渗氢温度为800℃时氢对Ti6Al4V合金切削加工性影响的试验研究

试验试件的渗氢温度为800℃。通过对不同氢含量Ti6Al4V合金试件进行车削试验,测量切削力和加工后的表面粗糙度以及观察切屑形态,研究氢对Ti6Al4V合金切削加工性的影响。试验结果表明:随氢含量增加,Ti6Al4V合金的切削加工性提高,并且有一个最佳氢含量范围,超过该氢含量范围,随氢含量增加,Ti6Al4V合金切削加工性变差。     

Nb对Ti3Al价电子结构及其脆性的影响

应用固体与分子经验电子理论计算了Ti3Al及加入Nb后各相的价电子结构,并从均匀变形因子α、解理能Gc及位错行为等方面分析了Nb对Ti3Al脆性的影响。结果表明,Nb使α2相部分无序化,产生新的韧性相,提高了Ti3Al合金的α和Gc值;同时Nb也减弱了Ti-Ti共价键,增加了基面滑移,从而综合导致Ti3Al脆性有本质改善。     

钙和硅元素对AE41镁合金显微组织及压入蠕变性能的影响

在AE41镁合金中添加质量分数0.8%Ca及0.2%~0.8%Si,制得了不同成分的镁合金,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪和压入蠕变试验设备等研究了钙和不同硅含量对AE41镁合金的压入蠕变性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明:加入钙可提高AE41合金的蠕变性能,再添加硅可进一步提高其蠕变性能,且蠕变性能随硅含量的增加而升高;AE41合金中的析出相主要为杆状Al11Nd3相和少量颗粒状Al2Nd相,加入钙后有骨骼状Al2Ca析出,且Al2Nd相析出增多;再加入硅后,合金中有汉字状Mg2Si相和较复杂的相析出,且随硅含量的增加,杆状、短杆状和颗粒状相增多;蠕变后,AE41合金中颗粒状Al2Nd相增多,添加钙的合金无新相析出,但Al2Ca相减少,添加钙和硅的合金中骨骼状相减少,但短杆状和颗粒状相增多。     

铝-钛-镍-硅合金填料对SiC_p/6061Al基复合材料等离子弧焊接接头组织与性能的影响

以铝-钛-镍-硅合金为填充材料,采用氩/氮混合等离子气体对SiCp/6061Al基复合材料进行等离子弧原位焊接,研究了不同成分合金填料对焊接接头组织与性能的影响。结果表明:填充Al-10Ti-10Ni-3Si合金的焊缝组织均匀、致密,存在少量50μm长的针状相,熔合区Al3Ti相数量较中心区的减少,无灰色针状Al4C3相;填充Al-5Ti-5Ni-5Si合金的焊缝中增强相数量较前者的有所减少,并呈无序分布,同样也无针状相;焊缝由Al N、Al3Ti、TiC、Ni3Al、Ni Ti2、Ti5Si3等相组成;两种接头的抗拉强度分别为215.0 MPa和221.5 MPa。     

元素钇对Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

采用对掺法制备了铸态Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr-xY(x=0,2.5)合金,研究了元素钇对合金组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr合金由α-Mg、β-Li、Al4Sr相组成,Al4Sr相主要分布在β-Li相中;Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr-2.5Y合金主要由α-Mg、β-Li、Al4Sr和Al2Y相组成,Al4Sr相主要分布在β-Li相中,而Al2Y相则弥散分布在基体中;与Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr合金相比,Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr-2.5Y合金的抗拉强度变化不大,但伸长率提高了17.3%;Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr合金的断裂机制为典型的沿晶断裂,而Mg-9Li-3Al-2Sr-2.5Y合金的断裂机制则是以脆性断裂为主,并伴有韧窝的混合型断裂。     

