低造价工程塑料板叠层橡胶隔震支座极限性能研究

采用短切纤维增强工程塑料板作为隔震支座的增强材料,制成低造价隔震支座。与传统隔震支座不同,选用的增强材料强度较低时,低造价隔震支座的极限性能由增强材料的强度控制,破坏形态主要体现为板材的断裂。为了研究该支座特有的破坏形态,进行了轴压和压剪状态的极限性能试验,结合ABAQUS有限元分析,研究不同受力状态下的破坏机理。结果表明:支座轴压的破坏形态为支座中部工程塑料板的断裂,在板材中部产生竖向裂缝,为加劲层拉应力引起的拉断;支座压剪状态下的破坏形态为封板及内部工程塑料板断裂,裂缝在截面上为X形分布,为剪切变形时"翘曲"作用引起的弯曲破坏。利用有限元分析对该支座进行参数优化,建立了不同橡胶层厚度、板厚度及板刚度的3种对比模型,结果表明,减小单层橡胶层厚度、增加板厚度有利于提高支座的极限性能,而提高板刚度则不利。同时,给出了支座性能最优的设计建议。     

高强度钢加劲板轴压承载性能研究

为研究Q420高强度钢加劲板轴压承载能力,针对不同截面尺寸的高强度钢加劲板进行了轴压模型试验,探讨了加劲板极限承载力、破坏模态、变形等性能,并建立三维实体弹塑性有限元模型,比较分析了残余应力及几何缺陷对加劲板承载性能的影响。研究结果表明:加劲板破坏形式为母板先于肋板失稳、肋板先于母板失稳两种形式。随着肋板相对回转半径的增大,破坏形式由母板先失稳向肋板先失稳转化;几何缺陷为极限承载力的主要影响因素;残余应力可降低承载力下降速率。     

板肋被加劲板受压局部稳定性能与计算方法

针对板肋加劲板局部失稳破坏模式的不同,建立不同宽厚比的板肋加劲板有限元模型进行局部稳定分析,研究不同失稳模式下板肋加劲板的受力机理与影响因素,同时采用三次多项式对四边简支板、构件中被加劲板的局部稳定折减系数进行非线性曲线拟合,并与各国规范曲线进行对比。研究发现：被加劲板局部失稳模型表现为被加劲板与板肋的面外多波失稳变形;残余压应力分布对两类失稳构件极限承载力的影响不大;局部缺陷对板肋失稳构件的影响较小,而对被加劲板失稳的影响较大。构件中被加劲板的拟合曲线更早出现折减,不同钢材强度的拟合曲线趋势基本一致,钢材强度越高,曲线越晚发生折减。对于不同强度的四边简支板公式曲线,当相对宽厚比超过0.79与0.80时,曲线高于我国与日本规范曲线;对于构件中被加劲板公式曲线,当相对宽厚比超过1.31与1.36时,曲线高于各国公式曲线。推荐采用四边简支板拟合的公式进行计算。     

发生畸变屈曲的纵向加劲板的受压试验

采用厚4.0mm,名义屈服应力为235.0MPa的中厚钢板制作板件,并分别设置不同刚度的纵向加劲肋,对此纵向加劲板进行受压破坏试验。对发生畸变屈曲或局部与畸变相关屈曲的纵向加劲板的受压极限承载力和性能进行试验和理论研究,结果表明:临界屈曲模式主要取决于纵向加劲肋的刚度和母板的宽厚比。对于某些加劲板,局部屈曲和畸变屈曲之间的相互作用非常明显。畸变屈曲构件和局部与畸变相关屈曲构件展示了较大的后屈曲强度。研究纵向加劲板的的畸变屈曲强度曲线。采用直接强度法提出设计强度简化公式,用于考虑纵向加劲板的畸变屈曲及局部与畸变相关屈曲。将强度曲线与试验和有限元结果对比,验证了曲线的正确性。通过试验研究,得出有关纵向加劲板的屈曲性能的一些结论。     

鞍板和环板加劲K形相贯节点承载力试验研究

为研究采用节点板、鞍板、环板加劲的K形相贯节点的受力特性,设计并制作了11个节点试件开展比例加载试验研究,得到其变形、应力分布及破坏模式等受力性能。利用经试验验证的有限元模型,分析了加劲组件和钢管参数对该类加劲相贯节点承载力的影响,并给出了受荷节点的力学模型。有限元分析和试验结果表明,该节点表现出无加劲相贯节点和带鞍板的管-板节点的受力特征,加劲构造能有效提高节点承载力。参数敏感性分析结果表明,增加支管和主管直径比、主管厚度、节点板长度和扇形鞍板圆心角可提高节点极限承载力。给出了极限承载力简化计算方法,计算结果和有限元分析及试验结果吻合较好。     

