激光淬火工艺参数对HT210淬硬层深及硬度的影响

利用正交试验法分析了多道次激光淬火试验,研究了激光淬火工艺参数对灰铸铁淬硬层深及表面硬度的影响。试验结果表明,搭接宽度影响的是淬硬层的平均层深和硬度,对最大层深和最大硬度没有明显的影响;扫描速度增大,淬硬层深和硬度都会降低,当激光功率过大时,试样表面淬火区会熔化、出现裂纹,硬度会比未完全熔化的试样高;激光功率增大,淬硬层深和硬度都会升高,扫描速度较低时,激光功率的变化对淬硬层深及硬度的影响更为明显。     

30CrNi2MoVA钢激光相变硬化技术

研究了30CrNi2MoVA钢激光淬火后淬硬层微观结构特征及工艺参数对硬化层深度和硬度的影响。结果表明,激光淬火硬化层依其组织特征,分为完全淬硬层、过渡层和热影响层;硬化层深度随着激光功率的升高和扫描速度的减小而逐渐增加,表面硬度则存在一个极大值。     

40CrNiMoA钢激光相变硬化技术

研究了40CrNiMoA钢激光淬火工艺参数与硬化层深度及硬度之间的相互关系，以及淬硬层微观结构特征。结果表明，随着光斑扫描速度的提高，硬化层深度降低，表面硬度存在一个极大值；随着激光功率的升高，硬化层深度增加，表面硬度也存在一个极大值，激光淬火硬化层依其组织特征，分为完全淬硬区，过渡区及高温回火区。     

光纤激光淬火对凸轮用45钢表面磨损性能的影响

为了提升凸轮表面耐磨性,采用YLS-4000型光纤激光器通过不同的激光功率对基体材料45钢表面进行激光淬火。通过SEM观察激光淬火前后材料表面和界面形貌,金相显微镜观察组织形貌,通过HVS-1000A型显微硬度仪测试了试样表面硬度,并测试了试样的摩擦因数和磨损形貌。结果表明:淬火层界面显微组织为淬火马氏体及少量残余奥氏体,在激光功率1 000~1 800 W时分别获得淬硬层深度为0.3~0.8mm的单道热影响区;淬硬层硬度分布基本均匀,平均硬度约为547~765HV,比基体硬度提高了2~3倍,激光淬火后组织细化和形成大量马氏体是硬度提高的主要原因;在一定激光功率范围内(1 200~1 800 W),激光淬硬层的抗磨损性能比基体有较大的提升,且当激光功率为1 600 W时能获得最佳的磨损性能。     

40Cr钢激光表面淬火显微组织分析

进行了40Cr钢的激光表面淬火试验,观察分析了激光淬硬层的显微组织。试验结果表明:激光淬火预处理可在试验用钢40Cr表面获得0.55～0.65 mm的淬硬层深,激光淬硬层主要由完全淬火区、不完全淬火区与未淬火基材交界区组成。     

42CrMo钢激光-感应复合淬火淬硬层几何特征及组织研究

采用激光-感应复合淬火的新工艺,将激光和电磁感应两种热源复合提高42CrMo钢激光淬火的淬硬层深度和均匀性。利用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5软件对42CrMo复合淬火过程中温度场的演变过程进行分析,通过淬火实验对模型进行了验证,淬硬层深度模拟值与实验值一致性较高。采用该模型,比较了复合淬火与单一激光和单一感应淬火在同工艺下淬硬层的表面温度和深度,分析了不同扫描速度和激光光斑尺寸对淬硬层深度的影响。通过实验对复合淬火的淬硬层深度、硬度、晶粒大小和显微组织进行分析。结果表明,激光-感应复合淬火可以有效提高试样的表面淬火温度,提高淬硬层宽度和深度,弥补单一激光淬火功率不足的缺点,通过模型预测了复合淬火最优扫描速度和光斑尺寸。相较于两种单一淬火,复合淬火的晶粒度和显微组织形态在深度方向上的变化趋势与激光淬火相似,且具有更高的淬硬层平均硬度。     

T10钢激光相变硬化的组织与性能研究

采用激光相变硬化工艺对T10钢表面进行改性处理,并对改性后的组织与性能进行研究.结果表明,硬化区组织为针状马氏体 少量残余奥氏体;热影响区组织为少量针状马氏体 珠光体 网状渗碳体;基材组织为珠光体 网状渗碳体.淬硬层表面的洛氏硬度最高值为63.5HRC,淬硬层内的显微硬度分布均匀,从硬化IX---,热影响区-基材显微硬度呈梯度变化.激光相变硬化后淬硬层耐磨性比常规淬火后耐磨性提高10%左右.     

激光淬火对调质预处理Cr12MoV钢组织及性能的影响

为改善Cr12MoV钢的表面组织并提高硬度,采用不同的工艺参数对调质预处理的Cr12MoV钢进行表面激光淬火,并对其显微组织、淬硬层深度以及硬度进行表征。结果表明:当激光功率为1 000 W,淬火速度为4 mm/s时,Cr12MoV钢表面有效淬硬层约为0.6 mm,表面硬度相对于调质预处理态提高了47.8%,为66.5 HRC。     

G95Cr18 高碳铬不锈钢的激光淬火

G95Cr18 钢是一种可用于制造轴承的高碳铬不锈钢,淬火后可获得较高的硬度和良好的耐磨性。对尺寸为φ200 mm×15 mm的G95Cr18钢试样,采用固态激光器以17 mm/s的扫描速度和800W、1 200 W和1 600 W的功率进行了激光淬火。检测了试样的表面硬度、硬化层深度和硬度梯度及显微组织。结果表明:经激光淬火的G95Cr18钢试样硬化层最高硬度可达约752 HV0.1,比经真空油淬的硬度615 HV0.1提高了约22.3%;以1 600 W功率激光淬火的G95Cr18 钢试样硬化层由熔融柱状晶区、等轴晶区和淬硬区组成。     

激光淬火对调质预处理Cr12MoV钢组织及性能的影响

为改善Cr12MoV钢的表面组织并提高硬度,采用不同的工艺参数对调质预处理的Cr12MoV钢进行表面激光淬火,并对其显微组织、淬硬层深度以及硬度进行表征.结果表明:当激光功率为1 000 W,淬火速度为4 mm/s时,Cr12MoV钢表面有效淬硬层约为0.6 mm,表面硬度相对于调质预处理态提高了47.8％,为66.5 HRC.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.