应变能—内应力干涉模型的多轴高周疲劳研究

塑性应变能使材料微观组织结构发生不可逆变化而引起等效宏观应力,该应力随循环加载而增大。假定该应力的一种分布函数,将疲劳极限以上加载等效为塑性应变,建立了塑性应变与加载应力成线性关系的表达式,由此得到循环加载的塑性应变能。导出其最大应力与外加应力叠加达到材料本征断裂应力时的裂纹成核寿命,并由微裂纹引起上述两部分应力变化,得到继续加载直至宏观裂纹出现的疲劳寿命。所建立的多轴疲劳寿命公式由三个材料参数表达,并通过单轴疲劳试验数据确定。初步研究表明,该模型对所引用的多轴疲劳试验数据有很好的预测能力。     

超塑拉伸变形应变速率敏感性指数的力学解析

从拉伸变形的状态方程和力学基本理论出发,导出了塑性和超塑性拉伸变形ｍξ、ｍｖ　和ｍＦ（ｍξ、ｍｖ。和Ｆ分别为恒应变ξ、恒变形速度ｖ和恒载荷Ｆ的应变速率敏感性指数）的函数表达式,而且理论计算值与典型超塑性合金ＺｎＡ１５的试验数据吻合,这便从理论上解答了“拉伸变形应变速率敏感性指数的力学涵义及其规范测量”一文从试验上提出的问题,即：为什么ｍξ、ｍｖ和ｍＦ随应变速率ξ的变化规律互不相同,甚至出现了ｍＦ会大于１,ｍｖ会是负值的反常结果。对这些问题的理论解答便进一步揭示了ｍ值的力学本质。     

17-7PH不锈钢小气瓶工艺及性能研究

17-7PH不锈钢制某型号小气瓶由氩弧焊焊接成型,热处理后综合性能得到提升。不同工艺的加工效率、焊接性能、强度差异巨大。综合对比原材料消耗、生产效率、产品性能等因素,最终确定小气瓶半球零件投产采用17-7PH不锈钢4 mm板料,通过拉伸后机械加工成型,小气瓶焊接后通过“TH565”热处理强化实现性能提升,爆破试验失效压力大于85 MPa,爆破断口呈撕裂状,断口微观形貌呈“等轴韧窝”,撕裂过程为典型的塑性断裂。     

在用YSP─10钢瓶的可靠性综合评定(一)──钢瓶使用可靠性的评定

通过对在用YSP－10钢瓶的材料性能测试、钢瓶的压力爆破试验研究，得到了材料力学性能及其钢瓶的破坏压力。运用可靠性分析方法，求得钢瓶在不同情况下的可靠度，从而表明在用YSP－10钢瓶的使用可靠性。     

FQP氟里昂轻型包装钢瓶

我厂最新产品FQP氟里昂轻型包装钢瓶是跟踪世界先进技术,适应包装轻型化的新型钢瓶。1992年8月27日通过了由广东省科学技术委员会组织,省机械工业厅主持的产品技术鉴定,并已取得国家专利。定为1992年度国家级新产品。 钢瓶用厚度为1.2mm的优质钢板制造,上、下封头用一条环焊缝焊接成瓶体;利用冲压加工硬化保证其足够的强度;设有安全装置,爆破片焊在上封头;公称工作压力为2MPa,爆破片爆破压力为3±0.3MPa,工作温度为—     

复杂载荷下含未焊透缺陷压力管道塑性极限载荷分析

针对净截面垮塌(NSC)准则仅适用于拉、弯组合载荷的局限性,根据压力管道实际受力特点,提出了一种基于内压/弯矩/扭矩复杂载荷作用下的含未焊透缺陷压力管道塑性极限载荷理论分析方法及其表达式,该方法还充分考虑了管道曲率(管径比)、未焊透缺陷环向长度、深度对压力管道塑性极限载荷的影响。借助有限元分析方法对含各类未焊透缺陷的压力管道塑性极限载荷进行了数值计算并与理论值进行了比较。结果表明:该方法能较好地反映含未焊透缺陷压力管道的实际承载能力,结果可靠,可大大提高含未焊透缺陷压力管道安全评定的有效性。     

钢瓶爆破测控系统

介绍了钢瓶爆破试验微机测控系统的构成及其软、硬件设计方法。该系统可动态测试钢瓶爆破试验的全过程 ,并由计算机自动记录和显示钢瓶瞬时压强和注水量的变化曲线 ,然后打印出曲线图和数据表     