单向轴压下钢板洞口加固后的屈曲分析

研究单向轴压下开孔钢板的加固强度。四边简支方钢板中心有一个圆孔。主要讨论环形(Rs)、平形于钢板方向(Fs)、纵向(Ls)和横向(Ts)这4种类型加劲肋对钢板的弹性屈曲强度和弹塑性极限强度的影响。用有限元方法分析加固和未加固开孔钢板的弹性和弹塑性屈曲性能。结果显示:加固钢板的屈曲强度比未加固开孔钢板高;弹性屈曲强度和弹塑性极限强度的变化与加劲肋类型(例如:Rs、Fs、Ls和Ts)和板的几何尺寸(例如:板的长细比和开洞率)有关。此外,比较了不同的加劲肋重量对屈曲应力变化的影响,并给出单轴压力下中心开圆孔的方钢板最有效加固方法的做法。     

平面内压力和侧向压力组合作用下连续加劲铝板弹性屈曲和极限强度的敏感性分析

轴向挤压和不同量级的侧向压力作用下,运用非线性有限元法对高强铝合金加劲板进行后屈曲性能分析,并对研究结果进行了总结。分析中考虑了材料和几何非线性,几个关键的变量包括:板厚度;边界条件;加劲肋的几何特性,包括其几何缺陷;焊接中产生的热效应区域宽度和残余应力。对这些变量对此类加劲板后屈曲性能和极限强度的影响进行了详细的研究。     

板肋加劲板整体稳定数值模拟与受力机理研究

分别采用梁单元与板壳单元建立同时考虑初始几何缺陷和焊接残余应力的受压板肋加劲板整体稳定分析有限元模型,并以相应试验结果进行验证,得到梁与板壳单元模拟受压板肋加劲板整体稳定的异同。采用经验证的数值模拟方法,对不同弯曲失稳方向板肋加劲板的受力机理进行了研究。结果表明:采用板壳单元可以较好还原板肋加劲板整体稳定受力性能,板壳有限元模型与试验试件的承载力最大相对误差为4.2%,平均相对误差为1.48%; 梁单元模型与长(中长)柱试验试件的承载力最大相对误差为5.4%,平均相对误差为1.92%,与短柱试件的承载力相对误差虽仅为0.7%,但由于不能考虑板件发生的塑性失稳,其应力-位移曲线拟合情况相对较差; 不同弯曲失稳方向板肋加劲板整体稳定构件的破坏特征不同,其中对于板肋侧弯曲的板肋加劲板整体稳定构件,被加劲板边缘部分受压达到材料屈服强度且板肋边缘受拉达到屈服强度时,构件整体达到其承载极限; 对于被加劲板侧弯曲的板肋加劲板整体稳定构件,当板肋边缘部分受压达到材料屈服强度时,构件整体达到其承载极限; 对于实际工程中组成钢箱梁顶板的板肋加劲板,制作时应避免朝向板肋侧的变形。     

正交异性闭口加劲板的承载力分析理论及试验研究

加劲板的局部稳定是正交异性扁平钢箱梁结构设计中的一个关键问题,我国桥梁设计规范没有这方面的规定。为了解决正交异性扁平钢箱梁结构中闭口加劲板的稳定极限承载力计算问题,以适应我国目前钢桥应用日益广泛的需要,在总结中外学者研究成果和国内外设计规范的基础上,提出一种计算闭口加劲板稳定承载力的计算理论,该理论计入材料非线性、几何非线性、初始几何缺陷、焊接残余应力等4种不利影响,并对加劲板结构的初始几何缺陷大小的取值以及残余应力分布模式进行讨论。为了验证理论的正确性、把握闭口加劲板结构的屈曲特性,设计3种不同结构布置的6块闭口加劲板结构进行稳定承载力模型试验,得到加劲板的破坏形态、极限荷载大小以及荷载-位移关系曲线。试验结果与理论分析结果吻合较好,这表明该理论可用于对闭口加劲板的极限承载力计算。     

钢管混凝土加劲环管板节点受力性能研究

为研究钢管混凝土加劲环管板节点在轴向拉力作用下的受力性能,开展了3个节点试件的单调加载试验,分别得到了管板节点加强前后的荷载-位移曲线和破坏模式。试验结果表明：SPR节点在单调荷载作用下主管和加劲环发生局部屈曲,表现为延性破坏;CFT节点在荷载作用下主管壁发生剪切破坏,荷载-位移曲线没有明显的屈服段,表现为脆性破坏;CFTR节点在荷载作用下,连接板处加劲环发生剪切破坏,同时加劲环局部V形屈曲;加劲环能够明显提高管板节点的承载力,同时改善节点的塑性性能;相较于主管外设加劲环,主管内部填充混凝土具有更好的承载力提升效果,节点的刚度变大但塑性性能变差;钢管混凝土加劲环管板节点具有加劲环和混凝土的双重特性,在显著提高节点承载力的同时保障节点塑性性能。在264个有限元模型参数分析的基础上,得到了双加劲环管板节点受拉承载力的计算方法,给出了加劲环厚度和宽度组合的设计建议。基于极限分析的塑性铰线方法,推导出SP节点和SPR节点极限承载力的理论计算模型,计算结果与有限元结果吻合较好。     

Ultimate shear strength of intact and cracked stiffened panels

The present paper focuses on the ultimate shear strength analysis of intact and cracked stiffened panels. Several potential parameters influencing the ultimate shear strength of intact panels are discussed, including the patterns and amplitudes of initial deflection, the slenderness and aspect ratios of the plates, and the boundary conditions defined by the torsional stiffness of support members. An empirical formula for the ultimate shear strength of intact stiffened panels is proposed based on parametric nonlinear finite element analyses in ANSYS. Furthermore, the ultimate shear strength characteristics of cracked stiffened panels are investigated in LS-DYNA with the implicit method. Three types of cracks are considered, namely vertical crack, horizontal crack and angular crack. A simplified method is put forward to calculate the equivalent crack length. And the formula for the ultimate shear strength of cracked stiffened panels is derived on the basis of the formula for intact stiffened panels.     

平面内压力和侧向压力组合作用下预测连续加劲铝板极限强度的经验公式

在对连续加劲铝板屈曲和极限强度的敏感性研究基础之上,对压力作用下的铝板进行了深入研究。开发了一个经验公式,用于预测海洋工程中采用焊接加劲铝板在平面内轴压和各种侧向压力作用下的极限抗压强度。极限抗压强度的计算利用了一些的铝板敏感性分析的相关数据,推导出来的公式中含有两个参数,分别是板长细比和柱(加劲肋)长细比。推导过程中也用到了回归分析。公式考虑了焊接对初始缺陷和热影响区的影响。     

Ultimate strength formulations for stiffened panels under combined axial load, in-plane bending and lateral pressure: a benchmark study

This paper develops advanced, yet design-oriented ultimate strength expressions for stiffened panels subject to combined axial load, in-plane bending and lateral pressure. The collapse patterns of a stiffened panel are classified into six groups. It is considered that the collapse of the stiffened panel occurs at the lowest value among the various ultimate loads calculated for each of the collapse patterns. The panel ultimate strengths for all potential collapse modes are calculated separately, and are then compared to find the minimum value which is then taken to correspond to the real panel ultimate strength. The post-weld initial imperfections (initial deflection and residual stress) are included in the developed panel ultimate strength formulations as parameters of influence. The validity of the developed formula is confirmed by comparing with the mechanical collapse tests and nonlinear FEA. A comparison of the present method is also made with theoretical solutions from the Det Norske Veritas classification society design guideline. Important insights developed are summarized.     

Empirical formulations for estimation of ultimate strength of continuous stiffened aluminium plates under combined in-plane compression and lateral pressure

The present research was undertaken based on the results obtained by the same authors in a sensitivity study on the buckling and ultimate strength of continuous stiffened aluminium plates. Empirical expressions are developed for predicting ultimate compressive strength of welded stiffened aluminium plates used in marine applications under combined in-plane axial compression and different levels of lateral pressure. Existing data of the ultimate compressive strength for stiffened aluminium plates numerically obtained by the authors through the previously performed sensitivity analysis are used for deriving formulations that are expressed as functions of two parameters, namely the plate slenderness ratio and the column (stiffener) slenderness ratio. Regression analysis is used in order to derive the empirical formulations. The formulae implicitly include effects of the weld on initial imperfections, and the heat-affected zone.     

