空间三角网格曲面的补洞方法

由三维扫描仪对文物表面进行扫描得到网格数据后,先提取出破洞的边界,利用破洞边界三角形的法矢信息将破洞边界上的点投影到一个平面上,形成一个二维多边形;然后基于该二维多边形各内角及各边长度在多边形内插入新的离散点,再将多边形内离散点三角网格化;最后用移动最小二乘近似法将破洞附近的点拟和成曲面,以此求出插入点的高度值,这样就得到了在三维空间中的网格数据。     

散乱点云的三角划分算法研究

通过对当前的三角网格划分方法进行比较分析,提出了一种散乱点云的3D三角网格划分算法。该算法不需如同二维划分方法那样要对散乱点云对应的自由曲面分片投影,而是直接在3D空间,根据离散点集所对应的曲面形态变化,利用网格扩展、边界环分裂和边界环封闭,逐层收缩生成三角网格。该算法能方便地处理空间多种曲面的散乱点云数据,并且生成的三角网格形态优良,布局合理。     

结构光视觉三维点云逐层三角网格化算法

针对结构光视觉恢复的大规模三维点云的可投影特点,提出一种基于投影网格的底边驱动逐层网格化曲面重建算法。该算法首先将点云投影到一个二维平面上;然后基于点云投影区域建立规则投影网格,并将投影点映射到规则二维投影网格上,建立二维网格点与三维点云间的映射关系;接着对投影网格进行底边驱动的逐层网格化,建立二维三角网格;最后根据二维投影点与三维点的对应关系及二维三角网格拓扑关系获得最终的三维网格曲面。实验结果表明,算法曲面重建速度快,可较好地保持曲面细节特征。     

三维地质界面网格模型构建算法研究

三维地质模型主要包含地质构造模型和地质属性模型。提出一种局部映射-边界控制的曲面三角化网格模型构建算法,与映射法相比,减少三维空间点映射到二维平面的计算过程,避免因多点到一点的映射关系而生成错误的三角化网格模型。基于地质测量数据特点,原始地质数据经处理后采用点集合形式表示,基于点集数据构建三维三角化网格模型,模拟地质界面的展布形态,控制三角网格质量。采用两种网格边界控制方法,在有边界约束数据和无边界约束数据条件下均能自动更新地质界面三角化网格模型边界。基于断层点数据集测试并展示算法构建的三维三角化网格模型可视化效果,通过断层面三角化网格模型能够反映断层面之间空间位置关系。     

边界简化与多目标优化相结合的高质量四边形网格生成

目的 高质量四边形网格生成是计算机辅助设计、等几何分析与图形学领域中一个富有挑战性的重要问题。针对这一问题,提出一种基于边界简化与多目标优化的高质量四边形网格生成新框架。方法 首先针对亏格非零的平面区域,提出一种将多连通区域转化为单连通区域的方法,可生成高质量的插入边界;其次,提出"可简化角度"和"可简化面积比率"两个阈值概念,从顶点夹角和顶点三角形面积入手,将给定的多边形边界简化为粗糙多边形;然后对边界简化得到的粗糙多边形进行子域分解,并确定每个子域内的网格顶点连接信息;最后提出四边形网格的均匀性和正交性度量目标函数,并通过多目标非线性优化技术确定网格内部顶点的几何位置。结果 在同样的离散边界下,本文方法与现有方法所生成的四边网格相比,所生成的四边网格顶点和单元总数目较少,网格单元质量基本类似,计算时间成本大致相同,但奇异点数目可减少70% 80%,衡量网格单元质量的比例雅克比值等相关指标均有所提高。结论 本文所提出的四边形网格生成方法能够有效减少网格中的奇异点数目,并可生成具有良好光滑性、均匀性和正交性的高质量四边形网格,非常适用于工程分析和动画仿真。     

改进的基于mean value重心坐标的多边形变形

对平面多边形的变形,为了避免变形过程中边界的退化和自交现象,目前主要采用将初始多边形与目标多边形分别嵌入到具有凸边界的同构三角网格中去,转化成三角网格的变形问题。但该方法在进行同构三角剖分时,增加的额外点数目较多,复杂度高,且不能实现刚性变形。论文提出一种基于多边形星形分解的同构三角网格剖分算法,使用较少的额外点,降低了算法复杂度。此外,文中选择正多边形作为三角网格的边界,并采用刚体变形技术以保持初始多边形和目标多边形尽可能刚性地变形,取得了较好的变形效果。     

散乱数据点集的三角划分算法研究

在对当前的三角网格划分方法进行比较分析后,提出了一种散乱数据点集的3D三角网格划分算法,该算法不需如同二维划分方法一样要对散乱点集对应的自由曲面分片投影,并可自然处理含有凹边界及孔域的曲面数据点集,利用网格扩展、边界环分裂和边界环封闭,根据曲面的变化逐层推进生成三角网格,使算法能方便地处理非封闭曲面、空间剪裁曲面、封闭曲面、空间多连通曲面等各种曲面的散乱数据。     

一种具有边界自适应能力的蒙皮网格生成算法

根据图像生成网格是骨骼蒙皮动画生成的关键步骤，网格质量直接影响动画效果，但网格优化工作量大且严重依赖制作者本身技能。对此，本文提出一种能够自适应图像边界的蒙皮网格生成算法。首先，利用图像轮廓的法向量变换计算得到包围图像的均匀近似多边形；接着使用信息熵作为衡量图形内部灵活性的权重，结合改进的重心Voronoi算法对图形内部采样，获得按权重分布均匀的内部采样点；最后，结合边界多边形顶点与内部点进行带边界约束的Delaunay三角剖分，得到可用于骨骼蒙皮动画的三角网格。实验结果表明本文所提出的算法可生成高质量网格，且高度匹配原图像边界，可用于骨骼蒙皮动画制作。     

有理Bézier单元求解参数曲面上Laplace-Beltrami方程

用有限元法数值求解时,定义在流形曲面上的偏微分方程的数值解精度会因为传统多边形单元的几何逼近误差而严重降低,为此提出基于有理Bernstein多项式的几何精确有限元法.首先插入重复节点从NURBS曲面直接生成有理Bézier单元,这一过程保持原有几何不变;然后通过Galerkin法建立参数曲面上包含Laplace-Beltrami微分算子的二阶椭圆偏微分方程的等效弱形式;针对Bernstein基函数的非插值性,通过配点法施加Dirichlet类型的边界约束,得到最优收敛的离散格式.数值算例结果表明,该方法能有效地减少网格离散误差,提高分析结果精度.     

一种基于映射法的散乱点云Delaunay三角剖分算法

针对直接在三维空间构建海量点云的Delaunay三角网格效率低下,提出一种新的基于映射法的Delau-nay三角网格构建算法.首先提出一种基于区域增长法的点云分片方法,能够保证对分片后的点云数据进行映射而不产生重叠;然后保持空间点云之间的距离特性,将三维点云映射到二维平面;在二维平面内进行Delaunay三角剖分,再将结果返回到三维空间内.实验结果表明,算法能够构建质量较好的三角网格.由于该算法将点云的三角剖分转换到低维空间,通过实验结果对比本算法与其他算法效果,证明该方法能够更快地完成重构.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。