基于奇异值分解的雷达信号脉内调制类型自动识别

针对低信噪比下传统方法识别雷达信号脉内调制类型准确率低的问题,提出了一种有效的脉内调制类型自动识别方法。该方法首先计算雷达信号的模糊函数,然后利用图像处理算法提取其奇异值特征,将奇异值特征矢量作为神经网络的输入对脉内调制类型自动识别。仿真表明该方法在0dB信噪比下,对常见脉内调制信号识别率均大于84%。该方法需要的特征维数少、分类器结构简单、识别率高、抗噪能力强。     

一种改进的脉内调制信号识别方法

针对低信噪比下传统方法识别雷达信号脉内调制类型准确率低的问题,提出一种有效的自动识别方法。基于时频原子分解提取雷达脉内调制特征,提出了一种融合差分进化与遗传算法优点的混合进化算法,进行最优原子搜索,从最优原子中提取出三种特征值并运用概率神经网络进行分类识别。仿真表明,该方法较差分进化算法有更高的搜索效率和更低的时间复杂度。在信噪比不低于-2dB时,该算法有90%的正确识别率。     

低数据量下的雷达信号脉内调制识别方法

针对部分脉冲宽度窄、采样点数少的雷达信号监测应用场景,提出一种新的雷达信号脉内调制自动识别算法。采用小波变换与瞬时自相关相结合的方法,提取雷达信号瞬时频率特征,根据不同调制方式雷达信号的特征差别,实现了对常规信号、线性调频信号、非线性调频信号、二相编码信号、四相编码信号、二进制频率编码信号和四进制频率编码信号七种不同调制方式雷达信号识别。在不同数据量条件下,仿真结果表明,识别准确率随着码元个数或单个码元采样点数的减少而降低,此识别算法对信噪比为20 dB、采样点数为100个的雷达信号,可以实现对不同调制方式的准确识别,识别准确率高于80%。与传统识别方法相比,该方案所需数据量较少,识别准确率高,易于工程实现。     

一种适应低信噪比的脉内识别算法

针对传统的雷达信号脉内调制类型在低信噪比下识别能力不高的局限性,提出一种改进的适应低信噪比的信号调制类型分类识别算法。该算法对雷达脉冲信号流进行时间和脉宽格子划分,对同一格子中脉冲信号采用一阶差分自相关函数法计算特征向量,根据特征向量值进行聚类统计分类。分类后对每组内脉冲信号进行平方处理,再次计算特征向量并进行聚类统计分类,选择每组内质量较好的脉冲信号进行调制类型识别,提高了信号分类识别正确率,通过仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于FPGA的脉内调制雷达信号识别算法

针对脉内调制雷达信号检测,提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的脉内调制特征实时提取技术,利用时-频分析、瞬时自相关、时域累加平滑的方法,实现对常见脉内调制雷达信号(简单脉冲信号、二进制相移键控(BPSK)信号、正交相移键控(QPSK)信号、线性频率调制(LFM)信号、频移键控(FSK)信号)实时检测及脉内调制样式实时提取,并将脉内调制类型与常规PDW字结合构成扩展脉冲描述字(EPDW).测试结果证明了该方法实时性好、准确率高.     

一种有效的雷达信号快速识别方法

针对多种调制类型的雷达信号快速侦察识别成功率较低的问题,提出了基于瞬时频率特征提取的雷达信号快速识别新算法.首先,由短时傅里叶变换(STFT)得到信号每一部分的瞬时频率特征;其次,对得到的瞬时频率进行两次归一化分别得到各自特征值;最后,用层次决策方法对雷达信号进行分类识别.仿真实验结果证明该方法能有效识别各种雷达信号,在信噪比高于-3 dB时,各种脉内调制的识别成功率都达到90%以上.     

雷达全脉冲的数字分析方法研究

提出了一种雷达全脉冲分析算法——极值序列分析法。该算法能够分析雷达脉冲的载频、脉冲幅度、脉冲宽度、信噪比、脉冲到达时间、脉冲包络特征参数和脉内调制参数。该算法的特点是：参数测量精度高;识别信号类型准确率高;算法速度快和所需存储空间小。     

基于改进相像系数和奇异谱熵的雷达信号分选

脉内特征提取是新体制雷达辐射源信号分选的关键问题,文中针对现有方法分选准确率不高和对噪声敏感的问题,提出了一种基于高次频谱相像系数和频域奇异谱熵特征的分选新方法,实现了低信噪比下雷达辐射源信号的高准确率分选。对接收到的信号提取高次频谱相像系数特征以及奇异谱熵特征,并将两者作为分选的联合特征向量,运用K means聚类算法实现对不同调制方式的雷达辐射源信号的分选。仿真结果表明：改进后提取的信号特征类间的分离度大且受噪声影响程度小,在信噪比为-2 dB的情况下,该算法的总体平均分选准确率在85％左右,不同调制类型信号间的分选准确率最低为80％。与现有方法相比,文中提出的算法具有更好的信号识别效果。     

多特征融合的雷达信号脉内调制识别

针对当前电子侦察情报系统自动识别率低、识别类型少的问题,提出了一种有效的联合奇异值分解和主分量分析的雷达信号脉内调制类型自动识别方法。该方法对信号时频图像进行奇异值分解(SVD)和主分量分析(PCA)后,将所得特征参量按一定的准则进行融合来识别信号。仿真结果表明,SVD和PCA相融合的识别方法在低信噪比(4 dB)下,对常见脉内调制信号正确识别率均大于90%,并且该方法分类器具有结构简单、抗噪声能力强的优点。     

基于排序时频特性的雷达脉内调制信号识别

提出了一种基于排序时频特性的雷达脉内调制信号识别算法.该算法可分为三步:首先,通过检验信号时频曲线的互易回归特性,识别出线性调频信号;然后,通过检验信号时频RANKIT图的正态性,识别出常规信号;最后,检验信号平方后时频RANKIT图的正态性,用以区分二相编码与四相编码信号.仿真结果表明,该算法无需接收信号的任何先验知识,在较低信噪比条件下可实现对常用雷达脉内调制方式的有效识别.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks