气化剂对气流床煤气化炉性能的影响

为研究不同的气化剂组合对气流床煤气化炉性能的影响,针对我国具有自主知识产权的两段式干煤粉气化炉进行了数值模拟研究。利用所建立的数学模型,分析了典型工况下炉膛内部温度及组分的变化规律,并详细讨论不同气化剂对气化过程、煤气成分及气化效率的影响规律。结果表明：炉膛温度随着高度的增加逐渐降低,这与化学反应过程有关;在所讨论的四种气化剂组合中,气化剂为O2／H2O或O2／CO2时气化效率较高,气化剂为空气时气化效率最低,且煤气品质较差。     

基于CPFD方法的气流床气化炉三维数值模拟

基于计算颗粒流体力学(CPFD)方法,对工业级别的高压顶置单喷嘴结构的航天炉进行了三维数值模拟,通过模拟分析了气化剂旋流、煤粉进料均匀性等影响因素对气化过程的影响,模拟了炉膛中从煤粉开始投料到稳定运行的动态变化过程,体现了气化炉中颗粒的流动状态和气化特征.计算结果与工业实际运行参数吻合较好,表明CPFD方法可以较好地模...     

生物质烘焙预处理对气流床气化的影响

为考查生物质在烘焙预处理过程中的能量产率和颗粒研磨变化规律及对气流床气化总体效率的影响情况,在一套小型烘焙试验台上,对4种不同种类的生物质进行烘焙试验,并对固体产物研磨后进行粒径分析.最后通过小型生物质气流床进行气化试验.结果表明:生物质的能量密度随着烘焙温度的提高而升高,其中,中温烘焙(～250℃)能获得较好的固体和能量产率,减少能量损失;烘焙温度是烘焙过程中最重要的影响因素;烘焙可减少生物质研磨时的电耗,使其易磨;气流床气化试验中,烘焙生物质能够改善煤气成分,提高气化的总体效率.总之,在生物质气流床气化过程中,烘焙预处理能为生物质的粒径减小和随后的大规模利用提供了-个良好的解决途径.     

高灰熔点煤加压气流床气化特性

在25 kg/h规模的沉降式加压气流床气化实验装置上,研究了高灰熔点煤种在固态排渣温度范围内的气化特性及灰渣熔融特性.结果表明,气化温度、碳转化率均随O/C物质的量比的增加而增加,冷煤气效率则随O/C物质的量比的增加旱现先增大后减小的变换规律;本实验条件下,最佳O/C物质的量比在1.0～1.2之间,此时冷煤气效率达最大值(42%左右),相应碳转化率为90%;对最佳工况下气化炉底部、旋风分离器和布袋除尘器内的灰渣进行SEM分析表明,该工况下气化炉底部、旋风分离器内的灰渣在整体上仍以固态形式存在,只是有部分低熔融成分发生熔融,其熔融部分的粒径在数微米左右,而布袋除尘器内的灰渣没有发生熔融现象.     

氧煤比对气流床煤气化过程的影响

为研究氧煤比对气流床煤气化炉气化过程的影响,对某厂运行的Texaco气化炉进行了数值模拟研究。利用所建立的数学模型,分析了Texaco气化炉内的气化过程,以及氧煤比对炉内温度、气相成分及炉膛出口合成气成分的影响规律。结果表明:Texaco气化炉内下行火焰的长度约占气化炉高度的1/3,炉膛上部火焰高度区域内气相温度及主要成分浓度的变化梯度最大,而在炉膛下部气相成分及温度的变化均不明显;随着氧煤比的增大(0.95~1.10),气化炉出口合成气有效成分(H2+CO)浓度逐渐降低,CO2和H2O的浓度及气化炉内气相温度逐渐升高;在保证顺利排渣和合适的出口合成气成分的条件下,存在一个最佳氧煤比。     

集热棚高度对太阳能热气流发电性能的影响

以内蒙古乌海金沙湾太阳能烟囱热气流发电站为研究对象,应用ANSYS-Fluent软件对电站系统进行了稳态数值计算,模拟不同集热棚高度下系统内部流场和压力场的分布规律。模拟结果的对比分析显示,对该电站而言,集热棚高度以6⁸ m为宜。     

基于ASPEN PLUS模拟生物质气流床气化工艺过程

基于ASPEN PLUS模拟平台,对热解后半焦气化与生物质原料直接气化分别进行了模拟计算,得出如下结论:热解方法作为生物质气流床气化工艺的前处理手段是可行的。热解终温为300℃时对气流床气化是最合适的;O/C摩尔比在0.9～1.1之间比较合适;气化温度和碳转化率随着O/C摩尔比的增加而升高;对于300℃半焦进行气化,空气温度预热到550℃比较合适,气化温度可达到1056℃,煤气热值可达到5958kJ/Nm~3,碳转化率也可达到99.59%。     

