喇曼光纤放大器的几项关键技术

喇曼光纤放大器具有优越的宽带性能 ,是现代宽带通信的较理想放大器。它的实用化得益于一些关键性技术的发展。对喇曼光纤放大器的最新发展进行了研究 ,对其中的关键性技术进行了分析、对比 ,以期有利于今后的实用化研制工作     

前、后向多抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益特性分析

为了研究前向、后向多抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益特性,在受激喇曼散射功率耦合方程组的基础上,采用龙格-库塔法结合打靶法分别计算了前、后向抽运功率、信号功率沿光纤的演化过程,并给出了抽运功率和信号功率的计算结果.结果表明,前向抽运系统中信号开始被放大,在最大处开始快速减小.低频抽运光的功率开始被放大的原因是由于抽运光之间的非线性相互作用引起的.后向抽运时信号开始被缓慢减小,然后在距离光纤末端处快速增加.这为以后喇曼光纤放大器的设计提供了重要的参考.     

前、后向多抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益特性分析

为了研究前向、后向多抽运光纤喇曼放大器的增益特性,在受激喇曼散射功率耦合方程组的基础上,采用龙格-库塔法结合打靶法分别计算了前、后向抽运功率、信号功率沿光纤的演化过程,并给出了抽运功率和信号功率的计算结果。结果表明,前向抽运系统中信号开始被放大,在最大处开始快速减小。低频抽运光的功率开始被放大的原因是由于抽运光之间的非线性相互作用引起的。后向抽运时信号开始被缓慢减小,然后在距离光纤末端处快速增加。这为以后喇曼光纤放大器的设计提供了重要的参考。     

拉曼光纤放大器的特性与前景

通过对拉曼光纤放大器（FRA）的研究和分析,揭示了FRA的有关特性。结合光纤通信的需求和FRA的特性分析了FRA的应用前景和潜在问题,并介绍了FRA的最新发展状况。     

Optimal design of flat-gain wide-band fiber Raman amplifiers

We present a novel method for designing multiwavelength pumped fiber Raman amplifiers with optimal gain-flatness and gain-bandwidth performance. We show that by solving the inverse amplifier design problem, relative gain flatness well below 1% can be achieved over bandwidths of up to 12 THz without any gain equalization devices. This constitutes a substantial improvement in gain flatness compared to the existing wide-band optical fiber amplifiers     

增益平坦光纤喇曼放大器的实现

介绍了一种独特的方法来实现具有最优增益平坦度和增益带宽的增益平坦喇曼光纤放大器.通过使用反向放大器设计,实现了不使用任何增益均衡器在12 THz带宽上的相对平坦度低于1%,这种放大器的结构比现有的宽带光纤放大器在增益平坦上有一定的进步.     

Design of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers for High Capacity Optical Transmission

This paper describes our design of a hybrid amplifier composed of a distributed Raman amplifier and erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers for C‐ and L‐bands. We characterize the distributed Raman amplifier by numerical simulation based on the experimentally measured Raman gain coefficient of an ordinary single mode fiber transmission line. In single channel amplification, the crosstalk caused by double Rayleigh scattering was independent of signal input power and simply given as a function of the Raman gain. The double Rayleigh scattering induced power penalty was less than 0.1 dB after 1000 km if the on‐off Raman gain was below 21 dB. For multiple channel amplification, using commercially available pump laser diodes and fiber components, we determined and optimized the conditions of three‐wavelength Raman pumping for an amplification bandwidth of 32 nm for C‐band and 34 nm for L‐band. After analyzing the conventional erbium‐doped fiber amplifier analysis in C‐band, we estimated the performance of the hybrid amplifier for long haul optical transmission. Compared with erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers, the optical signal‐to‐noise ratio was calculated to be higher by more than 3 dB in the optical link using the designed hybrid amplifier.     

Modeling of photonic crystal fiber Raman amplifiers

An accurate model has been developed to study photonic crystal fiber Raman amplifiers. The proposed approach calculates the Raman gain efficiency starting from the knowledge of the fiber cross-sectional characteristics, i.e., the geometric parameters and the germania concentration in the doped area. The model allows the study of the Raman amplification process in a photonic crystal fiber with any air-hole dimension and disposition, with or without a central doped area, as well as in standard single-mode fibers with an arbitrary refractive-index profile. This flexibility allows identification of the optimum values of the physical and geometrical photonic crystal fiber parameters, and thus it guarantees an efficient design for Raman amplifiers. For example, a Raman gain of 13.7 dB at 1554.8 nm has been obtained with a 6-km-long low-loss germania-doped triangular photonic crystal fiber with d//spl Lambda/=0.44 and /spl Lambda/=4.2 /spl mu/m.     

一种新的优化喇曼掺Er混合光纤放大器结构

对于给定的非线性损伤，对喇曼／掺Er混合光纤放大器(HFA)结构进行优化，即优化光纤喇曼放大器(FRA)与掺Er光纤放大器(EDFA)的增益比和色散补偿光纤(DCF)长度比，得到一种最优HFA结构。分别比较了最优HFA、一般HFA、全FRA和全EDFA用作接收机前置放大器的噪声性能，以及用于多级链路在线放大器时系统所能到达的最大可传输距离。结果表明，最优HFA能提高系统性能。     

WDM传输系统中泵浦配置对光纤拉曼放大器增益特性的影响

通过理论分析和模拟运算,研究了光纤拉曼放大器泵浦优化的一般规律。     

拉曼放大器的交迭因子模型及其性能特性仿真

通过引人交迭因子的概念，提出了光纤拉曼放大器(FRA)仿真的改进模型。采用此模型进行仿真，可以在保证精度的基础上，显著缩短仿真时间。在此模型的基础上，仿真了色散和非线性效应对超高斯脉冲抽运拉曼放大器性能的影响。结果表明，色散对其影响较大，而非线性系数对其影响相对较小。     

多波长抽运C+L波段喇曼放大器的数值模拟与分析

为了合理地设计出宽带分布式光纤喇曼放大器系统,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,对前向抽运方式的喇曼耦合方程进行数值仿真,获得了合适的抽运源波长,从而实现了分布式喇曼光纤放大器的带宽为80nm(1530nm～1610nm).在抽运功率均匀分配的情况下,对80个信道的信号进行分布式放大,分析了不同信号、抽运功率沿光纤的...     

Distributed fiber Raman amplifiers with localized loss

Backward pumped C- and L-band distributed fiber Raman amplifiers are described, where discrete losses from 0-8 dB were added at various positions to examine the effect of localized loss. Below 3-dB additional loss, the overall optical performance degraded similarly, regardless of loss position in a hybrid Raman and erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Above 3 dB, the performance degradation worsened as the loss position became closer to the signal output. The spectral shape change of the fiber output against loss variation was made tolerable within /spl plusmn/0.4 dB simply by balancing the output power of L band with that of C band, unless the loss was close to pump input. The tolerance provides design flexibility for hybrid optical amplifiers and allows the use of fixed gain-flattening filters.     

Performance comparison of various configurations of single-pump dispersion-compensating Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifiers

We show experimental performance comparison of three types of single-pump highly efficient dispersion-compensating Raman/erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) hybrid amplifiers with respect to gain, noise figure (NF), and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)-induced penalty: Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifiers recycling residual Raman pump in a cascaded erbium-doped fiber located either after (Type I) or prior to (Type II) a dispersion-compensating fiber, and a Raman assisted EDFA (Type III). Type I shows high small-signal gains, moderate large-signal gains, moderate NFs, and high SBS tolerances. Type II shows high small-signal gains, low NFs, and low SBS tolerances. Type III shows moderate small-signal gains, high large-signal gains, moderate NFs, and high SBS tolerances.     

基于掺TiO2光纤的拉曼放大器特性研究

为探索能够应用于集总式拉曼放大的新型光纤材料,采用掺TiO₂光纤作为增益介质分别设计了一阶、二阶拉曼放大器。给出了高功率转换效率且增益平坦的泵浦参数配置方案,在总泵浦光功率不变的情况下对比了掺TiO₂光纤的一阶、二阶拉曼放大器与掺GeO₂光纤的二阶拉曼放大器的增益特性。仿真结果表明,在L波段60nm的谱宽范围内,32dBm的泵浦光前向注入长达6 km的掺TiO₂光纤对3 dBm的信号光进行二阶拉曼放大,其功率转换效率可达41.57%,增益平坦度仅为1.14 dB,对比掺GeO₂光纤的二阶拉曼放大器具有更平稳的输出增益。     

S—波段光纤放大器及其研究进展

介绍了实现S-波段放大的3种光纤放大器；掺铥光纤放大器（TDFA）、增益位移TDFA（GSTD-FA）和光纤喇曼放大器，就其原理、结构、特点和发展现状进行了综述。     

用改进的遗传算法对多信道FRA泵浦源进行优化设计

Based on the nonlinear power coupled equations of fiber Raman amplifiers （FRA）, the optimal design to the pumps source has been done with modified genetic arithmetic in this paper. The numerical simulation shows that, for a 40 channels DWDM system and with three pump sources, the Raman gain of about 10dB can be obtained, and the gain ripple is about 1.5dB. The result is useful for the design of backward-pump FRA.     

Advances in Raman fibers

Raman fiber lasers and amplifiers will play an increasing role in future optical fiber communication (OFC) systems. Recent progress in the development of special Raman fibers is described. We particularly focus on high /spl Delta/n germanosilicate and phosphosilicate fibers.     

采用喇曼光纤放大器的长距离光纤传输系统中双重瑞利散射噪声的抑制

本文研究了在长距离光纤通信系统中,采用多级喇曼光纤放大器的情况下,双重瑞利散射波的产生和放大过程,提出了采用在喇曼光纤放大器中加入隔离器的办法进行双重瑞利散射噪声抑制。比较信号和双重瑞利散射噪声在入隔离器前后沿传输光纤的功率变化,加入隔离器以后,双重瑞利散射噪声得到了有效地抑制,而信号所受的影响不大。     

分布拉曼光纤放大的实验研究

采用符合ITU-T标准的G波段40信道波分复用(WDM)光源对分布式拉曼放大器(DRA)的特性进行了实验研究。对不同抽运方式及不同光纤长度的分布式拉曼放大器性能作了较为详细的报道。在抽运功率相同的条件下，选用50km单模光纤对比研究了不同抽运方式的拉曼放大器增益和噪声。通过对不同光纤长度的分布式拉曼放大器的实验研究发现，在较低抽运功率且输入信号功率较低的情况下，随着光纤长度增加，拉曼增益也增加，有效噪声系数减小。研究了分布式拉曼放大器对波分复用通信系统信噪比的改善，实验发现不同抽运功率下，拉曼放大器对系统信噪比的改善随抽运功率增加而增加，但是不成线性关系，而且最终会出现饱和。