氯化炭黑的研制

本文研究氯化的反应温度,反应时间、氯气的流量与氯化炭黑氯含量的关系,得出了适宜的反应条件,反应温度１３０℃,反应时间１．５￣２小时,氯气的流量８ｃｍＨ２Ｏ柱。并对氯化反应后处理的方法作了比较。     

氯化聚氯乙烯系树脂的制备方法

提供加工性能优良且生产率高的CPVC的制备方法。在温度为60－100℃及无光照射下，将聚氯乙烯系聚合物水悬浮液进行氯化，反应器内氯气压力为0．01－0．3MPa时开始氯化反应，其后随着氯化反应进行，使反应器内的氯气压力升高。氯化反应终结时的氯分压为0．3－1MPa。     

氯化棉油酸甲酯的研究

棉油酸经氯化－酯化－蒸馏制得氯化棉油酸甲酯。采用正交实验法筛选出了此工艺的最佳工艺条件。棉油酸氯化最佳工艺条件：反应时间为３．５ｈ，催化剂用量为棉油酸重量的０．３％，反应温度为７０℃，通氯量（氯气与棉油酸的摩尔比）为２０：１。氯化棉油酸甲酯化最佳工艺条件：反应温度为１８０℃，催化剂用量为氯化棉油酸质量的２％，甲醉：氯化棉油酸＝１：２．０（ｍｏｌ），反应时间为４ｈ。在此条件下进行平行试验，精酯收率均在８０％以上。     

六氯铼酸钾的合成以及表征

Re粉与KCl混匀后用氯气高温氯化,制备六氯铼酸钾,研究了温度、氯气流量、接触面积等对产率的影响。结果表明,反应在温度为500℃,氯气流量为60 L/h时,反应产率最高,可达67.37%,纯度98%以上。     

用新溶剂法合成氯化石蜡-70的研究

用新溶剂法合成了氯化石蜡－７０，重点讨论了原料的配比，氯化温度、氯化液循环流量，光照强度对反应的影响，发现氯蜡－４２与溶剂的质量比为１：（２－２．５）、反应温度７０－８０℃、物料外循环流量４００－６００ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ、光强为７Ｗ时氯化效果最好，并同原四氯化碳溶剂工艺进行了技术经济比较，表明新工艺合理可行，且简化了原工艺，提高了产品质量。     

2,5—二甲氧基—4—氯硝基苯的合成研究

本文以对苯二酚为原料,经烷基化、氯化、硝经等合成步骤,得到中间体,２,５－二甲氧基－４－氯－硝基苯。此外,以氯气氯化方法作为研究重点,对各种影响反应的因素进行了讨论,并采用正交设计寻求氯气氯化的最佳条件,使产品的总收率达６６．６％。     

氯化石蜡－70的实验研究

以石蜡、氯气为主要原料，经预氯化、深度氯化、水洗、脱溶剂、蒸馏、粉碎等工序合成氯化石蜡－７０。经实验确定了最佳工艺条件：氯化温度为５５℃，溶剂ＣＣｌ－４：预氯化物＝３：１～４：１，深度氯化氯气流量为０．１５～０．２０１／ｈ。ＣＣｌ＿４可循环使用。产品质量达到同类产品先进水平。经用户实际应用，效果良好。     

工艺条件对丙酮高选择性一氯化反应的影响

采用填料塔作为氯化反应器,在塔内全回流的丙酮与氯气进行反应,实现了丙酮的高选择性一氯化。研究了水量及气速对一氯化选择性反应的影响。结果表明：水与丙酮体积比为１∶１５０时,产物中一氯丙酮的含量达到最大值;尽量低的通氯速率对避免重复氯化反应有利,在１７ｇ／ｈＣｌ２的条件下,所得产品中一氯丙酮的质量分数高达９３．８５％。另外,反应速度随氯气气速的增大而增大     

芳环上脱硝基氯化连续工艺的研究

研究了硝基芳烃脱硝基氯化反应的连续工艺。由2-氟-5-氯硝基苯、2,5-二氯硝基苯和邻硝基氯苯的连续脱硝基氯化反应分别制得2,4－二氯氟苯、1,2,4-三氯苯和邻二氯苯,收率达90％。讨论了硝基芳烃的结构、引发剂及其各类、反应温度和氯气流量等因素对连续工艺的影响。     

生产条件对氯蜡-52产品质量的影响

我厂采用催化氯化工艺、塔式反应器半连续操作方法生产氯蜡─52。通过对氯蜡─52氯化机理、产品性质和生产实际情况分析，发现氯气含水、氯化反应温度及脱气温度等生产条件对产品质量影响很大，现简介如如下：1氯气含水的影响（1）氯气含水偏高，容易腐蚀设备（如液氯汽化器，氯气缓冲罐等），并产生F33 ，而Fe3 被带入氯化反应器物料中，能降低氯化石蜡的热分解温度，促使氯化石蜡分解出HCl。（2）带水的氯气进入氯化塔，可使氯化反应生成的HCI的一部分以盐酸的形式存在于物料中，使氯错分解，且在脱气过程中．盐酸不易除净，使产品酸值…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。