时间相关块贝叶斯算法下的大规模MIMO信道估计

因具有高的阵列增益和高的频谱效率,大规模MIMO已成为5G通信系统物理层关键技术,但在频分双工系统基站侧获取大规模MIMO信道准确状态信息的过程中,存在导频开销占用大量频谱资源问题。为此,针对时间相关信道和信道稀疏度未知的情况,提出一种基于时间相关和多测量矢量模型的块贝叶斯压缩感知（TMBB-CS）信道估计方法。因基站端天线发射信号时间相关,所以大规模MIMO系统的时域信道脉冲响应呈块稀疏结构,利用该特性对下行链路中的多用户信道矩阵进行测量估计,可较大幅度减少导频开销,提升性能。实验仿真结果表明,与其他块贝叶斯算法相比,所提出的TMBB-CS算法信道估计性能更好。      

可重构智能表面中低复杂度毫米波信道估计算法

针对可重构智能表面(RIS)辅助的大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)毫米波系统中信道估计复杂度高的问题,该文提出一种低复杂度的信道估计算法。在该方案中,将RIS部分元素连接射频(RF)链,分离估计基站/用户和RIS之间的信道,分开获取信道有助于提升用户移动性场景下信道估计的灵活性。在所考虑系统中,首次使用低复杂度的2维快速傅里叶变换(2D-FFT)算法对角度进行估计,并考虑信号补零以获得更加精准的角度估计值,最后利用信号2维空间谱的谱峰和其对应的辐角得到路径增益估计。仿真结果表明,该算法达到了优良的信道估计性能,且在确保信道估计性能的系统参数设置下,该算法具有压倒性的复杂度优势。     

宽带毫米波大规模MIMO系统中低复杂度波束域信道估计

针对宽带毫米波大规模MIMO系统信道估计精度低及实现复杂度较高的问题,在传统支撑检测方案的基础上提出一种基于Gauss-Seidel方法的串行支撑检测（GS-SSD）方案。该方案不使用共同支撑假设,参考串行干扰删除,将整体信道估计问题分解为一系列子问题,每个子问题仅考虑一个信道成分。同时,利用Gauss-Seidel方法近似高复杂度的矩阵求逆。仿真结果表明,相比于基于串行支撑检测（SSD）的方案, GS-SSD方案在将求逆复乘数降低一个数量级的同时可以取得接近SSD方案的信道估计性能。     

基于MCoSaMP算法的MIMO稀疏信道估计

针对单载波多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)系统中的稀疏信道估计问题,基于压缩传感(Compressed Sensing,CS)理论,提出了一种改进的压缩采样匹配追踪(Modified Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit,MCoSaMP)算法.新算法在现有的压缩采样匹配追踪算法的基础上,通过前一步迭代的残差设计了一种自适应加权因子,利用该加权因子进行加权最小二乘估计,逐步减小了异常样本对当前估计的影响.仿真结果表明,在使用相同长度的训练序列时,新算法与现有的基于压缩采样匹配追踪的估计算法相比,在估计精度上有明显提高.     

毫米波大规模MIMO系统中低复杂度混合预编码方法

针对毫米波大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统混合预编码方案设计的难点,提出了一种低复杂度混合预编码方法。首先基于奇异值分解,构造初始射频(RF)预编码矩阵,然后构造数字预编码矩阵。进而将残差矩阵最大左奇异矢量构造的矢量添加到RF矩阵的最后一列,以更新初始RF矩阵。经过多次迭代,从而形成最终RF预编码矩阵。最后基于最小二乘准则设计数字预编码矩阵。理论分析和仿真结果表明,相比于基于正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法的混合预编码设计方法,该方法在计算复杂度大幅下降的同时,其性能远远优于基于OMP算法的混合预编码方法,同时在数据流数相对较小时,其性能接近最优的全数字预编码设计方法。     

基于分层模型的SC-FDE系统低复杂度稀疏信道估计

针对单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)接收机提出一种低复杂度的贝叶斯稀疏信道估计算法。该算法利用广义平均场(GMF)推理方法结合贝叶斯分层先验模型得到。在GMF推理方法中,使用辅助函数来等效未知变量的联合后验概率密度函数;然后对辅助函数进行因子分解,通过对待估计的稀疏向量的辅助函数进行不同大小的分块来实现降低复杂度的目的。而原始的高复杂度算法(SC-VMP-3L)是所提出的算法的特例。最后,将GMF推理方法用于频域均衡中。仿真结果表明,在信道估计精度和误码率方面,所提出的算法性能基本与SC-VMP-3L算法的性能接近,且明显优于传统的正交匹配追踪（OMP）稀疏信道估计方法。在复杂度方面,与SC-VMP-3L算法相比有显著降低。      

