方位向时变非均匀采样的合成孔径声纳成像

采用多接收阵技术能够使合成孔径声纳的测绘速率和测绘带同时得到提高,但带来了方位向非均匀采样以及不满足停走停假设的问题.本文建立了高测绘速率、宽测绘带条件下不做停走停近似的多接收阵合成孔径声纳信号模型,采用频域方法对合成孔径声纳时变的非均匀方位向信号进行了重构,并导出了重构方法的快速算法.重构方法解决了高测绘速率、宽测绘带条件下的偏移及散焦问题.仿真和实验验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于OpenMP的高效多子阵合成孔径声呐距离多普勒成像算法

为充分利用多核CPU计算资源解决多子阵合成孔径声纳成像效率低的问题,提出了一种共享内存环境下的距离多普勒成像算法并行解决方案。在分析多子阵合成孔径声纳距离多普勒成像算法并行性的基础上,对算法中预处理、距离向脉冲压缩、固定相位补偿、距离徙动校正和方位向脉冲压缩进行了OpenMP并行化设计,充分利用多核CPU计算资源实现了大数据量合成孔径声纳图像快速重构。对实测数据的成像实验结果表明,并行成像算法加速比高达19.86,满足实时合成孔径声纳系统成像需求。     

合成孔径声纳成像改进距离-多普勒算法研究

在合成孔径声纳成像优化的研究中,传统距离-多普勒算法主要应用于窄带窄波束信号合成孔径成像,而在合成孔径声纳领域,由于信号带宽较大,波束较宽,使得成像效果较差.研究了经典距离-多普勒算法的原理,提出了其局限性,针对合成孔径声纳的宽带宽波束信号特点改进了传统算法.放弃窄带信号条件下的Fresnel近似,利用更精确的适用于宽带宽波束信号的距离双曲线模型对算法进行了推导,并在推导结果的基础上对成像区域中任意点目标上进了仿真.仿真结果表明,改进算法具有更高的分辨率和适中的运算量,比传统距离-多普勒算法更适合应用在合成孔径声纳成像中.     

异构环境下的多子阵合成孔径声呐距离多普勒成像算法

为解决多子阵合成孔径声纳成像效率低的问题,提出了一种异构环境下的多子阵合成孔径声纳快速成像方法。根据多子阵合成孔径声纳距离多普勒成像算法特点以及CPU和GPU各自计算特点,通过将算法中距离向脉冲压缩、固定相位补偿、距离徙动校正和方位向脉冲压缩密集型运算采用GPU计算,极大提高了多子阵合成孔径声纳成像效率。最后通过实测数据的成像实验对所提算法的正确性和高效性进行了验证,与串行计算方法相比加速比高达14.45。     

基于严格解析谱的多接收子阵合成孔径声呐CZT算法

针对多接收子阵合成孔径声呐(SAS)精确二维谱表达式复杂,从而只能应用于RD算法的问题,提出将严格解析谱的距离徙动近似为斜距变量的线性函数,然后利用Chirp-z变换校正距离徙动,并给出基于严格解析谱的多接收子阵SAS CZT算法.提出的基于严格解析谱的算法避免了插值操作,提高了算法效率与相位保真度,仿真实验表明,提出...     

基于图像的多接收元合成孔径声纳运动补偿方法

多接收元合成孔径声纳成像是当前研究的热点问题,偏航和侧摆是影响多接收元合成孔径声纳成像质量的关键因素。建立了多接收元合成孔径声纳偏航和侧摆运动误差的几何模型,提出了一种基于图像估计偏航和侧摆的新方法。该方法允许声纳系统以满足空间采样理论的最大速度运行,利用强点目标的每个脉冲回波数据的成像结果估计偏航和侧摆。计算机仿真结果表明新算法有效地估计出了偏航和侧摆,提高了成像质量,明确地确定出了目标的位置。     

