3-甲基吗啉-2,5-二酮与ε-己内酯共聚物的制备与表征

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,合成了3-甲基吗啉-2,5-二酮(MMD)与ε-已内酯(ε-CL)的共聚物,并用FT-IR、1HNMR、DSC、粘度测定等分析方法对共聚物进行了表征.结果表明,MMD能很好地与ε-己内酯进行共聚,且共聚物的性能可以根据投料比例的不同在很大范围内进行调节.     

茂金属催化5-亚乙烯基-2-降冰片烯与乙烯的共聚

研究了茂金属催化体系[2-C5Me4-6-tBuC6H3O]TiCl2/Al(iBu)3/Ph3CB(C6F5)4催化5-亚乙烯基-2-降冰片烯(ENB)与乙烯(E)的共聚反应。考察了聚合条件对催化活性、共聚物中ENB的含量和共聚物分子量的影响。利用氢核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)对合成的共聚物进行表征。结果表明,在ENB/E共聚反应中,ENB环内双键参与聚合,ENB环外双键(亚乙烯基)保留。合成了ENB物质的量分数高达50.1%和玻璃化转变温度高达170.5℃的共聚物。合成的共聚物分子量分布较窄(PDI=1.93～2.11),最高分子量达到193 kg/mol。     

四氟乙烯-全氟甲基乙烯基醚共聚物的研究进展

作为可熔融加工且性能接近于聚四氟乙烯的全氟聚合物,PFA(四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚聚合物)得到了很快的发展并已形成了两个系列的商品.其中四氟乙烯-全氟丙基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA-P)已经为人们熟悉,而另一类品种即四氟乙烯-全氟甲基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA-M)却少有文献介绍.本研究对PFA-M的结构、性能、加工以及应用进行了综述.     

8-羟基喹哪啶-丙烯酸-镓(Ⅲ)与苯乙烯共聚物的合成和性能

将8-羟基喹哪啶-丙烯酸-镓(Ⅲ)的三元配合物单体与苯乙烯共聚后得到一种含镓(Ⅲ)的共聚物。通过红外光谱、元素分析、紫外光谱、广角X射线衍射等方法对三元配合物和共聚物的组成进行了表征。测试共聚物的荧光光谱，发现共聚物的氯仿溶液在493nm处能发出较强的荧光，共聚物膜在473nm处能光致发光。DSC分析表明共聚物具有良好的耐热性。广角X射线衍射结果表明共聚物为非晶结构。     

新型聚噻吩衍生物与2,1,3-苯并硒二唑共聚物的固相合成

在室温下,首次采用新型聚噻吩衍生物3,6-二噻基-哒嗪,1,4-二噻基-苯和4,7-二噻基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑分别与2,1,3-苯并硒二唑(BS)通过固相反应制得共聚物.并以FT-IR,UV-Vis,SEM,循环伏安等测试对共聚物进行表征.结果表明:共聚物紫外-可见吸收光谱的最大吸收峰较均聚物有红移,说明共轭链节增长,共轭性能变好.共聚物无特殊形貌.循环伏安测试表明,此三种共聚物均具有较好的电化学活性.     

Fe-Al-α,α′-联吡啶催化体系催化马来酸酐与环氧环己烷开环共聚

用Fe(acac)3-Al(i-Bu)3-α,α ′-联吡啶(acac=乙酰丙酮)催化马来酸酐(MA)与环氧环己烷(CHO)开环交替共聚,研究了Fe /Al、Fe/α,α′-联吡啶摩尔比对聚合的影响,用核磁共振技术研究了共聚物的交 替度,测得共聚物中马来酸酐含量达33%以上.共聚物分子量用凝胶渗透色谱仪测得,分析 表明共聚物分子量分散度很窄.共聚反应动力学研究表明,共聚反应速度与单体浓度呈一级关系,表观活化能为25.4 kJ/mol.     

从β-聚丙烯到β-聚丙烯共混物

相对于聚丙烯(PP)共混物,β-PP共混物研究很少。文中对本实验室近几年开展的β-成核PP与聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(AS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、尼龙(PA)、对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)共混物的制备、结构与性能进行了总结。重点讨论了不同第二组分及其用量、结晶度与极性,增容和制备方法等对PP共混物的β-成核作用的影响。观察到PS、AS和ABS对β-成核作用影响很小,可获得高β-晶含量的PP共混物。β-成核PP与PA、PET共混物的β-成核作用取决于制备方法,降低PET结晶度的方法和加入相容剂有利于共混物β-晶的形成。第二组分极性并不是影响共混物β-成核作用的主要因素。     

新型聚2,4-二乙烯基3-十二烷基噻吩-1,3,4-噁二唑交替共聚物的合成、表征及性能研究

采用Heck偶合法首次合成了新型的含有空穴传输单元3-十二烷基噻吩和电子传输单元1,3,4-噁二唑的低带隙能的聚2,4-二乙烯基-3-十二烷基噻吩-1,3,4-噁二唑共轭聚合物(P3DDTV-OXD).并且通过1H-NMR、FT-IR、凝胶色谱(GPC)、UV-vis光谱、荧光光谱(PL)、循环伏安(CV)法对所合成的共聚物进行了分析表征.与规整的聚3-十二烷基噻吩均聚物(P3DDT)相比,共聚物的UV最大吸收波长和Pl最大发射波长明显蓝移,具有强烈的蓝色荧光,且电子亲和势较高,同时拥有空穴和电子传输能力,实现了电荷在分子内的双向传输.     

核-壳-冠结构两亲性环状刷形共聚物的合成及自组装

采用原子转移自由基聚合、开环聚合和酯化反应合成了一系列核-壳-冠结构两亲性环状刷形共聚物——聚(2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯-graft-(聚己内酯-block-聚寡聚(乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)))(P(HEMA-g-PCL₁₈-POEGMA)₅₀)。通过核磁和凝胶渗透色谱对聚合物的组成进行了分析。通过动态光散射得出共聚物自组装胶束的粒径为33～43 nm,说明聚合物为纳米结构;通过荧光光谱测试了共聚物自组装胶束的临界聚集浓度,得出POEGMA的聚合度为30时,其在水中稳定性最好;通过透射电镜观察得出共聚物自组装胶束为分散性较好的球形结构纳米粒子;通过共聚物对体外抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)的负载与释药实验,得出其载药率为4.60%,在还原剂二硫苏糖醇(DTT)条件下培养72 h后的DOX累积释放量与无DTT相当,说明共聚物结构不受DTT影响而保持稳定。     

端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以聚乙二醇为原料,采用四步反应,合成了二碳酸二叔丁酯单保护的氨基聚乙二醇(BOC-PEG-NH2);并以DOe-PEG-NH2为引发剂,引发丙交酯开环聚合,得到了叔丁氧基酰胺基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(BOC-PEG-PLA).在三氟乙酸二氯甲烷溶液中,脱去保护基团,得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(NH2-PEG-PLA).采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、紫外光度仪(UV)表征各聚合物的结构,由凝胶色谱仪(GPC)测定嵌段共聚物的分子量以及分子量分布.结果表明:合成的氨基引发在无催化剂条件下能够引发丙交酯开环聚合,制得分子量高、分子量分布窄的双亲性共聚物.通过三氟乙酸脱保护得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-一聚乳酸(NH2-PEG-PLA),且对分子量没有影响.     

分子识别型温敏智能高分子的制备与性能

利用(R,S)-仲丁胺和丙烯酰氯酰化生成的单体N-仲丁基丙烯酰胺(BAM),与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)共聚制得了分子识别型温敏智能高分子(简称PNB)。对PNB进行了成分分析,通过浊度法测定PNB的低临界溶解温度(LC-ST),并研究了PNB对L-色氨酸(L-Trp)的识别特性。研究发现,PNB具有良好的温敏性和分子识别特性。PNB的LC-ST随其中疏水性BAM含量的增加而降低;高分子水溶液在添加L-Trp后LCST向高温方向迁移。     