基于CNN的毫米波无蜂窝大规模MIMO信道估计

针对小区间干扰导致蜂窝边缘无法满足不断增长的数据速率需求问题,毫米波无蜂窝大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)系统被认为是一种很有前途的解决方案。然而,毫米波的高频率、大带宽以及接入点配置的大量天线给信道估计带来了较大挑战。将毫米波大规模MIMO信道矩阵视为二维图像,结合图像去噪方法提出一种基于改进去噪卷积神经网络(Improved-Denoising Convolutional Neural Network, I-DnCNN)的信道估计算法。通过具有注意力机制的压缩与激励(Squeeze-and-Excitation, SE)模块,自适应调整提取的全局特征以增强对信道噪声特征的学习,根据接收信号估计出噪声等级图且增添为输入,提升对噪声的鲁棒性。最后,采用残差学习的方式获得估计信道矩阵。利用理论信道模型和基于波束追踪的信道数据集进行的仿真实验结果表明,与去噪卷积神经网络(Denoising Convolutional Neural Network, DnCNN)算法相比,所提算法在两个数据集下的信道估计精度可分别平均提升2.27...     

MIMO扩频通信系统矩阵信道估计

为了解决第三代移动通信系统下行链路容量瓶颈问题，在HSDPA的解决方案中，MIMO系统的提案越来越受到重视。本文提出了一种移动深衰落环境下的MIMO系统信道估计方案，并进行了详细的理论推导，给出了独立MIMO深衰落信道环境下的仿真结果。     

基于压缩感知的大规模MIMO下行信道状态信息获取

信道状态信息（Channel State Information,CSI）对于大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）发挥高性能至关重要。但在上下行传输信道不存在互易性的频分双工（Frequency Division Duplex,FDD）制式下,若采用传统的信道估计方法会给CSI的获取带来巨大的导频开销和计算量。考虑利用大规模 MIMO 信道的虚角域稀疏性来减少获取CSI所需开销,在此基础上进一步研究了大规模 MIMO 正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)系统中各子载波信道在虚角域的共同稀疏特性和稀疏支撑集的时间相关特性,达到降低信道维度的目的,则大大减少了基站对 CSI 获取所需的资源开销。同时,为了降低信道稀疏支撑集信息获取所需的导频开销和提高信息的时效性,利用压缩感知技术对支撑集进行估计。仿真结果验证了所提方案性能的优越性。     

Sparsity adaptive channel estimation algorithm based on compressive sensing for massive MIMO systems

A sparsity-adaptive channel estimation algorithm based on compressive sensing was proposed for massive MIMO systems when the number of channel multi-paths was unknown.By exploiting the joint sparsity characteristics of the sub-channels,the proposed block sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (BSAMP) algorithm first selected atoms by setting a threshold and finding the position of the maximum backward difference,which reduces the energy dispersion caused by the non-orthogonality of the observation matrix and improves the performance of the algorithm.Then a regularization method was utilized to improve the stability of the algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm recovers the channel state information accurately and shows a high computational efficiency.     

Randomized Kaczmarz algorithm for massive MIMO systems with channel estimation and spatial correlation

To exploit the benefits of massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (M‐MIMO) technology in scenarios where base stations (BSs) need to be cheap and equipped with simple hardware, the computational complexity of classical signal processing schemes for spatial multiplexing of users shall be reduced. This calls for suboptimal designs that perform well the combining/precoding steps and simultaneously achieve low computational complexities. An approach on the basis of the iterative Kaczmarz algorithm (KA) has been recently investigated, assuring well execution without the knowledge of second order moments of the wireless channels in the BS, and with easiness since no tuning parameters, besides the number of iterations, are required. In fact, the randomized version of KA (rKA) has been used in this context because of global convergence properties. Herein, modifications are proposed on this first rKA‐based attempt, aiming to improve its performance‐complexity trade‐off solution for M‐MIMO systems. We observe that long‐term channel effects degrade the rate of convergence of the rKA‐based schemes. This issue is then tackled herein by means of a hybrid rKA initialization proposal, which lands within the region of convexity of the algorithm and assures fairness to the communication system. The effectiveness of our proposal is illustrated through numerical results, which bring more realistic system conditions in terms of channel estimation and spatial correlation than those used so far. We also characterize the computational complexity of the proposed rKA scheme, deriving upper bounds for the number of iterations. A case study focused on a dense urban application scenario is used to gather new insights on the feasibility of the proposed scheme to cope with the inserted BS constraints.     

莱斯衰落信道下大规模MIMO系统中的信道估计方法

日趋重要的高速移动工具,如高速铁路、无人驾驶飞机等,大多都处在开阔地带.由于视距传播的存在,瑞利衰落模型已经不能很好地描述该环境下的信道情况,而莱斯衰落信道模型由视距分量和多径分量组成,更能准确地表述上述信道变化.基于此模型,在大规模天线系统下,在已存在的基于叠加训练序列信道估计方法的基础上,提出了改进的信道估计方法和对应的解码方法.改进后的信道估计方法分为直射分量已知和未知两种情况,分别推导了相应的信道估计公式和解码方法.数值仿真结果验证了本文所提方案性能的优越性.     