干煤粉加压气流床气化试验研究

介绍了36t/d加压气流床气化中试装置主要设备、工艺流程及工艺条件的选择,并给出试验研究中多个煤种在气化压力3.0MPa、投干粉煤量1t/h条件下取得的主要试验数据。从试验数据看出,干法气化指标明显优于水煤浆气化,主要是CO2含量低,有效成分(CO H2)含量高(均大于89%),证明了干煤粉气化的优越性。试验结果基本达到预期目的,积累了干粉煤气流床气化数据。     

气流床气化炉内气体浓度的分布规律

常压条件下,在两喷嘴对置热模试验平台上,对含碳化合物(柴油)的气化过程进行了试验研究.在不同的氧油比条件下,用水冷不锈钢取样探头在炉内3个轴向位置和合成气出口位置取样,气体经预处理系统后,用质谱仪分析主要气体(O2、CO2、CO、H2和CH4)的体积分数.研究了不同试验条件下的气化炉升温过程,以及稳定工况下气化炉内不同径向位置气体分布规律.结果表明,喷嘴平面附近,升温速率以1 000℃为界限,明显地分为两个线性区,CH4体积分数可作为指示气化炉温度的指标.最佳氧油比为0.90～1.20 m3/kg左右.     

不同气化剂下海藻粉在气流床下气化特性试验研究

为考察O2/水蒸气和O2/CO2作为气化剂对海藻粉气化特性的影响,在自制的小型生物质气流床气化炉上开展海藻粉在气流床下气化特性试验研究。当氧气/生物质比（O/B）为0.3、气化温度为1200℃时,不同水蒸气/生物质比（S/B=0～1.2）对合成气组成有较大影响,其中H2产量的上升趋势最为明显,S/B=1.2时比单纯氧气气化提高了81.4%。而在O2/CO2气化条件下,由生物质产生的CO2随二氧化碳/生物质比（CO2/B）的增加而下降,当CO2/B=0.9时,H2、CO的产量分别比单纯氧气气化提高了33.9%和75.8%,热值由5521 kJ/m3上升至8576 kJ/m3。结果表明,如果以提高热值为制取合成气的目标时,添加CO2在一定范围内可以达到水蒸气的效果,同时降低了系统能耗及简化了气化设备。     

An Eulerian model for the simulation of an entrained flow coal gasifier

A numerical model is used to simulate the gasification of coal inside an entrained flow gasifier. The model is based on the Eulerian–Eulerian concept. Both gas and particulate phases conservation Eulerian equations are solved. The model used includes the coal particle processes, such as drying, volatilization, heterogeneous reactions of combustion and gasification, particle drag and turbulent dispersion, as well as heat-up.The model is applied to the investigation of the gasification of coal in a commercial entrained flow gasifier, from which experimental data is available. The results obtained show good agreement for both the main and minor species, and temperature.     

煤质对水煤浆气化性能的影响研究

煤质与气流床气化炉的匹配性至关重要,其不但影响气化炉的运行条件,也影响气化性能。本文选择了10种来自新疆和陕西北部的煤样进行了工业分析、元素分析、灰组成分析、灰熔点分析以及成浆性测试,并筛选出适合水煤浆气化的煤样。同时借助Aspen Plus软件对适合水煤浆气化的煤样在相同的煤浆浓度、碳转化率及操作压力条件下开展煤质对水煤浆气化性能影响的模拟分析。结果表明煤中灰含量越高,冷煤气效率和有效气含量越低,比氧耗和比煤耗越高;煤中O/C质量比和H/C质量比的增加也会导致冷煤气效率和有效气含量降低,比氧耗和比煤耗增加。因此从水煤浆气化经济性考虑,建议水煤浆气化煤质灰含量小于9.0wt%,煤中O/C质量比小于0.173,H/C质量比小于0.065。     

IGCC气流床气化炉温度的模糊PID控制

针对气化炉温度控制系统中传统PID控制不够理想的问题,提出了PID控制与模糊控制相结合的控制策略.通过将模糊控制和PID控制结合在一起,实现了两种控制方法的优势互补.仿真表明,系统响应速度和稳态精度都得到了提高.     