合成孔径声纳成像聚焦问题的研究

本文论述了合成孔径声纳的原理及声纳成像的分辨特性，研究了距离向压缩数据在方位向聚焦的具体实现。最后通过计算机仿真，验证了算法的有效性。     

基于R-D算法的合成孔径声纳插值方法比较

合成孔径声纳（SAS）中由于基阵相对目标的运动导致回波空间产生了距离徙动,距离徙动的出现将会较大地影响最终声纳的成像质量,目前主要采用插值的方法进行矫正。该文基于SAS中的距离一多普勒（R—D）算法,讨论了距离徙动的成因及矫正思想,详细介绍了几种用于徙动矫正的经典插值方法,并给出了其在SAS成像中的应用表达式,对其性能进行了比较。最后对点目标进行了仿真成像,给出了矫正前后的目标图像,并对不同插值方法的成像质量及运算量进行了分析比较。分析结果表明,这几种插值方法都改善了成像的质量,但拉格朗日法和香农法在改善图像方位向性能上更有优势,可在实际中应用。     

一种适用于宽带条带式合成孔径声纳的相位梯度自聚焦算法

传统的相位梯度自聚焦(PGA,phase gradient autofocus)算法仅适用于窄带聚束式合成孔径成像。提出了一种适用于宽带条带式合成孔径声纳的相位梯度自聚焦(SPGA,stripmap phase gradient autofocus)算法。SPGA算法通过多普勒频移估计线性侧摆;SPGA算法消除了侧摆对回波信号包络的影响,使成像模糊仅仅是由方位向相位误差引起的,这样才可以由Dechirp后的距离压缩域数据的相位误差梯度得到侧摆的估计;SPGA算法利用估计得到的侧摆对距离徙动校正前的回波数据进行包络和相位补偿。仿真表明该算法有效地估计出了侧摆,提高了成像质量,且成像没有发生方位向偏移,明确地确定出了目标的位置。     

盲源分离与波束形成融合抑制方向性强干扰研究

针对强干扰严重影响线列阵声纳弱目标检测的问题,融合盲源分离（Blind source separation,BSS）与波束形成提出了一种抑制方向性强干扰的方法.首先在干扰方位形成波束得到干扰信号估计,然后对阵列接收信号的每个子带采用盲源分离方法得到分离信号和解混矩阵估计,并通过对分离信号和干扰信号进行子带谱相关抑制干扰,再将抑制干扰后的分离信号重构回阵元域信号,最后采用波束形成方法完成目标方位估计.利用模拟器数据和海试数据对方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法能有效地抑制方向性强干扰,明显提高了弱目标信号的空间谱能量,增强了声纳检测弱目标的能力.     

基于DBF技术的星载SAR宽测绘带实现方法

在研究距离向使用数字波束形成(Digital Beanforming,DBF)实现星载SAR宽测绘带原理的基础上,分析了星载DBF-SAR距离模糊与传统星载SAR距离模糊的不同,并利用阵列天线零点指向技术实现宽零陷的原理,展宽模糊点所对应位置零陷宽度,从而在提高星载SAR宽测绘带基础上有效地减小距离模糊,提高成像质量.通过仿真和比较分析,表明使用具有宽零陷指向特性的DBF技术实现星载SAR宽测绘带模式的可行性.     

A novel Scan SAR imaging method for maritime surveillance via Lp regularization

In this article, a novel Scan mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging method for maritime surveillance is presented. Conventional Scan SAR is generally operated with severe azimuth resolution loss in order to cover a large area. The proposed imaging method changes the way Scan SAR illuminates sub-scenes and presents a new radar illuminating strategy based on ships’ spatial distribution in each sub-scene. To gain ships’ spatial distribution, a scene sensing algorithm based on radar range profiles together with a peak-seeking and clustering algorithm is introduced. After that, a Markov transfer-probability matrix is generated to make sure that radar illuminates each sub-scene randomly under the probability we calculated before. Finally, an imaging algorithm within the L_p (0 < p ≤ 1) regularization framework is utilized to reconstruct each sub-scene; the regularization problem is solved by an improved iterative thresholding algorithm. The whole wide swath image is joined by putting all the sub-scenes together. Experimental results support that the proposed imaging method can perform high-resolution wide swath SAR imaging effectively and efficiently without reducing the image resolution.     