Ti2AlNb基合金等离子表面渗铬层组织结构对耐磨性能的影响

低硬度和较差的耐磨性制约了钛铝基合金在航空领域的应用。为了提高Ti2AlNb合金的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术对Ti2AlNb合金表面进行渗Cr处理,并对其微观组织、扩散特性及显微硬度和耐磨性进行了分析测试。结果表明：经等离子渗铬处理后,可获得约25μm的合金层;渗层中Cr含量随渗层深度有显著变化且在高温条件下因各原子扩散能力的差异,以基体中Al和Nb量的变化为主,在渗层的不同区域形成不同的相,表层以含Cr2Nb的Laves相和Al8Cr5相为主,而在渗层和基体的交界处形成新的无序O相（Ti25.36Al18.44Nb）;渗层硬度值由外层的HV1125逐渐过渡到基体的HV432,渗层与基体的界面处由于无序O相的析出而硬度最低。渗Cr处理将合金的摩擦因数由原来的0.24降低到0.15,磨损率降低了60%以上。     

新型Ni-Co基高温合金的显微组织特点和析出相热力学计算

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察新型Ni-Co基高温合金的铸态组织,采用JMatPro软件在平衡和非平衡凝固条件下对该合金进行热力学计算,研究了合金的相析出特点。结果表明：试验合金呈现枝晶形貌,偏析严重,主要组织为γ′相、η相、γ/γ′共晶组织以及MC碳化物。平衡凝固条件下,试验合金的主要析出相为γ′、η、μ、σ、碳化物以及硼化物;钛和铝含量增加导致γ′相析出量增加,析出温度升高;η相析出温度和析出量随钛含量增加呈线性增加。在非平衡凝固过程中,钛、钼元素富集在液相中,而铝、铬、钴和钨元素在液相中贫乏。     

Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr合金α相的析出行为及其对断裂机制的影响

对Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr合金在580℃进行不同时间(0,5,15,60 min)的时效处理,研究了α相的析出行为及其对合金拉伸断裂机制的影响。结果表明:随着时效时间的延长,从试验合金基体β相中先后析出三角形或V字形、树枝状和集束状形貌的α相;不同形貌α相与β相均保持Burgers取向关系;在拉伸变形过程中,三角形形貌α相组织中的位错集中在大尺寸条状α相中,裂纹沿优先变形的α相萌生;树枝状形貌α相组织中的位错集中在相互平行的条状α相中,裂纹沿主干α相萌生而形成准解理面;集束状形貌α相组织中的位错在条状α相间的β相中激活,裂纹沿高角度β/β相界面萌生而形成光滑解理面。     

相场法研究化学组成对Ni-Al-Ti合金γ′相早期沉淀过程的影响

通过微观相场动力学模型研究了化学组成对Ni-Al-Ti合金γ′相早期沉淀过程的影响. 研究结果表明, 在γ′相形成之前, 基体内部先析出L10结构的过渡相.随着Al成分的不断升高, 沉淀相组成逐渐由γ′相与基体相两相共存变为单一的γ′相, 同时大量的Al会促进γ′相的形成, 从而引起体积其体积分数增大, 但L10相向L12相的转化时间有所延长. 通过分析Ti原子占位情况发现, 随Ti含量的减少, Ti的固溶强化作用有所减弱.     

Al_xFeCoNiCrTi合金的抗氧化性能及其退火态的组织和硬度

利用XRD、SEM、DSC和TG等方法研究了AlxFeCoNiCrTi(x=0.5,1,1.5)高熵合金铸态和不同温度退火后的显微组织、相结构、硬度及其抗氧化性能。结果表明:随着退火温度升高,Al0.5FeCoNiCrTi合金和Al1FeCoNiCrTi合金在785℃左右退火会析出Fe2Ti型的Laves相,合金中的fcc和bcc2相除了长大外,形态基本没有变化;而Al1.5FeCoNiCrTi合金基本保持铸态组织不变;铸态及退火态合金硬度较高(约60 HRC),具有非常强的抗回火软化能力以及一定的高温应用价值;该系合金具有优越的抗氧化性能,尤其Al0.5FeCoNiCrTi合金的抗氧化性能最佳。     

Multi-pass scratch test behavior of modified layer formed during plasma nitriding

316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy were plasma nitrided at different treatment parameters, and the wear behaviors of the modified layers formed on the surface during nitriding were investigated by multi-pass scratch test. Phase structure and cross-sections of modified layers were also examined with XRD and SEM. While a single modified layer formed on surface of the 316L stainless steel, both modified and diffusion layers were observed on the surface of the Ti6Al4V alloy after nitriding. As a result, it was observed that phase structure and thickness for modified layers of 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy, respectively, were the significant parameters for friction coefficient and wear rate. In addition, diffusion layer formed during the nitriding process caused on increase of wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy by supporting the modified layer on the surface.     