两级下吸式生物质气化炉气化性能的研究

在自行设计的两级下吸式生物质气化炉中,研究了空气当量比(ER)对气体组成、气体热值、气化效率以及焦油含量的影响。试验结果表明,该新型两级气化炉能够产生焦油含量较低的燃气;在空气预热的条件下,焦油含量更低,可达238 mg/m3。该新型两级气化炉的最佳ER为0.33~0.35,当ER=0.34时,气化气低位热值(LHV)最高为4 409 kJ/m3,气化效率为63.7%,焦油含量低于300 mg/m3。     

Effect of turbulence and devolatilization models on coal gasification simulation in an entrained-flow gasifier

Numerical simulations of the oxygen-blown coal gasification process inside a generic entrained-flow gasifier are carried out. The Eulerian–Lagrangian approach is applied to solve the Navier–Stokes equations and the particle dynamics. Seven species transport equations are solved with three heterogeneous global reactions and two homogeneous reactions. Finite rates are used for the heterogeneous solid-to-gas reactions. Both finite rate and eddy-dissipation combustion models are calculated for each homogeneous gas-to-gas reaction, and the smaller of the two rates is used. Four different devolatilization models are employed and compared. The Kobayashi model produces slower devolatilization rate than the other models. The constant rate model produces the fastest devolatilization rate. The single rate model and the chemical percolation model produce moderate and consistent devolatilization rate. Slower devolatilization rate produces higher exit gas temperature and higher CO and CO₂ mass fractions, but lower H₂ and heating value, and hence, achieves lower gasification efficiency. Combustion of volatiles is modeled with two-stage global reactions with an intermediate stage via benzene.Turbulence models significantly affect the simulated results. Among five turbulence models employed, the standard k–ε and the RSM models give consistent results. The time scale for employing stochastic time tracking of particles also affects simulated result. Caution has to be exerted to select the appropriate time constant value. Smaller particles have a higher surface/volume ratio and react faster than larger particles. However, large particles possessing higher inertia could impinge on the opposing jet and change the thermal-flow filed and the reaction rates.     

Effect of gasification agent on the performance of solid oxide fuel cell and biomass gasification systems

In this paper, an integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and biomass gasification system is modeled to study the effect of gasification agent (air, enriched oxygen and steam) on its performance. In the present modeling, a heat transfer model for SOFC and thermodynamic models for the rest of the components are used. In addition, exergy balances are written for the system components. The results show that using steam as the gasification agent yields the highest electrical efficiency (41.8%), power-to-heat ratio (4.649), and exergetic efficiency (39.1%), but the lowest fuel utilization efficiency (50.8%). In addition, the exergy destruction is found to be the highest at the gasifier for the air and enriched oxygen gasification cases and the heat exchanger that supplies heat to the air entering the SOFC for the steam gasification case.     

Co‐gasification performance of coal and petroleum coke blends in a pilot‐scale pressurized entrained‐flow gasifier

Co‐gasification performance of coal and petroleum coke (petcoke) blends in a pilot‐scale pressurized entrained‐flow gasifier was studied experimentally. Two different coals, including a subbituminous coal (Coal A) and a bituminous coal (Coal B), individually blended with a petcoke in the gasifier were considered. The experimental results suggested that, when the petcoke was mixed with Coal A over 70%, the slagging problem, which could shorten the operational period due to high ash content in the coal, was improved. It was found that increasing O₂/C tended to decrease the syngas concentration and better operational conditions of O₂/C were between 0.6 and 0.65 Nm³ kg^?1. For the blends of Coal B and the petcoke, the slagging problem was encountered no more, as a result of low ash content in both Coal B and the petcoke. The better co‐gasification performance could be achieved if the blending ratio of the two fuels was 50%, perhaps resulting from the synergistic effect of the blends. With the aforementioned blending ratio, the optimal condition of O₂/C was located at around 0.65 Nm³ kg^?1. The co‐gasification was also simulated using Aspen Plus. It revealed that the simulation could provide a useful insight into the practical operation of co‐gasification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of a high‐temperature two‐stage entrained flow gasifier model for the process of biomass gasification and syngas formation

This paper presents development of the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) gasifier utilizing an analogy between a model with coal feedstock and the model with torrefied woody biomass. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was primarily developed for coal gasification, and the simulation results were validated with similar published work and experimental measurements. The model was extended for the woody biomass to predict the gasifier performance under the gasification process. The results were used to compare the effect of fuel type on the gasifier performance and gaseous product compositions. The second‐level injection nozzles were modified tangentially, and the flow characteristics, species yields, and temperature were evaluated. The possibility of reducing the gasifier length from 13 to 8 m is also evaluated for different total length. The results revealed that using woody biomass leads to a decrease in the mole fraction of CO and H₂ at the gasifier outlet compared with coal. An opposite trend was observed for CO₂ and CH₄ compositions. The contributions of modified second‐level nozzles to the total gas composition and exit temperature only account for less than 3%. Reducing the gasifier length from 13 to 8 m increased the exit temperature from 1289 to 1340 K, but the changes in the exit gas composition were less than 2%. The new design of the MHI gasifier can reduce the investment costs by reducing the gasifier length as well as using biomass instead of coal.