含钒微合金钢的析出行为研究

在Johnson-Mehl-Avrami动力学方程的基础上,建立Fe-C-V-N合金体系中V(C,N)的析出动力学方程,研究了4种氮含量的低碳钒微合金钢(Fe-C0.05-V0.08)中V(C,N)的形核机制及在奥氏体中的析出过程。结果表明:V(C,N)主要形核位置在位错线上,平衡析出的鼻点温度在820℃左右,析出开始时间随氮含量的增大而减小。利用Gleeble-1 500D热力模拟试验机进行了应力松弛试验,根据曲线拟合得到的鼻点温度为850℃,将理论计算与试验值的差异缩小到30℃以内。     

钒 钛微合金钢的析出特征

采用透射电子显微镜对碳萃取复型样进行了观测。碳萃取复型样由不同轧制条件下热轧成10mm棒材的两种商用钒微合金钢和一种商用钛微合金钢制备。 钒或钛微合金钢中的铜含量约为0.13％时,即使钢中的锰含量大于1％,首先会生成硫化铜,而不生成硫化锰。在钛微合金钢中,除生成硫化铜外,还观测到Ti_4C_2S_2型的球状碳硫化钛。 对钒微合金钢使用透射电子显微镜显示出,在先共析铁素体中有很细小的析出物(≈5nm),经鉴别为M(C,N)型(M=V和Cr,V/Cr≈5)碳化物或碳氮化物。此外,还观测到一些较粗的颗粒(≈0.1μm,V/Cr>15时),可能是温度较高时,在奥氏体中生成的氮化钒或碳氮化钒。 在钛微合金钢中观察到粗大的氮化钛颗粒(>5μm)以及很细小的(≈5nm,Ti/Cr≈9)MC型(M=Ti和Cr)析出物,或较粗大的(≈0.1μm,Ti/Cr>30)碳化物颗粒。     

粒状贝氏体对10MnNiCr微合金钢力学性能的影响

10MnNiCr钢是一种高强度(σs≥440MPa)、高韧性和良好焊接性的低合金焊接结构钢。研究了粒状贝氏体组织对10MnNiCr钢力学性能的影响。结果表明，在连续冷却过程中形成的粒状贝氏体显著降低钢的低温韧性。通过回火处理使粒状贝氏体充分分解，可大幅度改善钢的冲击韧性。     

控轧控冷时Nb-V微合金钢中碳氮化物的析出行为

研究了Ｎｂ（ＣＮ）,Ｖ（ＣＮ）在控轧控冷不同阶段的析出行为,探讨了各阶段析出物在钢中的作用。结果表明,轧后冷却制度对碳氮化物的析出有较大影响。     

V含量对高铬合金钢组织与力学性能的影响

研究了V元素的添加对高铬合金钢的组织形貌、析出碳化物、洛氏硬度、抗冲击能力和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,合金钢组织中包含板条马氏体和少量碳化物,V的加入有利于细化合金钢的有效晶粒尺寸并增加大角度晶界密度。随着V的增加,组织中MC碳化物不断增加,同时C的消耗使M₇C₃碳化物细化、数量明显减少。细小MC碳化物的析出有利于阻碍位错的运动,使得合金钢的洛氏硬度有所提升。在抗冲击能力方面,V的加入极大提升了合金钢的室温冲击吸收功。在拉伸性能方面,随着V的加入,合金钢的屈服强度和抗强度都有明显提升。研究结果表明,V元素可以综合改善高铬合金钢的力学性能。     

多元微合金钢中的应变诱导复合析出

采用透射电子显微镜结合纳米束能谱技术,研究了含Nb,Ti,Mo等多种微合金元素的超低碳贝氏体钢在奥氏体非冉结晶区终轧后弛豫阶段的应变诱导析出行为.实验结果表明:经30%预变形后,在850℃和900℃等温弛豫时,钢中析出开始主要有纯Nb及Nb-Ti复合的两类,以后者为主.随弛豫时间延长,纯Nb型析出物消失,复合夹杂中铌钛比增加.弛豫阶段后期,Mo会以置换原子形式进入(Ti,Nb)(C,N)的面心立方晶格中,其量随弛豫时间的延长而增加.析出物形状以不规则外形为主,其密度及平均尺寸与变形温度和弛豫时间密切相关.     

