低碳硅锰钢I&Q&P处理中C,Mn元素配分综合作用EI北大核心CSCD

采用EMPA,SEM和XRD等手段,研究低碳硅锰钢在双相区保温淬火(I&Q)、双相区保温+奥氏体化+盐浴配分(I&Q&P)和奥氏体化+盐浴配分(Q&P)工艺中的C,Mn元素配分行为及对残余奥氏体的综合作用。结果表明:经I&Q工艺处理后,得到马氏体、铁素体加少量残余奥氏体混合组织,C,Mn在马氏体中出现了富集,并且C富集程度高于Mn;经I&Q&P工艺处理后,C,Mn在板条马氏体中呈现不均匀分布,C的局部富集现象更明显,按C,Mn含量的不同,马氏体可分为"高C高Mn"、"高C低Mn"和"低C低Mn"3种;相比较Q&P工艺中只有C配分作用稳定残余奥氏体,I&Q&P工艺在C,Mn配分综合作用下,能得到更多的残余奥氏体。     

低碳硅锰系Q&P钢增塑机制及组织性能

采用双相区保温-淬火-配分工艺对低碳硅锰钢进行处理,通过场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和拉伸实验等对该QP钢增塑机制及其组织性能进行研究。结果表明:实验用钢经双相区保温-淬火-配分处理后,综合力学性能优于传统QP钢;双相区合理的保温时间可以减少室温组织中二次淬火马氏体含量,以保证更好的塑性;实验用钢经QP工艺处理后室温残余奥氏体含量为4.9%,而经双相区保温-淬火-配分处理时,随着双相区保温时间的延长,室温残余奥氏体含量呈先增加后减少的趋势,在双相区720℃保温1500s再经QP处理后残余奥氏体含量达到最大值7.3%,综合力学性能最佳。     

初始组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺残留奥氏体及力学性能的影响

采用双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分(IQP)工艺,研究初始组织为铁素体+珠光体的IQP-Ⅰ多相钢和初始组织为马氏体的IQP-Ⅱ多相钢的组织形貌、残留奥氏体及力学性能。结果表明:初始组织为铁素体+珠光体的IQP-Ⅰ多相钢室温组织中,铁素体和马氏体基本呈块状分布,块状残留奥氏体存在于铁素体与马氏体界面处,薄膜状只存在于马氏体内的板条之间,且残留奥氏体含量较少,TRIP效应不明显,其抗拉强度为957 MPa,伸长率只有20%,强塑积为19905.6MPa·%。初始组织为马氏体的IQP-Ⅱ多相钢中铁素体和马氏体大多呈灰黑色的板条状或针状,且细小的针状马氏体均匀地分布在铁素体基体上,残留奥氏体只以薄膜状平行分布在铁素体基体上,体积分数达到了13.2%,且具有较高的稳定性,TRIP效应较明显,强塑积达到21560MPa·%,可以获得强度和塑性的良好结合。     

9Ni钢组织演变、合金元素配分及增韧机理的研究

为了研究9Ni钢热处理过程中的组织演变和合金元素配分对强韧化的影响,采用QT(Quenching+Tempering)和QLT(Quenching+Lamellarizing+Tempering)工艺对9Ni钢进行了热处理,并详细分析了热处理过程中组织和成分配分的变化规律.结果表明:奥氏体化淬火后存在极少量的残余奥氏体(γR),主要富C和Si.580℃回火1 h时,QT工艺条件下原奥氏体晶界上逆转奥氏体(γ’)能富C、Si、Mn和Ni元素,晶内的γ’中无明显Ni和Mn富集;QLT处理后,合金元素发生了配分,所有富合金元素相中均富集C、Si、Mn和Ni元素.两相区保温后实现增韧归因于:板条马氏体基体的大角度晶界比例增加、晶粒细化;组织结构得到优化;增加了γ’形核点,使得γ’量增加,导致马氏体基体净化程度进一步提高.     

