试题库组卷策略与选题算法

试题组卷算法的优劣直接影响到试题库的性能。该文在试题库参数设定的基础上,从题型、知识点与难度三维立体结构中粗选试题,再通过优先权参数的计算精选优质试题,并运用了多种组卷策略,提高了组卷的灵活性和成功率。     

基于知识点的试题库组卷算法

该文介绍了一种基于知识点的,采用离散型随机变量的二项分布函数构造选题算法的方法。该算法把题型平均难度系数、题型个数作为主要控制目标,以包含题目题型作为主要条件筛选知识点,以此选择试题,而后对题目按知识点的各难度等级分类,从而按知识点选题组卷,并运用适当的组卷策略优化组卷结果。     

基于改进的遗传算法的智能组卷算法研究

随着人工智能技术在高校信息化过程的不断推广,智能在线考试模式已成为高校教学改革的一种新手段。目前现有的在线考试系统由于一些现实约束,还存在很多不足。文中针对现有的考试系统存在智能组卷后的试卷难度不均衡、题库试题难度系数确定不合理的现象,提出一种基于改进的遗传算法自动组卷策略。利用伯努利大数定律和机器自适应学习方式,确定题库中试题合理的难度系数。在试题的难度系数确定后,试卷的难度系数就是参入组卷的试题的平均难度系数,组卷中,只需指定试卷的平均难度系数和各类题型的数量即可。     

一种计算试卷中试题难度分布的有效方法

该文提出一种依据正态分布函数计算试卷中试题难度分布的方法，并将茯运用于智能组卷系统，计算机仿真结构表明了该方法的有效性。     

一种海量题库难度系数和区分度动态优化模型

难度系数和区分度是衡量试题质量的两个重要参数。如何快速准确地获得试题的难度系数和区分度则是随机组卷考试系统海量题库建设中的一个难点。专门针对海量题库试题的难度系数和区分度提出了一种动态优化模型;该模型借助计算机的快速准确处理能力进行试题的实际难度系数和区分度的计算与优化,为出题者不断完善和优化试题内容提供科学合理的依据,从而提高海量题库命题的自动化和合理化水平。     

基于模拟退火遗传算法的自动组卷方法研究

针对试卷生成方面的多条件约束问题,采用离散型随机变量的二项分布函数建立难度-分数对应关系模型。根据试卷的最优试题难度分布结构,构造了适应度函数,建立了产生最优试卷的优化模型。在计算过程中,对试卷试题区分度,答题时间,试卷总分先行判断,从而缩短对最优试卷的寻优时间,提高成卷效率。为了避免遗传算法早期容易早熟、后期收敛速度慢的缺点,对试卷个体采用模拟退火算法进行适应度的拉伸。理论分析和实验结果表明,提出的组卷算法有较好的性能,可以有效的提高组卷效率。     

考试系统试题库及组卷方案的设计

在自动考试系统的题库建设中,试题库设计及组卷策略是关键环节。试题库中试题的参数,不同的试题库不尽相同,这里定义为:试题=(编号、题型、题干、答案、分值、试题难度、区分度、知识点、使用次数);试卷=(标题、考试时间、考试日期、总分值、题型、试卷难度、试卷区分度、知识点、曝光度)。     

分类分段算法在组卷中的应用研究

客观题的组卷算法有很多种,分类分段算法不光能解决组卷中的重复抽题问题,又能解决试题的覆盖面问题。采用分段法,把题库中试题分成N段,每段中抽取一个试题,这样可以解决试题的重复问题。针对不同章节试题覆盖采用在题库中增加一个章节字段,在同一章节中抽取指定试题。同时在组卷中增加一个难度系数,可以对不同章节指定难度系数。以实践为基础,阐述分类分段算法在实际操作中的应用技巧,包括数据库设计、代码设计等。     

通用试卷生成系统的设计与实现

选择遗传算法作为组卷算法,设计一种具有通用性的组卷系统。该系统能够按照试题类型、试题数量、章节覆盖、难度系数、区分度、答题时间、课时数等约束条件进行快速搜索,从而找到最佳组卷方案,组出理想的试卷。     

大学高等数学考试系统的设计

在高校对不同层次不同专业的学生组出合适的高等数学试卷,学生的能力水平、试卷的难度系数和区分度是衡量试题质量的重要参数。如何快速准确地获得学生的能力水平、试题的难度系数和区分度则是随机组卷考试系统中的一个难点。文章提出了一种基于Logistic模型和矩阵理论的解决方案,该方案借助计算机强大的处理能力计算优化学生的实际能力水平以及试题的实际难度系数和区分度,从而提高题库命题的合理化水平。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。