低碳钒氮微合金钢中V(C,N)在奥氏体中的析出动力学

控制VN在奥氏体中的有效析出是利用VN诱导晶内铁素体细化铁素体晶粒的关键技术。采用应力松弛方法研究了低碳钒氮微合金钢中V(C,N)在奥氏体区的等温析出行为。结果表明：试验钢的析出-温度-时间曲线(PTT)呈典型的C形,本试验条件下析出开始时间最短的“鼻子”温度为870℃左右。钢中的碳、氮含量以及变形量对PTT曲线有较大影响,它们增加均使C曲线向左移,特别是氮含量对V(C,N)析出的影响最显著。在碳含量约为0．10％的试验钢中,当氮含量从0．0036％增加到0．0140％时,可使870℃的析出开始时间从400s缩短到70s左右。     

锰对微合金碳化物析出动力学的影响

本文应用合金热力学理论,计算并讨论了锰对微合金碳化物(vc)溶解度的影响,结果指出:锰增加微合金碳化物的溶解度。     

基于激光共聚焦显微镜模拟微合金钢连铸过程中第二相的析出行为

通过高温激光共聚焦显微镜模拟了微合金钢在不同冷却工艺下的凝固过程,并原位观察该过程样品表面的变化,探讨样品表面变化与第二相析出的关联性.研究结果表明:随着微合金钢钢液的凝固冷却,样品表面会出现细小浮凸;该浮凸出现的温度及分布位置与第二相的析出理论计算及透射电镜表征结果一致;通过原位观察该浮凸的产生,可间接表征第二相的析出,有利于分析第二相对基体组织演变的影响.     

一种Nb-Ti微合金钢微合金碳氮化物析出行为的研究

利用热模拟和TEM技术研究了Nb—Ti微合金钢中微合金碳氮化物的析出行为,研究结果表明,高温奥氏体区析出的微合金碳氮化物数量随变形量的增大而增加,尺寸随着变形温度的升高稍有增大。铁素体区析出的微合金碳氮化物尺寸比在形变奥氏体中析出的更为细小,数量随着保温时间的增加而增多,但尺寸变化不大;当温度较低的时候,微合金碳氮化物主要在位错线等晶内缺陷处析出。     

Influence of Holding Time After Deformation on Bainite Transformation in Niobium Microalloyed Steel

  Using Gleeble 1500 system, the influence of holding time on bainite transformation in deformed niobium microalloyed steel during continuous cooling was analyzed, and the carbides in upper bainite were also systematically researched. The results show that the occurrence of the static recrystallization decreases the amount of bainite with an increase in the holding time and the emergence of retained austenite (RA) with the longer holding time. Two types of carbides were observed in upper bainite with regard to their precipitation sites. They either existed between the bainite ferrite laths or co existed with RA. The formation mechanism of two kinds of carbides was analyzed by combining TEM micrographs with the model.     

Nb-Ti微合金钢热变形后组织演变及第二相粒子析出行为

利用GLEEBLE-2000对试验钢进行热模拟试验,并结合显微硬度测试,研究了一种Nb-Ti微合金钢热变形奥氏体的变形后冷却相变行为.利用JEM-2000FX电镜对碳膜萃取复型法获取的第二相析出物进行分析,从而对热变形后冷却相变中的第二相析出行为进行了研究,探讨了不同冷却速度对第二相析出的影响,结果表明,有大量弥散分布的细小粒子析出,析出相主要以Nb-Ti碳氮化物复合相形式存在,一般呈方形、椭圆形、圆形以及不规则形状,并且随着冷却速度的增加,第二相析出增多且变得细小.     

