原子在合金基体中的扩散,使合金具有良好的耐蚀性能.     

新型铝锂合金的微观组织及其在局部腐蚀中的作用

新型铝锂合金由于其低密度、高比强度、高比刚度、高弹性模量、高损伤容限等优良性能日益广泛地应用于航空航天领域。然而,由于特殊的微观组织以及锂元素极高的化学活性,新型铝锂合金容易发生局部腐蚀,严重影响合金构件的使用寿命和安全可靠性。对新型铝锂合金的微观组织及其在合金腐蚀过程中的作用研究进展进行了综述,以期为新型铝锂合金的研究与应用提供一定参考。     

高硼中碳合金工具钢的铸态组织

针对普通高速钢含有大量贵重合金元素的缺陷,设计了一种用廉价的硼元素部分取代普通高速钢中价格昂贵的铬、钨、钼、钒等合金元素的新型耐磨材料。借助光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等手段对高硼中碳合金工具钢的铸态组织进行了分析。结果表明:高硼中碳合金工具钢铸态组织由马氏体、少量残留奥氏体及Fe2B,Fe3(B,C),Fe23(B,C)6,Cr7(B,C)3和(W,Mo)2(B,C)等共晶硼碳化合物或硼化物组成。其基体和共晶硬质相的显微硬度分别为540～620HV和1180～1520HV,铸态宏观硬度达到55HRC。     

渗铝钢在Na2SO4V2O5熔盐体系中的热腐蚀行为

以往对渗铝钢耐热腐蚀性能的研究缺乏深度,为解决实际问题,在750 ℃模拟灰垢熔盐体系中,研究了加热炉辐射室炉管常用材料20G钢、20G渗铝钢、Cr5Mo钢、Cr5Mo渗铝钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:20G钢、Cr5Mo钢、20G渗铝钢和Cr5Mo渗铝钢抗熔灰腐蚀能力依次增强;渗铝可以大大提高合金的耐熔灰腐蚀性能,在纯空气中氧化,其耐蚀性能也十分优异;20G渗铝钢在熔灰腐蚀时元素Al优先氧化并不十分明显,Cr5Mo渗铝钢在熔灰腐蚀时元素Al优先氧化;按照电化学模型,在熔灰腐蚀中V-2O-5不但会溶解金属氧化物的保护层,而且还参与阴极过程,循环反应,加速了金属的氧化腐蚀.     

硼对铜合金组织和性能的影响

研究了加硼铜合金的组织以及力学、腐蚀、腐蚀磨损和冲蚀性能。结果表明：硼能明显细化铜合金的组织，提高其强度、硬度，改善其耐蚀、耐腐蚀磨损及耐冲蚀能力；并确定硼在铜合金中的最佳含量范围。     

两种NiAl基合金在酸腐蚀工况下的磨损特性

研究了Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr-x(0,1)B合金在5%H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀磨损特性,结果表明:在酸腐蚀工况下Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr-1B合金的耐蚀性能优于Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr合金,易钝化成膜,静置腐蚀速率为0.007 mg/(cm2·h1),钝化电流密度为0.299(m A·cm-2),自然腐蚀电位为-0.213 V,表现出良好的耐酸腐蚀性能及稳定性。物质膜完整地覆盖在Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr-1B合金的磨损表面,抑制了腐蚀对磨损的加速作用,Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr-1B合金比Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr合金的腐蚀磨损率减小了2-8倍。Ni Al-7.5Cr-2.5Ta-1B合金的磨蚀,受控于腐蚀磨损和完整的物质膜的保护作用。Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr合金的磨蚀机制,受控于腐蚀磨损和磨粒磨损。     

热处理对新型Ni-Fe基高温合金烟灰/气腐蚀行为的影响

以针对700℃超超临界燃煤锅炉用高温耐热材料而开发的一种新型Ni-Fe基合金为研究对象,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法分析合金组织结构、腐蚀产物形貌、元素分布和腐蚀产物物相,研究两种热处理制度对合金在模拟锅炉烟灰/气环境中高温腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,750℃腐蚀500 h后,两种热处理试样表面氧化膜结构完整,腐蚀产物基本一致,主要为富Fe、Cr氧化物,另有少量Al2O3、Ti O2及Ti、Mo的内硫化腐蚀产物,但截面腐蚀形貌差异较大。由不同热处理造成的合金组织结构的变化影响了合金的腐蚀速率,腐蚀前400 h内,1#试样氧化膜较厚,腐蚀增重较大,400 h后,沿晶界内腐蚀现象的加剧导致2#试样的腐蚀增重曲线与1#趋于一致。     