一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的宽幅SAR图像CFAR舰船检测算法

利用海洋宽幅SAR图像进行大范围海域舰船检测在海洋监视、军事侦察等方面具有重要应用。由于海况的复杂性,宽幅SAR图像背景杂波特性随海域不同而变化。采用双参数CFAR检测算法和基于K分布CFAR检测算法在处理宽幅SAR图像时,由于在待检测的所有区域采用同种背景杂波模型,导致使用的杂波模型在不适应区域失配,使CFAR检测性能下降。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的CFAR宽幅SAR图像舰船检测算法,该算法通过背景窗口的多尺度统计方差判断目标所处的杂波环境,自适应选择对应的背景杂波分布模型,最后根据已知的恒虚警率及选择的杂波概率密度函数进行CFAR检测。对20多幅宽幅SAR图像进行了试验,实验结果表明:该算法在检测精度上有明显的改善。     

Improve the Height Measurement Accuracy in Three-dimensional Imaging Altimeter Using Nadir Interferometric Phase

Roll angle is an important parameter for three-dimensional imaging altimeter to measure Sea Surface Height.The height error due to the roll angle error grows linearly across the swath and a slight error of roll angle will results in a large height error within observation range.So a very accurate knowledge of the roll angle error is required.Nadir interferometric phase has a strong correlation with the roll angle,so using the nadir interferometric phase from the interference image can get roll angle more accurately than instrument measurements.It’s possible to meet the centimeter-level accuracy after correcting the roll angle error.Simulation measurement and elevation reconstruction based on the geometric relationship were performed,and the research of correction the roll angle error by nadir interferometric phase was carried out.Both theoretical calculation and numerical simulation show that the measurement accuracy of roll angle can be as high as 0.03 arcsecond when the accuracy of nadir interferometric phase is 10-3rad.In this case,the height measurement accuracy have been averaged across a swath between 10 and 60 km of nadir will decrease to 0.48 cm which is 6.02 cm when the roll accuracy is 0.36 arcsecond.It means that the nadir interferometric phase method can effectively correct the roll error of three-dimensional imaging altimeter.     

High speed laser scanning microscopy by iterative learning control of a galvanometer scanner

Iterative learning control (ILC) for a galvanometer scanner is proposed to achieve high speed, linear, and accurate bidirectional scanning for scanning laser microscopy. A galvanometer scanner, as a low stiffness actuator, is first stabilized with a feedback control compensating for disturbances and nonlinearities at low frequencies, and ILC is applied for the control of the fast scanning motion. For stable inversion of the non-minimum phase zeros, a time delay approximation and a zero phase approximation are used for design of ILC, and their attainable bandwidths are analyzed. Experimental results verify the benefits of ILC of its wide control bandwidth, enabling a faster, more linear, and more accurate scanning without a phase lag and a gain mismatch. At the scan rate of 4112 lines per second, the root mean square (RMS) error of the ILC can be reduced by a factor of 73 in comparison with the feedback controlled galvanometer scanner of the commercial system.     

An exact wide field digital imaging algorithm

Abstract

A new imaging algorithm is presented for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) that is exact in the sense that it is capable of producing a complex image with excellent geometrical, radiometrical and phase fidelity. No interpolations or significant approximations are required, yet the method accomplishes range curvature correction over the complete range swath. The key to the approach is a quadratic phase perturbation of the range linearly frequency modulated signals while in the range signal, azimuth frequency transform (Doppler) domain. Range curvature correction is completed by a phase multiply in the two-dimensional frequency domain. Other operations required are relatively conventional. The method is generalizable to imaging geometries encountered in squint and spotlight SAR, inverse SAR, seismics, sonar, and tomography.     

Novel automatic calibration technique for smart antenna systems

The problem of calibration has arisen because the phase characteristics of signal paths associated with each antenna in a smart antenna system (SAS) are different (in both receiving (RX) and transmitting (TX) modes). In this paper, we propose a simple and accurate calibration technique for eliminating the phase characteristic difference of the signal path associated with each antenna element in both RX and TX modes. Also, through the experimental data obtained from SAS, which has been implemented with the CDMA2000 1X standard, we confirm that the proposed technique has eliminated the characteristic difference.