Mn-Mo-Nb-B低碳微合金钢的应变诱导析出

采用热模拟及透射电子显微镜结合纳米束能谱技术,研究了Mn-Mo-Nb-B系多元微合金钢奥氏体变形后等温过程中(松弛)的析出行为。实验结果表明:经变形后,在850℃和900℃保温过程中,Mn-Mo-Nb-B多元微合金钢析出颗粒尺寸在各个阶段均小于相同工艺下Nb-Ti钢中析出相的尺寸。统计结果显示,析出颗粒的尺寸均复合正态分布,并且峰位尺寸接近平均尺寸。析出相中Nb/Ti比随着松弛时间而增大。松弛阶段后期,Mo进入(Ti,Nb)(C,N)的晶格当中,其含量随着时间的延长而增加。     

Niobium Carbide Precipitation in Microalloyed Steel

The precipitation of niobium carbo‐nitrides in the austenite phase, interphase and ferrite phase of microalloyed steel was assessed by a critical literature review and a round table discussion. This work analyses the contribution of niobium carbide precipitates formed in ferrite in the precipitation hardening of commercially hot rolled strip. Thermodynamics and kinetics of niobium carbo‐nitride precipitation as well as the effect of deformation and temperature on the precipitation kinetics are discussed in various examples to determine the amount of niobium in solid solution that will be available for precipitation hardening after thermomechanical rolling in the austenite phase and successive phase transformation.     

P510L钒微合金化钢连续冷却转变特征

采用膨胀法测定了攀枝花新钢钒热轧板厂的高强度P510L钒微合金化钢的CCT曲线,采用金相显微镜分析不同冷速下的显微组织.分析发现,冷却速度较慢(低于10℃/s)时,得到的显微组织为比较粗大的铁素体 珠光体组织;中速冷却时,组织为比较细小均匀的铁素体 珠光体组织;快冷时(高于35℃/s)主要为贝氏体和铁素体组织.进一步采用扫描电镜分析P510L显微组织,发现大量钒的析出物,V(CN)析出物的形态为从球形至长方形,其大小为10～30 nm.     

Kinetics of Precipitation Behavior of Second Phase Particles in Ferritic Ti-Mo Microalloyed Steel

 Two types of stress relaxation tests were carried out to investigate the incubation time for incipient precipitation of Ti(C,N) in deformed austenite and (Ti,Mo)C in ferrite of ferritic Ti-Mo microalloyed steel. The size distribution, amount and chemical composition of precipitates were obtained by using physicochemical phase analysis, and calculated according to thermodynamics and kinetics. The experimental results demonstrated that the incubation time was reduced with increasing Ti content, and prolonged with the addition of Mo. After 30% deformation at 850 ℃, the nucleation of strain-induced Ti(C,N) was a relatively slow process. On the other hand, the temperature where the nucleation rate of (Ti,Mo)C in ferrite was the highest descended first and then ascended with increasing Ti content, and so did the temperature where the incubation time was the shortest. The key point is that the temperature of steel containing about 0. 09% Ti is the lowest. The mass fraction of MC-type particles with size smaller than 10 nm in steel containing 0. 09% Ti and 0. 2% Mo reached 73. 7%. The size distributions of precipitates in steel containing 0. 09% Ti were relatively concentrated compared with that in steel containing 0. 07% Ti.     

Computational Analysis of Precipitation during Continuous Casting of Microalloyed Steel

In this paper, the kinetics of TiN, V(C,N)) and AlN precipitation in microalloyed steel during continuous casting is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The precipitate phase fraction, mean radius, number density and composition are simulated with the thermo‐kinetic software MatCalc and compared with experimental results obtained from transmission electron microscopy analysis. A new methodology for modelling precipitation in cast steel is proposed, which consists of two parts: First, a Scheil – Gulliver simulation, which is carried out to obtain information on the amount of microsegregation during solidification. Then, based on this information, two precipitation kinetics simulations are performed: One with the chemical composition representative for the solute‐poor core of the secondary dendrite arms, the other with the composition of the residual liquid at a fraction of 5%, corresponding to the segregated solute‐rich interdendritic regions. The results of the computer simulations using the new methodology are in good agreement with experimental observation.     

Precipitation Kinetics on a Nb-V Microalloyed Steel

The precipitation kinetics in a low carbon high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel,microalloyed with V+Nb has been studied by using the stress relaxation method.This technique was carried out in a dynamic dilatometer and allows to determine the onset and finishing precipitation times in hot deformed austenite.The evolution of the precipitates was also observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) on samples quenched at different times at given temperatures.Discussion is completed with the predictions by the thermodynamic software FactSage to identify stable precipitate phases under equilibrium conditions.Results confirm the feasibility of the stress relaxation technique as an efficient method for investigating precipitation kinetics.