基于平行因子分解的大规模MIMO盲信道估计

针对单小区大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）系统上行链路,提出了一种基于平行因子（Parallel Factor,PARAFAC）模型的信道估计方法。在基站端,将接收信号构造成PARAFAC模型,利用大规模MIMO系统中信道的渐近正交的性质,提出了一种基于约束二线性迭代最小二乘算法(Constrained Blinear Alternating Least Squares,CBALS),从而实现了盲信道估计。理论分析及仿真结果表明,所提方法与传统最小二乘方法相比,不仅提高了频带利用率而且具有更高的估计精度;与已有的二线性交替最小二乘方法(BALS)相比,所提算法有更快的收敛速度。     

Efficient compressive sensing based sparse channel estimation for 5G massive MIMO systems

Massive MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) is one of the key technologies of 5G mobile cellular networks, which can form a huge antenna array by providing a large number of antennas at the cell base station. It will greatly improve the channel capacity and spectrum utilization and has become a hotspot in the field of wireless communications in recent years. Aiming at the high complexity of channel estimation algorithm for massive MIMO system, a sparse channel estimation algorithm with low complexity is proposed based on the inherent sparsity of wireless communication channel. The algorithm separates the channel taps from the noise space on the basis of the traditional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) channel estimation, so that the channel estimation only needs to calculate the part of the channel tap, so the computational complexity of the algorithm is greatly reduced. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve near minimum mean square error (MMSE) performance while maintaining low complexity. Moreover, the Bit Error Rate and Inter-Cell Interference also indicates that the proposed improved algorithm shows better overall performance than the conventional algorithms which makes it suitable from practical perspective.     

基于两步噪声学习网络的波束域毫米波大规模MIMO信道估计

针对波束域毫米波大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统,构建了一种新型两步噪声学习网络（Two-step Noise Learning Network,TNLNet）。基本原理是在接收信号反复经过卷积层和池化层提取噪声特征的基础上,利用波束域毫米波大规模MIMO信道矩阵稀疏性所引起的相邻元素相近的特点,采用下采样将信道矩阵重构成4个子矩阵,提高训练测试效率。该算法具有以比全卷积去噪近似消息传递(Fully Convolutional Denoising Approximate Message Passing,FCDAMP)算法和学习去噪的近似消息传递(Learned Denoising-based Approximate Message Passing,LDAMP)算法更低的复杂度,取得了比最小二乘算法、最小均方误差算法、FCDAMP和LDAMP更优的归一化均方误差（Normalized Mean Squared Error,NMSE）性能;与快速灵活去噪卷积神经网络(Fast and Flexible Denoising convolutional neural Network,FFDNet)相比虽然复杂度略高,但具有更优的NMSE性能,且在单一训练模型中获得了比FFDNet更宽的信噪比适用范围,增强了实用性。     

Blind downlink channel estimation for TDD‐based multiuser massive MIMO in the presence of nonlinear HPA

In time division duplex (TDD)‐based multiuser massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, the uplink channel is estimated and the results are used in downlink for signal detection. Owing to noisy uplink channel estimation, the downlink channel should also be estimated for accurate signal detection. Therefore, recently, a blind method was developed, which assumes the use of a linear high‐power amplifier (HPA) in the base station (BS). In this study, we extend this method to a scenario with a nonlinear HPA in the BS, where the Bussgang decomposition is used for HPA modeling. In the proposed method, the average power of the received signal for each user is a function of channel gain, large‐scale fading, and nonlinear distortion variance. Therefore, the channel gain is estimated, which is required for signal detection. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed theoretically. The simulation results show superior performance of the proposed method compared to that of the other methods in the literature.     

基于优化BM3D的毫米波大规模MIMO信道估计

针对毫米波大规模多入多出系统在射频链路数量有限时,波束域信道估计是一个有挑战性的问题,提出一种基于优化BM3D的信道估计方案。利用基于三维透镜的多入多出系统信道矩阵可被视为二维自然图像的结构特性,将图像重构技术融入信道估计。BM3D 是目前最精确的图像去噪算法之一,通过块匹配实现分组,利用三维变换域的收缩完成协同滤波。考虑信道的稀疏特性和路径的聚类特性,对BM3D算法进一步优化以提高性能。仿真结果表明,提出的优化BM3D方案在所有考虑的信噪比区域均能取得令人满意的信道估计精度。     

大规模MIMO系统中低复杂度的预编码改进算法

针对大规模MIMO系统中线性预编码包含复杂的大维矩阵求逆运算,从而产生较大系统开销这一问题,提出了一种低复杂度的基于区域选择初始解的RZF-GS预编码算法.该算法是在RZF预编码的基础上,用Gauss-Seidel迭代算法代替矩阵的求逆运算,并将通常的零初始解向量优化为基于区域选择初始解的向量.实验结果表明,该算法使系统整体的复杂度降低一个数量级,同时,与Neumann级数预编码和零初始解的RZF-GS预编码相比,该算法均明显加快了其收敛速率,用较少的迭代次数就能逼近经典RZF预编码的最优误码率性能.