Enamel coating for protection of the 316 stainless steel against tribo-corrosion in molten zinc alloy at 460℃

Hot-dip galvanizing provides excellent corrosion and wear resistance for steels.However,the equipment itself,such as the steel roller,immerged in corrosive molten zinc suffers serious material loss during steel's production.Its protection has become the main technique problem in modern galvanizing line.In this study,an enamel coating was designed and prepared.Its tribo-corrosion in molten zinc alloy(Zn-0.2 wt%Al)at 460℃was investigated in comparison with the traditional WC-12 Co composite coating and the 316 stainless steel.Results indicate that the steel suffers serious material damage.Various corrosion products of Fe₂ Al₅ Znx form at the worn surface and the wear scar has reached 200μm deep after merely 5 h tribo-corrosion.Though the two coatings provide an improved tribo-corrosion resistance,for the WC-12 Co coating,its chemical reaction with the molten zinc increases brittleness and promotes cracking.The synergistic wear and corrosion cause its degradation.The enamel coating performs better during tribo-corrosion.It is chemically stable in molten zinc thus able to provide high corrosion resistance.In addition,the amorphous[Si04]network and the self-lubricating CaF₂ crystallite help it to build up an intact amorphous glaze layer readily at surface on sliding,leading to a reduced wear loss.During the whole tribo-corrosion process,the enamel coating is completely free of cracking,and the Zn penetration is inhibited.     

Ti3AlC2-Al2O3/TiAl3复合材料在Al液中的熔蚀-磨损行为及其交互作用机制

通过对比分析Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料在纯腐蚀、纯磨损及熔蚀-磨损三种条件下的材料流失特征,研究了Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料在Al液中的熔蚀-磨损行为及熔蚀与磨损的交互作用机制。结果表明,Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料在Al液中的熔蚀-磨损体积损失比H13钢的体积损失低了两个数量级,随着载荷和转速的上升,Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料的磨损由磨粒磨损逐渐向黏着磨损转变。Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料的熔蚀、磨损交互作用率的最大值为47.5%,在低载荷或低转速条件下由于铝熔体的润滑作用,Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料甚至表现出负的交互作用。这一方面是由于Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料在Al液中腐蚀时不生成其它界面产物,而仅为极少量Ti元素的溶解;另一方面则是由于TiAl₃基体与Al₂O₃二者所形成的空间网络状结构改善了Ti₃AlC₂-Al₂O₃/TiAl₃复合材料在Al液中的耐磨损性能。      

硼钛低合金铸铁的试验研究

本文研究了硼钛对灰铸铁机械性能和耐磨性能的影响。实验发现：灰铸铁中加入适量的硼钛合金后．既可提高耐磨性能，又可提高强度指标。     

浸入式水口MgAlON质内衬材料的抗Al2O3附着性研究

浸入式水口在连铸过程中，特别是多炉连铸铝镇静钢时，由于Al2O3在水口内壁附着引起堵塞问题。研究了无碳无二氧化硅的MgAlON质耐火材料，考察了MgAlON—Al2TiO5、MgAlON—BN、Al2O3-C、CaO-ZrO2-C材料的抗Al2O3附着性。结果表明，MgAlON-AT复合材料的抗舢203附着性和抗钢水侵蚀性均优于其它材料．     

QPQ盐浴复合处理技术对3Cr2W8V钢组织和性能的影响

QPQ盐浴复合处理是一种新的金属盐浴表面强化改性技术,将QPQ技术应用干3Cr2W8V钢,利用OM、SEM、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、高温摩擦磨损试验机和电化学工作站分别对QPQ渗层的显微组织、化学成分、显微硬度,物相,耐磨性和耐蚀性进行了分析研究.结果表明,QPQ渗层表面平整,当盐浴氮碳共渗时间一定时,随着氮碳共渗盐...     

Elektronenstrahl‐Randschichtbehandlung für die Herstellung verschleißbeständiger Auftragschichten auf nichtrostenden Stählen

Stainless steel components exposed to mechanical stresses are subjected not only to corrosion, but to abrasive wear. There are several possibilities for enhancing the wear resistance of stainless steels; however, such processes are very often associated with a reduction in corrosion resistance. This paper presents an electron beam surface treatment technology to significantly improve the wear resistance of austenitic steels (e.g. X6CrNiMoTi17‐12‐2) and duplex steels (e.g. X2CrNiMoN22‐5‐3), without a negative influence on the corrosion behavior. Fe‐ and Co‐additive wires were deposited thermally by electron beam cladding. The cladding layers produced were free of defects such as cracks and pores, and were well metallurgical bonded to the base materials. Microstructural analysis, hardness measurements, wear tests and corrosion tests were carried out. The wear rate k was reduced by a factor of 100 compared to the base materials for electron beam cladding with Fe‐based wire and by a factor of 10 with Co‐based wire. Corrosion resistance was preserved for the Fe‐based cladding layers and slightly increased (by a factor of 3) for the Co‐based cladding layers.     