防雾抗菌聚乙烯薄膜的制备及性能

目的 制备一种具有抗菌和防雾效果的改性薄膜.方法 防雾添加剂选择聚甘油脂肪酸酯(PGFE)和实验室自制的母粒(YS),抗菌剂选择丙酸钙(CP)和脱氢乙酸钠(以下称为DHA-S),将抗菌剂、防雾剂及PE粒子混合造粒,然后在流延机上流延得到防雾抗菌聚乙烯(PE)活性包装薄膜,并通过正交实验优化薄膜的制备配方.结果 与纯PE薄膜相比(抗张强度为8.64 MPa;质量分数为88.46％;断裂伸长率纵向为551.72％,横向为589.86％),添加YS(均以质量分数表示)(3％),PGFE(3％),DHA-S(1％)和CP(1％)的薄膜具有较好的防雾性、抗张强度(14.58 MPa)以及对试验菌较好的抗菌性能,但是薄膜透光率(82.68％)、断裂伸长率(纵向272.20％,横向140.20％)和阻隔性较差.结论 经过防雾剂和抗菌剂改性的聚乙烯薄膜,因其抗菌和防雾效果较好,以及其物理性能良好,可以作为食品包装材料使用.     

Photostability and toxicity of pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene

Fate of organic contaminants under UV irradiation as environmental variable was studied. Aqueous solutions of pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene were subjected to simulated solar radiation and monitored during ≤ 93 h. Immobilization tests were conducted using Daphnia magna neonates in pre-irradiated water for the assessment of photoproduct-mediated toxicity. We observed a time-dependent decrease in exposure concentrations following irradiation, which correlated positively with reduced immobilization of the animals. A complete disappearance of the lowest and highest concentrations of pentachlorophenol was noted after 25 h and 75 h, respectively. Survivorship of the animals increased until 100% and correlated positively with irradiation time. However, phenanthrene was rather persistent under irradiation, with less than 25% decline in exposure concentrations after 93 h. Neonates were not immobilized at maximum aqueous solubility of phenanthrene. Rate constants (k) for the photodegradation of pentachlorophenol at 0.41, 0.59, 1.1, and 2.1 mg l(-1) were in the range of 7.2 × 10(-2) and 4.9 × 10(-2)h(-1), showing a slight decrease with increasing initial pentachlorophenol concentration. Nonetheless, pentachlorophenol degradation in the studied concentration range could still be described by the pseudo-first-order kinetics. K values for phenanthrene at 0.12 and 0.22 mg l(-1) were 2.9 × 10(-3)h(-1) and 4.2 × 10(-3)h(-1), respectively.     

IPDI基和HMDI基热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

采用熔融二步法合成了以环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃无规共聚醚(PET)和聚己二酸乙二醇丙二酯(PEPA)的混合多元醇为软段,1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为扩链剂.不同硬段含量的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)基和二环已基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)基热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU).通过红外光谱(FT-IR)对TPU的结构进行了表征,利用差...     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of novel monoadducts and bisadducts based on amide methanofullerene

Four new [6,6]-phenyl-C(61) and C(71) butylsaure n-dibutyl amides (PCBDBA) with mono- and bis-adduction on C(60) and C(70) cages, respectively, have been synthesized as models to study the effect of the mono- and bis-adduction on fullerene cages on device performance when used as electron acceptors with the donor of regioregular P3HT in bulkheterojunction organic photovoltaics (BHJ-OPV). The optoelectronic, electrochemistry, and photovoltaic properties of these mono- and bis-products were fully investigated. The best device performance of these fullerene derivatives were obtained from the two monoadducts with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.77% for C(60) derivative and 1.90% for C(70) derivative, respectively, which are close to PCBM's 2.43%. The results revealed the structure-function relationship among the monoadduct and bisadduct derivatives of C(60) and C(70) with the BHJ-OPV performance.     

Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification by microwave reactor with ammonium bicarbonate and zeolite

Microwave reactor with ammonium bicarbonate (NH(4)HCO(3)) and zeolite was set up to study the simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) from flue gas. The results showed that the microwave reactor filled with NH(4)HCO(3) and zeolite could reduce SO(2) to sulfur with the best desulfurization efficiency of 99.1% and reduce NO(x) to nitrogen with the best NO(x) purifying efficiency of 86.5%. Microwave desulfurization and denitrification effect of the experiment using ammonium bicarbonate and zeolite together is much higher than that using ammonium bicarbonate or zeolite only. NO(x) concentration has little effect on denitrification but has no influence on desulfurization, SO(2) concentration has no effect on denitrification. The optimal microwave power and empty bed residence time (EBRT) on simultaneous desulfurization and dentrification are 211-280 W and 0.315 s, respectively. The mechanism for microwave reduced desulfurization and denitrification can be described as the microwave-induced catalytic reduction reaction between SO(2), NO(x) and ammonium bicarbonate with zeolite being the catalyst and microwave absorbent.     

Vanadium pentoxide nanobelts and nanorolls: from controllable synthesis to investigation of their electrochemical properties and photocatalytic activities

Uniform V(2)O(5)· xH(2)O nanobelts with high aspect ratios and ultra-long V(2)O(5)· xH(2)O nanorolls with novel scroll-like structures were synthesized on a large scale by a simple hydrothermal growth route using NH(4)VO(3) as the raw material in the presence of different acids at 180?°C for 24?h. Their morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray powder diffraction measurement and thermal gravimetric analysis revealed the composition of nanobelts and nanorolls to be V(2)O(5)·0.9H(2)O and V(2)O(5)·0.6H(2)O, respectively. The possible mechanisms of formation of the nanobelts and nanorolls were schematically elucidated based on the layered structure of vanadium pentoxide. In addition, corresponding anhydrous V(2)O(5) nanostructures with better crystallinity were obtained by calcining the precursors of V(2)O(5)·0.9H(2)O nanobelts or V(2)O(5)·0.6H(2)O nanorolls. Furthermore, we have investigated the electrochemical intercalation properties with Li(+) and the photocatalytic activities of the synthesized V(2)O(5)·0.9H(2)O nanobelts, V(2)O(5)·0.6H(2)O nanorolls and their corresponding post-annealing products. It was observed that the morphologies and compositions of the synthesized products had an evident influence on the electrochemical intercalation properties with Li(+) and photocatalytic activities.     

Covalent and noncovalent functionalisation and solubilisation of nanodiamond

Covalent functionalisation of nanodiamond has been carried out by employing several methods. One of them involves the reaction of acid-treated nanodiamond with thionyl chloride followed by reaction with a long-chain aliphatic amine to produce the amide derivative. The second method involves reaction of acid-treated nanodiamond with an organosilicon or organotin reagent such as hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, dibutyldimethoxytin, and perfluoro-octyltriethoxysilane. The products of covalent functionalisation produce excellent dispersions in CCl₄ and toluene. SiO₂–and SnO₂–covered nanodiamond are obtained by heating the nanodiamond coated with the organosilane and the organotin reagents, respectively. By interaction of nanodiamond with surfactants such as sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate (AOT), Triton X-100 (TX-100), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and tert-octylphenoxy poly(oxyethylene)ethanol (IGEPAL) gives good dispersions in water, the best dispersion with the lowest surfactant concentration being obtained with IGEPAL.     

先进制造技术基本特征与我国应用和发展先进制造技术的战略

通过对先进制造技术形成的历史环境的分析,对先进制造技术的目标进行了重新定位,认为先进制造技术具有：（１）以提高企业综合效益为目标的系统性;（２）覆盖从产品市场研究到终结处理等制造活动的全过程性;（３）多学科的集成性以及（４）应用的继承性。在此基础上,根据我国制造业所面临的基本国情分析,提出我国应用和发展先进制造技术的战略是：（１）以开发具有国际竞争力的新产品为目标;（２）以新产品的开发带动先进制造     

全氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯聚合物的制备与应用

为了得到具有优良防水防油性能的织物整理剂,以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚酯二元醇(PE1000)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为原料合成出交联聚氨酯,再以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、全氟丙烯酸酯(FA)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(BPO)为引发剂,通过溶液聚合制备了全氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯聚合物织物整理剂。本文对聚合物进行了表征并讨论了其对织物防水、防油的应用效果。实验表明,通过阳离子全氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯聚合物处理的织物表面对水的接触角可达136°,对石蜡油的接触角可达120°。