受内压的超塑性薄壁圆筒的理论断裂时间分析

超塑性材料具有伸长率非常高,可以成形复杂构件等优点,已得到广泛应用。研究超塑性材料薄壁圆筒受内压的应力和应变率,导出壁厚变化和理论断裂时间计算公式,讨论不同材料壁厚和理论断裂时间的变化规律。计算结果表明:(1)圆筒越薄,理论断裂时间越小,越容易断裂。(2)应变速率敏感性指数m值与成形时间关系很大,m值增大使尺寸不同的材料的成形时间之间的差别趋于减小。(3)压力越大,理论断裂时间越小。当压力增大时,不同m值的理论断裂时间之间的差别趋于减小。(4)成形开始时,壁厚变化速度较慢;当成形时间接近理论断裂时间时,壁厚变化速度急剧增大。     

含点蚀缺陷燃气管道弯管的塑性极限载荷分析

应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对含点蚀缺陷的弯管在内压载荷作用下进行有限元分析,分析中考虑材料非线性和几何非线性,根据腐蚀区的载荷-应变图,对模型的塑性极限压力进行了预测,得出了缺陷尺寸对塑性极限载荷的影响及变化规律,并得到了一些对含缺陷弯管的安全评定有参考价值的结论.     

轧件塑性系数的计算方法及其误差分析

在冷轧薄带钢和带钢平整时,轧件的塑性系数的准确性直接关系到控制系统的稳定性和带钢成品的质量。根据压力AGC控制系统的原理,得出了轧件塑性系数的计算公式,并将该公式与根据辊缝变化量和压力变化量之间的关系推导出的塑性系数的计算公式进行误差大小的比较,证明了由AGC参数方程得出的轧件塑性系数的计算精度较一般方法高,并经实验证实了理论分析的正确性。     

Fracture analysis on flexible roll forming process of anisotropic Al6061 using ductile fracture criteria and FLD

In this research, the fracture phenomenon was investigated on flexible roll forming process of channel section using ductile fracture criteria and forming limit diagram (FLD) by considering the effect of anisotropy. For this purpose, a finite element simulation of the process using the ABAQUS software was done. The fracture in this process was evaluated by considering six types of ductile fracture criteria by UMAT subroutine implementation on the FEM software and using FLD criterion. Experimental tests were performed on 27 blanks of Al6061-T6 using flexible roll forming machine made in Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU). Numerical results were validated by experimental results. In addition, prediction of occurrence and fracture position by ductile fracture criteria and FLD criterion were compared with experimental results; the Argon criterion was chosen as the most appropriate criterion to predict the fracture position and its occurrence. The fracture occurrence was only observed in a 60° bending angle for 1.5- and 2-mm thicknesses, and the fracture position error percentages of the Argon criterion with experiments for these cases were 18.7 and 3.5%, respectively. Also, the effects of parameters such as sheet thickness, bending radius, and bending angle on the fracture phenomenon by using the selected criterion of Argon were studied.     

A study on chevron crack formation and evolution in a cold extrusion

A numerical algorithm based on the element deletion method and rigid-viscoplastic finite element approach depending on Cockcroft-Latham and specific plastic work fracture criteria was applied to predict formation and evolution of possible cracking in a cold extrusion of aluminum and steel alloys. The Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion induced an internal crack while an external crack occurred owing to the specific plastic work criterion in simulations. As a result, the Cockcroft-Latham criterion was found to be valid for predicting chevron cracking in comparison with the experimental observation available in the literature. Using the Cockcroft-Latham criterion, cracking was carefully investigated in terms of the size of the crack and gap distance between cracks depending on the number of elements and boundary condition at the punch interface. The critical damage values for the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion were also calculated based on the tensile instability and fracture conditions to investigate their effect on possible cracking. Finally, a processing map based on the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion for preventing chevron cracking in the cold extrusion of commercially available steel alloy was developed by considering processing parameters such as reduction in area and semicone angle. According to this investigation, the developed element deletion method with the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion was reasonably accurate for carrying out chevron cracking analyses in the cold extrusion with proper selection of a critical damage value.     