添加Si对马氏体不锈钢淬火-配分组织和性能的影响

为改善马氏体不锈钢的强塑性和耐蚀性,设计制备了Si含量不同的两种氮合金化马氏体不锈钢10Cr13N钢和10Cr13Si2N钢.对实验钢进行了改变配分时间但恒定淬火终止温度和配分温度的淬火-配分处理,从显微组织和力学性能的变化规律探究添加Si元素的作用与机理.结果表明:实验钢淬火-配分处理后得到板条马氏体加残余奥氏体为主的复相组织,其强塑性配合显著高于淬火-回火状态.随配分时间的延长,两种钢组织中残余奥氏体的含量呈现先上升后下降的极值规律,这一变化对强度影响不大,但对伸长率影响较为显著.增加钢中的Si含量,有利于抑制马氏体中碳氮化物析出并提高残余奥氏体含量和稳定性,在使钢的冲击韧性略微下降的同时可显著改善钢的变形能力.     

0.23C-1.9Mn-1.6Si钢中的残余奥氏体对韧塑性的影响

采用优化的IQP工艺处理成分为0.23C-1.9Mn-1.6Si厚度为6.5 mm的低碳硅锰钢,制备出由亚温铁素体、马氏体以及残余奥氏体构成、抗拉强度为1000 MPa的多相组织高强钢。用SEM、XRD、拉伸以及示波冲击等手段对其显微组织和力学性能进行表征,并与同等抗拉强度的IQT钢和QT钢对比,研究了钢中残余奥氏体对韧塑性的影响。结果表明,在室温下IQP多相钢具有更高的冲击韧性、更好的延伸性能和强塑积,综合韧塑性要远优于其它钢种。该钢的性能,与其多相组织结构有密切的关系。大量弥散分布于铁素体和马氏体框架内的残余奥氏体在形变过程中发生TRIP效应,显著改善了钢的韧塑性,从而使其综合力学性能提高。     

Q&P工艺参数对34SiMn2CrNiMo钢组织和力学性能的影响EI北大核心

设计制备一种中碳合金钢34SiMn2CrNiMo,通过对淬火-配分(Q&P)热处理试样的显微组织表征和力学性能测试,建立工艺-组织-性能的关系,结合热膨胀相变行为研究结果,探讨淬火中止温度TQ、加热模式、配分温度TP和配分时间tP对组织演变的影响规律并进行强韧性机理分析。结果表明:实验钢经过Q&P处理后可以获得马氏体+残余奥氏体的复相组织,从而大幅提高强塑性。在最佳处理状态组织中残余奥氏体体积分数约为24%,屈服强度为1053 MPa,抗拉强度为1607 MPa,伸长率为24.9%,强塑积为40.0 GPa·%。为了避免生成块状二次马氏体,实验钢最佳淬火温度应位于马氏体相变开始温度Ms以下150℃左右。实验钢不完全淬火后缓慢加热比快速加热配分能获得更多的残余奥氏体,钢的塑韧性提高更明显。实验钢在400℃配分时Q&P组织和性能相对稳定,而在450℃配分时残余奥氏体体积分数随时间延长而减少,导致屈服强度和伸长率同步下降。     

配分工艺对低碳Q&P钢中残余奥氏体的影响

为提高钢的塑性,在马氏体钢基础上通过Q&P工艺得到一定量的残余奥氏体,达到高强度与高塑性的良好结合.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸实验等方法研究了低碳Q&P钢微观组织,在此基础上讨论了配分工艺对残余奥氏体的影响以及残余奥氏体对Q&P钢延伸率的影响.研究结果表明:Q&P钢室温组织主...     

等温淬火对纳米贝氏体钢的组织和力学性能的影响

依据Thermo-Calc计算设计了一种成分为Fe-0.8C-2Mn-1.5Si-1.5Cr-0.25Mo-0.25Ni-1Al-0.25Co-0.1V可用于制造钢丝的纳米贝氏体钢,使用热膨胀相变仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸实验等手段研究了等温淬火温度和时间对其组织和力学性能影响。结果表明：这种纳米贝氏体钢低温等温淬火后的组织,由纳米结构的贝氏体铁素体板条、残余奥氏体和少量的马氏体组成。随着等温淬火温度的提高相变速率随之提高,贝氏体铁素体的体积分数增大。随着等温淬火时间的延长,贝氏体铁素体的体积分数增大而过冷奥氏体的量减少,在室温下生成的块状M/A岛的尺寸减小和体积分数降低,碳的配分使过冷奥氏体的稳定性提高,M/A岛中的脆性马氏体比例大幅度降低,拉伸断口由混合型断裂向准解理断裂转变。将这种钢在230℃保温48 h后强塑性匹配最佳,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到1625和1505 MPa,延伸率达到34.5%。     

