基于多旋翼无人机GPS坐标计算的树障面积快速测定法

为了快速测定树障环境下的任意多边形的面积,提出了基于多旋翼无人机GPS坐标计算的树障面积快速测定法。该方法通过无人机定位取点并选取待测区域外任意一点与多边形各顶点相连接形成多个三角形来计算任意多边形的面积,并在此基础上开发出了一款面积测量软件——无人机面积测量软件1.0。实地面积测量结果表明,该方法能够快速的对指定区域进行面积测量且相对误差精度可达到95%以上。     

C-V模型与工业CT相结合的几何测量方法

针对工业生产中复杂封闭内腔几何尺寸很难测量的问题,提出一种基于C-V模型的工业CT几何测量方法.首先利用C-V模型提取目标边缘坐标点的有序链码,然后利用Green定理和欧氏距离公式计算目标区域的面积和周长.在提取目标边缘坐标点的步骤中,把边缘灰度先验知识融入C-V模型以提高测量精度;在计算目标区域的面积和周长的过程中,合理地选择目标边缘有序坐标点和插值有序坐标点,再一次提高几何测量精度.实验结果表明,与2DFacet模型测量方法相比,文中方法测量精度约提高1个数量级;并已将该方法应用于实际中.     

产品世界

GPS全球定位技术在铁路线路控制测量中的应用 该成果对GPS(卫星定位系统)在铁路线路、桥梁、隧道工程测量中的应用,包括铁路GPS测量精度分级、测量方案、点位选择、布网设计、重合点配置及数据处理等方面进行了研究,提出了用于GPS高程转换的“高程异常变化递度非参数回归法”和“双B样条函数拟合法”两种新方法,编制了用于铁路工程测量GPS数据处理的坐标转换、高程处理软件和《GPS作业细则》。总结出了在铁路线路控制测量中应用GPS技术的工作模式、应用方法和技术条件。该成果已在西安—安康线、侯丹线、南京线测量中应用,工效提高10倍以上,勘测成本节省90％,测量精度提高10～20倍,综合效益提高6倍以上。(铁道部第一勘测设计院,西安交通大学)     

一种基于离群点检测的定位算法

DV-Hop算法在无线传感器网络节点分布不均匀时定位误差较大。针对上述问题,利用离群点检测算法提高计算未知节点坐标的精度。在采用多边测量算法估计未知节点的坐标位置时用离群点检测算法LOF对未知节点的估计坐标进行分析和筛选,最终确定未知节点位置。仿真实验表明,该方法能提高节点的定位精度,减小定位误差。     

实物测量造型中的测量数据重定位方法

根据几何图形的坐标变换原理,提出了一种工于基准点的数据转换对齐方法,通过重复测量三个基准点,求出坐标旋转变换和平移变换短阵,在误差分布不均匀的情况下,可采用最小二乘法计算点的最佳重合值,最后将此方法应用于摩托车外形塑件的测量造型中,用以检验转换精度,得到的产品造型准确,配合轮廓事,达到了设计要求。     

基于立体视觉的平面圆参数高精度测量算法*

针对目前平面圆的圆心和半径测量方法存在的不足,提出一种基于立体视觉的平面圆参数高精度测量方法。该方法首先根据边缘分组算法和二次曲线椭圆拟合判别算法提取双目图像中的椭圆特征;其次利用分段立体匹配算法获取平面圆特征上部分点的三维坐标;最后通过三维平面拟合、坐标转换、平面圆拟合以及坐标反变换获取平面圆的圆心和半径参数。实验结果表明,该方法有效地减小了平面圆透视投影引起的畸变误差,提高了平面圆参数的测量精度。     

古遗址多视点云的渐进式三维配准*

为实现古遗址场景多分辨率点云的精确配准,提出一种基于序列迭代的多视点云三维配准方法。利用反向投影确定两点集的重叠区,基于法向量计算定标球球心坐标,实现相邻点云的准确融合;利用基于马氏距离计算相邻点云的三维边缘点,通过在迭代过程中不断优化转换矩阵,逐步提高配准精度,消除部分重影现象。唐小雁塔和西汉古墓的工程实践表明,该方法能有效抑制序列配准的累积误差,具有有效性和鲁棒性,可应用于古遗址的数字化保护与虚拟展示领域。     

非均布平面度误差三维测量数据的处理

介绍了一种非均布平面度误差三维测量数据的处理方法。该方法首先通过拟合、插值等对非均布的原始测量数据进行均布处理,计算出均布坐标点处的平面度高度坐标值,实现了非均布测量数据到均布测量数据的转换,然后通过适当的算法计算出平面度误差值。为使被测平面的实际情况更加直观,还对平面度误差的测量数据进行了可视化处理。     

悬臂式掘进机位姿检测方法研究现状

从悬臂式掘进机位姿检测原理出发,介绍了分别基于扇面激光、室内GPS(iGPS)、全站仪、机器视觉、超宽带(UWB)和惯导的掘进机位姿检测方法。基于扇面激光的掘进机位姿检测方法具有计算简单、掘进机机身航向角及X轴(垂直两帮煤壁方向)坐标测量精度高的优点,但无法检测掘进机机身Y轴(掘进方向)、Z轴(垂直地面方向)坐标;基于iGPS的掘进机位姿检测方法能实现全参数位姿测量,检测精度高,但有效测量距离小;基于全站仪的掘进机位姿检测方法能实现全参数位姿测量,但标定、移站复杂;基于机器视觉的掘进机位姿检测方法具有掘进机截割头位置及掘进机机身姿态测量精度高、X轴和Z轴坐标测量精度高的优点,但无法检测掘进机机身Y轴坐标;基于UWB的掘进机位姿检测方法具有自主移站便利、Y轴坐标测量精度高的优点,但Z轴坐标误差较大;基于惯导的掘进机位姿检测方法具有姿态角测量精度较高、测量过程独立非接触的优点,但三轴坐标测量存在累计误差。为满足有效测量距离大于100m、三轴定位误差小于10cm、姿态角误差小于1°的实际应用要求,需要进一步研究机器视觉、UWB、惯导相结合的掘进机位姿组合检测方法,以实现掘进机全自主、全参数、非接触位姿检测。     

基于公共特征点的三维测量数据拼接方法

针对大型物体和回转体的三维形貌视觉测量,提出了一种基于公共特征点的三维数据拼接方法.该方法首先把测量对象的表面划分成若干个子区域,并且确保相邻的子区域含有重合区域,然后采用一套双目立体视觉测量系统对各个子区域进行单独测量,利用重合区域的公共特征点计算前后两次测量的空间变换矩阵,将三维点坐标转换到一个坐标系下完成拼接.变换矩阵的计算引入了Rodrigues参数,简化了运算过程,且具有较高的精度.该方法操作简单,非常适合于实际应用,实验结果证明了此方法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。