高速变形材料塑性及JC和MSV断裂准则的表达能力

研究了超高变形速率下材料的塑性(延性)演化规律和断裂行为。通过45钢、Ti-6Al-4V、Al2024-T3和Al2024-T351四种材料高速变形数据,考察了JC断裂准则和MSV断裂准则对于高应变率下材料失效行为的表达能力。研究发现,JC断裂准则中材料的失效应变随着应变率的增加单调增大,JC断裂准则能够描述中低应变率范围内(0-10~3/s)材料的断裂情况;对于应变率更高(≥10~4/s)情况下材料的断裂行为,JC断裂准则不能描述。材料的MSV在约10~4/s时突然增大,MSV断裂准则能够描述超高应变率下材料的断裂趋势。     

拉/扭复合载荷下氧化铝的切口强度及预测

提出了适用于陶瓷切口件拉／扭复合应力下的断裂准则，其中不合经验参数。采用具有不同应力集中系数的Al2O3陶瓷管状试样，在不同的拉／扭复合应力状态下测定了断裂强度。试验结果证明了该断裂准则的有效性和通用性。利用现有文献中的相关试验结果，对上述断裂准则作了进一步的客观校核。根据该断裂准则和陶瓷材料拉伸强度的概率分布参数，还可预测陶瓷材料光滑试样和切口件在拉／扭复合应力下具有存活率的断裂准则。提出的断裂准则具有工程应用意义。     

A unified brittle fracture criterion for structures with sharp V-notches under mixed mode loading

A unified brittle fracture criterion for cracks and V-notches under mixed mode loading is proposed by extending the maximum circumferential stress criterion and Novozhilov’s criterion. The mixed mode fracture toughness and crack orientation of PMMA plates with a sharp V-notch are predicted by the proposed criterion. Tests were also carried out in order to investigate the mixed mode fracture of the PMMA plates. The fracture criterion is validated by comparison to experimental results.     

不同应力状态下的高强钢板断裂机理及预测

板料成形过程的宏观断裂行为依赖于其微观断裂机理,因此成形过程模拟中的断裂准则的准确选择对于断裂预测具有重要意义。以高强钢TRIP780板料为研究对象,设计从剪切到拉伸应力状态的五种断裂试验,结合宏观拉伸试验和扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析研究不同应力状态下TRIP780板料的断裂机理,得到不同应力状态下正应力和切应力与断裂机理的关联关系,引入正应力与切应力的影响构建MMC断裂准则,应用于板料压剪应力区间的断裂行为预测。结果表明,反映断裂机理的MMC准则能适用于板料压剪和拉剪变形应力状态下断裂失效的准确预测。     

Effect of ductile fracture criteria on chevron crack formation and evolution in drawing

The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanics of ductile fracture in bulk metal forming processes by finite-element analysis and experiments. The author has developed a computer program, based on a conventional computer program involving the finite-element method, by which the behavior of crack propagation after ductile fracture can be analyzed. The phenomenon in which a ‘chevron crack’ appears periodically in the axial direction during drawing has been simulated using the developed computer program. Special attention is focused on the effect of various kinds of ductile fracture criteria on chevron crack formation and evolution during drawing. Results obtained are summarized as follows. First, the analytical results obtained using Gurson's fracture criterion and using Oyane's fracture criterion agree well with the experimental result. Second, the analytical results using Cockcroft and Latham's fracture criterion and using Brozzo et al.'s fracture criterion agree somewhat with the experimental result. Finally, the analytical result obtained using Freudenthal's fracture criterion does not agree with the experimental result.     

Fracture limit prediction using ductile fracture criteria for forming of an automotive aluminum sheet

Forming limit curves at neck and at fracture have been experimentally determined, and surfaces of fractured dome specimens have been observed optically and in the SEM, for an automotive AA6111-T4 sheet material. Various continuum ductile fracture criteria from the literature along with the assumptions of power law hardening, Hill’s quadratic yield criterion, and proportionality of stress and strain paths have been utilized for prediction of forming limit curve at fracture and compared with the experimental curve to assess the applicability of the different fracture criteria. The maximum shear stress criterion by Tresca predicts reasonably well the fracture limits of AA6111-T4 sheet material for a range of strain ratios, and is consistent with the microstructural observations. The criterion can be used to predict fracture limit curves from uniaxial tensile data and plane strain limit at fracture. A methodology for incorporating such a ductile fracture criterion into FE simulations of sheet stampings for prediction of fracture is discussed.     

断裂力学判据存在的一个问题及讨论

利用细观力学对材料断裂机理的认识，结合脆性材料常规破坏试验结果，提出了一个新的拉断破坏条件，该拉断强度条件与常用的几何脆断强度条件相比，能更好地解释材料在复杂应力状态下发生的脆断与小塑性韧断，并对常用的断裂力学判据存在的问题进行了讨论，通过分析影响裂尖空穴扩张的主要因素，给出能适应不同应力状态的新的断裂判据。     

PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF BOTH WRINKLE AND FRACTURE LIMITS ON CYLINDRICAL CUP MULTI-DEEP-DRAWING

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