Boron Alloying and Laser Treatment to Improve Corrosion and Hydrogen Resistance of 25G Steel

25G steel extensively used in agriculture degrades under the synergistic influence of wear and corrosion and/or wear and hydrogen embrittlement. As a result of alloying of this steel with boron to 0.003%, its resistance to general and pitting corrosion in media containing Cl⁻ improves, the rate of penetration of hydrogen decreases, and the resistance to hydrogen-assisted irreversible degradation increases. The procedure of laser quenching promotes the subsequent improvement of corrosion resistance and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. We discuss the positive influence of changes in the electrochemical parameters and microstructure caused by the applied treatment and the role played by the increase in the corrosion and hydrogen resistance in the improvement of corrosion-wear resistance. __________ Published in Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 111–115, July–August, 2005.     

Protective Effect of the Sputtered TiAlCrAg Coating on the High-Temperature Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of Ti-Al-Nb Alloy

The effect of a sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag (at. pct) coating on the oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb (at. pct) alloy was investigated in air at 1000-1100℃. Hot corrosion in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2SO4 was investigated at 900℃. The scale on the cast TiAINb tends to spall in air, while the scale on coating is very adherent. The sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag coating remarkably improved high temperature oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb alloy because of the formation of an adherent Al2O3 scale. Due to the inward diffusion of Cr, Kirkendall voids were found at the coating/substrate interface. TiAICrAg coating provided excellent hot corrosion resistance for TiAINb alloy in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2S04 at 900℃ due to the formation of a continuous Al2O3 scale.     

Q235钢、Cu-Cr合金铸铁和TP304H不锈钢在熔融Zn-5%Al-RE合金中的耐蚀性研究

为研究铁基材料的成分和显微组织对其耐熔蚀性能的影响,将Q235钢、Cu-Cr合金灰铸铁、TP304H不锈钢及喷丸的TP304H试样在熔融Zn-5%Al-RE合金中进行了熔蚀试验(试验温度为470℃),并进行了熔蚀速率测定和截面形貌观察(SEM)。结果表明:在试验条件下,Q235钢在熔融合金中不能形成连续致密的Al-Fe金属间化合物层;Cu-Cr合金铸铁中的石墨及珠光体对Al、Fe原子扩散起到了阻挡作用;TP304H不锈钢由于奥氏体结构的致密性,Al原子在其中的扩散速率低,同时在Al-Fe化合物层之外形成了Zn-Al-Cr-RE相,对化合物层起到一定的保护作用;TP304H不锈钢经喷丸处理后由于生成马氏体,使Al原子扩散速率提高,熔蚀速率增大。4种试验材料在熔融Zn-5%Al-RE中的耐蚀性能从高到低的排序:TP304H喷丸处理的TP304HCu-Cr合金铸铁Q235钢。     

The effects of reversion heat treatment on the recovery of thermal aging embrittlement of CF8M cast stainless steels

The thermal aging embrittlement of cast stainless steels (CASSs) is one of the key material property degradation that would limit the long-term operation nuclear power plants. In this study, we investigated the recovery behaviors of thermal aging embrittlement of cast stainless steels (CASSs) by the reversion heat treatment. Two heats of CF8M with different ferrite contents were used and the degree of aging embrittlement was measured by the micro-hardness of ferrite phases. It was found that the micro-hardness values of ferrites in the aged CF8M were significantly reduced after the reversion heat treatment at 550 °C for 30 min. Meanwhile, those of the un-aged CF8M were slightly increased by the reversion heat treatment. Also, the re-aging embrittlement behaviors of the recovered CF8M were similar to the initial aging behaviors. Finally, if the reversion heat treatment was applied to the un-aged CF8M, the degree of the embrittlement was reduced during the thermal aging heat treatment. These changes in the micro-hardness values were explained in view of the dissolution of the Cr-rich region formed during spinodal decomposition and the formation of Mo-rich precipitates in the ferrite phases during the reversion heat treatment.