Validation of the equivalent plate thickness approach for ultimate strength analysis of stiffened panels with non-uniform plate thickness

The stiffened plate structures in ships and ship-shaped offshore installations often consist of non-uniform plate thicknesses. Nonlinear finite element methods are usually employed to predict structural strength for such panels. However, the introduction of non-uniform plate thicknesses renders such calculations difficult when analytical methods and design equations are used. The authors have suggested an equivalent plate thickness method that is based on the weighted average approach to analyse the strength of stiffened panels with non-uniform plate thicknesses. In the present paper, the validity of the equivalent plate thickness method to the ultimate strength analysis of stiffened panels with non-uniform plate thicknesses is checked through nonlinear finite element method computations. It is concluded that the equivalent plate thickness method is accurate for the panel ultimate strength analysis under combined biaxial compression and lateral pressure loads.     

Large deflection orthotropic plate approach to develop ultimate strength formulations for stiffened panels under combined biaxial compression/tension and lateral pressure

This paper uses the large deflection orthotropic plate approach to develop the ultimate strength formulations for steel stiffened panels under combined biaxial compression/tension and lateral pressure loads, considering the overall (grillage) buckling collapse mode. The object panel has a number of one-sided small stiffeners in either one or both orthogonal directions. The stiffened panel is then modeled as an equivalent orthotropic plate, for which the various elastic constants characterizing structural orthotropy are determined in a consistent systematic manner using classical theory of elasticity. The panel edges are considered to be simply supported. The influence of initial deflections is taken into account. The membrane stress distribution inside the panel under combined uniaxial loading (in either longitudinal or transverse direction) and lateral pressure is analyzed by solving the nonlinear governing differential equations of large deflection orthotropic plate theory. It is presumed that the panel collapses when the most highly stressed boundary location yields, resulting in closed-form expressions for the ultimate strength of the stiffened panel. Based on the insights previously developed through numerical studies, the panel ultimate strength interaction formulation between biaxial loads, with lateral pressure regarded as a secondary load component is then proposed as a relevant combination of the two sets of panel ultimate strength formulations, i.e. one for combined longitudinal axial load and lateral pressure and the other for combined transverse axial load and lateral pressure. The validity of the proposed ultimate strength formulations is verified by a comparison with nonlinear finite element and other numerical solutions.     

主方支圆内隔板加劲T型节点破坏模式研究

根据箱型柱加劲隔板的构造,提出主方支圆T型管节点采用内隔板进行加劲的措施。通过T型节点静力加载试验,揭示合理的构造措施将使得加劲节点表现为内隔板首先塑性破坏、继而发展至主管上翼缘塑性破坏的模式,加劲节点的极限承载力提高明显,而且具有良好的延性。利用非线性有限元分析,探讨T型节点单内隔板和双内隔板加劲的构造措施、节点破坏...     

Compressive tests on stiffened panels of intermediate slenderness

Test results are presented of eight stiffened panels subjected to axial compression until collapse and beyond. The specimens are three-bay stiffened panels with associated plate made of very high tensile steel S690. The use of this very high strength steel led to the unconventional solution of using U stiffeners and this paper aims at understanding the difference of performance of this stiffener type as compared with the conventional ones. Four different configurations are considered for the stiffeners, which are made of mild or high tensile steel for bar stiffeners and mild steel for ‘L’ and ‘U’ stiffeners. The influence of the stiffener's geometry on the ultimate strength of the stiffened panels under compression is analyzed.     

Buckling and ultimate strength criteria of stiffened shells under combined loading for reliability analysis

The work presented in this paper forms part of a broader task in establishing a guide to serve as technical documentation for buckling and ultimate strength assessment of various types of marine structural components using the best state-of-the-art knowledge for extreme environmental loading. This paper concentrates on buckling and ultimate strength assessment of ring stiffened shells and ring and stringer stiffened shells involving various modes of buckling and under various loading like axial compression, radial pressure and combined loading. Comparisons are made with screened test data, which have realistic imperfections and various radius to thickness ratio values in the range generally used in offshore structures. The statistical data of model uncertainty factors in terms of bias and coefficient of variation (COV) are calculated and may be used in a further reliability study. Comparisons are also made with the codified rules, API BUL 2U and DNV buckling strength of shells.     

局部和整体弯曲下加劲板半解析大挠度分析中的强度标准

为预测任意加劲板的极限强度,研究了可能应用于半解析方法的多种强度准则。以评估强度准则在预测平面内加载（局部和整体弯曲）下的板极限强度的适用性。利用大挠度理论和Rayleigh-Ritz方法来求解平衡方程,得到后屈曲作用下薄板的残余强度。将计算结果与具有不同板尺寸及各种规则和不规则布置的加劲肋的非线性有限元分析的结果进行对比。结果发现,在板和加劲肋的标准组合下,两者具有良好的一致性。当采用这种准则时,按所提出的求解方法可以进行非常有效而且准确的计算。