Mn含量对含铝中锰钢相变温度和显微组织的影响

基于Thermo-Calc热力学模拟设计，结合扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)及透射(TEM)技术，分析Mn含量对Fe-xMn-3.4Al-0.34C(x=4～8)实验钢相变温度、物相分布和微观组织的影响。结果表明：随着Mn的质量分数从4%增至8%,奥氏体开始转变温度(A_e1)从703.7℃持续降至501.2℃,奥氏体完全转变温度(A_e3)从1005.6℃近似线性地降至863.0℃;随着Mn含量增加，残余奥氏体由不可探测逐渐增加至12.6%;显微组织从渗碳体(θ)+高温铁素体(δ)双相逐渐转变为高温铁素体(δ)+马氏体(α′)+残余奥氏体(γ),残余奥氏体分布于δ铁素体边界处和马氏体板条中。     

配分时间对Q&P钢力学性能及显微组织的影响

设计了一种中碳中锰QP(Quenching and partitioning)钢,基于热力学平衡理论计算分析了其相变过程,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了实验钢经不同热处理后的微观组织,测试了其力学性能,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)进一步分析了拉伸断裂前后残留奥氏体含量的演变规律。结果表明:室温下实验钢微观组织为板条状马氏体和弥散分布的残留奥氏体;残留奥氏体主要存在于马氏体板条之间和原始奥氏体晶界处;随配分时间延长,抗拉强度逐渐降低,延伸率呈现升高趋势;试样拉断后,断口处残留奥氏体含量在3.5%~4.5%之间,明显低于拉伸前的含量(6.94%~10.78%),说明大部分残留奥氏体在拉伸过程中发生了TRIP效应,提高了实验钢的塑性。     

回火温度对两相区退火海工钢组织和性能的影响

对690 MPa级海工钢进行“淬火+两相区退火+回火”三步热处理,研究了回火温度对其组织和性能的影响、分析了力学性能变化与组织演变和残余奥氏体体积分数之间的关系。结果表明：回火后实验钢的显微组织为回火贝氏体/马氏体、临界铁素体和残余奥氏体的混合组织。随着回火温度的提高贝氏体/马氏体和临界铁素体逐渐分解成小尺寸晶粒,而残余奥氏体的体积分数逐渐增加;屈服强度由787 MPa降低到716 MPa,塑性和低温韧性明显增强,断后伸长率由20.30%增至29.24%,-40℃下的冲击功由77 J提升至150 J。残余奥氏体体积分数的增加引起裂纹扩展功增大,是低温韧性提高的主要原因。贝氏体/马氏体的分解和残余奥氏体的生成,引起组织细化、晶粒内低KAM值位错的比例逐渐提高和小角度晶界峰值的频率增大,使材料的塑性和韧性显著提高。     

Quenching and partitioning steel produced through hot rolling,direct quenching and annealing

A novel type of quenching and partitioning steel was developed using direct quenching after hot finishing rolling, followed by intercritical annealing, quenching and partitioning (DQ–Q&P) process. The desirable combination of strength and ductility was obtained. The effect of various intercritical annealing temperatures on the microstructures and mechanical proprieties was studied. With the decreasing intercritical annealing temperature, the amount of acicular retained austenite increased, which exhibited a good work-hardening behaviour resulting in enhanced tensile strength and total elongation. After annealing at 740°C, superior mechanical properties, which were the ultimate tensile strength of 1015?MPa and total elongation of 32.22%, were achieved.     

An ultrahigh strength steel with ultrafine-grained microstructure produced through intercritical deformation and partitioning process

In this work, a novel design scheme in which deformation-induced ferrite transformation (DIFT) was applied to produce fine-grained steel and the quenching is controlled by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process has led to the development of a new kind of steel. This steel possesses excellent mechanical properties and the ductility can be further improved without compromising strength because the refined microstructure contains martensite, retained austenite and deformation-induced ferrite. The highest elongation of 15% allied with strength of 1700 MPa is obtained through hot deformation followed by Q&P treatment at 300 °C. The microstructure evolutions are discussed in terms of the current knowledge of the Q&P process and the experimental observations. The results show that the designed multiphase steels are a promising candidate for the development of the third generation of advanced high strength steels.     

Stabilization of retained austenite by the two-step intercritical heat treatment and its effect on the toughness of a low alloyed steel

Fine film-like stable retained austenite was obtained in a Fe–0.08C–0.5Si–2.4Mn–0.5Ni in weight percent (wt.%) steel by the two-step intercritical heat treatment. The first step of intercritical annealing creates a mixed microstructure of preliminary alloy-enriched martensite and lean alloyed intercritical ferrite, which is called as “reverted structure” and “un-reverted structure”, respectively. The second step of intercritical tempering is beneficial for producing film-like stable reverted austenite along the reverted structure. The stabilization of retained austenite was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dilatometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The two-step austenite reverted transformation associated with intercritical partition of C, Mn and Ni is believed to be the underlying basis for stabilization of retained austenite during the two-step intercritical heat treatment. Stable retained austenite is not only beneficial for high ductility, but also for low temperature toughness by restricting brittle fracture. With 10% (volume fraction) of retained austenite in the steel, high low temperature toughness with average Charpy impact energy of 65 J at −80 °C was obtained.     

低温临界区退火时间对22MnB5钢组织和性能的影响

为了研究22MnB5钢在退火过程中的组织演变规律,细化热冲压成形后马氏体板条束,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析技术和拉伸实验等方法,研究了不同低温临界区退火时间对22MnB5钢显微组织和力学性能的影响,并阐述了不均匀奥氏体在退火过程中的转变机制及合金元素对粒状珠光体形成的影响.研究表明,经低温临界区不同退火时间保温及随后等温处理后,得到不同的珠光体形态,在770℃保温0.5 h,并在700℃等温处理后,得到铁素体基体上分布颗粒状碳化物的粒状珠光体组织;随着临界区保温时间的延长,奥氏体转变逐渐均匀,使部分奥氏体在随后的等温过程中发生共析转变,得到多边形铁素体+片层状珠光体组织.粒状珠光体组织有利于细化淬火后的马氏体板条束,提高综合力学性能.     

A medium manganese steel designed for water quenching and partitioning

An aluminium-containing medium manganese steel has been designed to undergo intercritical annealing followed by quenching in water and subsequent partitioning. Water quenching, replacing the quenching temperature (QT) between 150 and 300°C in conventional quenching and partitioning steels, is therefore adopted in QP alloys, in order to guarantee the precise QT in practice. The low intercritical annealing temperature of 750°C refines both ferrite and prior austenite grains into submicron size. The large fraction of ultra-fine ferrite, as well as the transformation-induced plasticity effect of retained austenite, improves the overall ductility of this water-quenched and partitioned steel. The alloy has achieved excellent mechanical properties of 1130?MPa ultimate tensile strength combined with 19.2% total elongation.     

Ultrahigh strength-ductile medium-Mn steel auto-parts combining warm stamping and quenching & partitioning

A novel application of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) treatment to warm stamping of a warm-rolled medium Mn steel was investigated. The results show that Q&P could improve yield strength of auto-parts from the formation of carbides and twinned martensite, and reduce the yield point elongation for carbon partitioning during Q&P process and a higher dislocation density. Regardless of stamping temperature either the single austenite or dual-phase region, an extraordinary product of strength and ductility (≥24 GPa·%) was achieved, which is two or three times higher than those of hot-stamped boron steels. The combined warm rolling and warm stamping process with Q&P treatment may have potential to implement the application of medium Mn steels for ultrahigh strength-ductile auto-parts.