热处理条件下激光原位合成高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层的微结构特征

为了提高钛合金的高温抗氧化性能,推动钛合金在高温和复杂工况环境下的进一步工程应用,利用高能激光束作用下Ti、Al、Nb三种元素混合粉末之间的原位反应在BT3-1钛合金表面制备了高温抗氧化的高铌Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层。针对原位反应所制备涂层存在的缺陷,通过自行设计的热处理工艺优化了涂层和界面微观组织。借助光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了热处理前后复合涂层的物相结构及显微形貌。结果表明:热处理前的涂层主要由单质Nb、金属间化合物γ-TiAl、α_2-Ti_3Al、Ti_3Al_2等物相组成;热处理后的复合涂层,单质Nb固溶到γ-TiAl和α_2-Ti_3Al中,同时形成了新相Ti_3AlNb_(0.3),涂层近似为γ-TiAl+α_2-Ti_3Al双相层片状等轴晶组织。此外,涂层中并未观察到减弱抗氧化性的单质Nb颗粒和Ti_3Al_2相,Ti、Al、Nb的宏观偏析得以消除,涂层与基材界面位置的气孔和裂纹均以消失,出现了明显的白亮带冶金结合过渡层,涂层组织也更加均匀致密。热处理对提高钛合金表面Nb的合金化程度和改善Ti-Al金属间化合物的高温抗氧化性能起到了显著的促进作用。     

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy microstructure characterization of mechanically alloyed Nb–Ti–Al alloys

Results are presented of an investigation of the microstructure development during mechanical alloying and following consolidation of an Nb15Ti15Al alloy. The alloy was synthesized from elemental as well as pre‐alloyed powders. The microstructure of this material was examined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The use of pre‐alloyed TiAl powder for synthesis of the Nb15Ti15Al alloy meant that a much shorter time was required to complete the mechanical alloying process compared with the synthesis of elemental powders. The investigation indicates that three phases were present in the consolidated materials: the Nb solid solution, the Nb₃Al intermetallic phase and the dispersoid.     

Analytical transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction for characterization of multiphase Ni-P-Ti surface layer on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the hard Ni‐P‐Ti layer formed on the Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy after duplex surface treatment were investigated by light microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and analytical/high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. These investigations showed that the improved mechanical and tribological properties of the surface‐treated alloy were related to the presence of a multilayered microstructure containing several phases from the Ni‐Ti‐P‐Al system.     

Fretting wear behavior of nitrogen ion implanted titanium alloys in bovine serum lubrication

Nitrogen ion implantation was performed on biomedical titanium alloys by using of the PBII technology to improve the surface mechanical properties for the application of artificial joints. The titanium nitride phase was characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanohardness of the titanium alloys and implanted samples were measured by using of in-situ nano-mechanical testing system (TriboIndenter). Then, the fretting wear of nitrogen ion implanted titanium alloys was done on the universal multifunctional tester (UMT) with ball-on-flat fretting style in bovine serum lubrication. The fretting wear mechanism was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D surface profiler. The XPS analysis results indicate that nitrogen diffuses into the titanium alloy and forms a hard TiN layer on the Ti6Al4V alloys. The nanohardness increases from 6.40 to 7.7 GPa at the normal load of 2 mN, which reveals that nitrogen ion implantation is an effective way to enhance the surface hardness of Ti6Al4V. The coefficients of friction for Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum are obviously lower than that in dry friction, but the coefficients of friction for nitrogen ion implanted Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum are higher than that in dry friction. Fatigue wear controls the fretting failure mechanism of nitrogen ion implanted Ti6Al4V alloy fretting in bovine serum. The testing results in this paper prove that nitrogen ion implantation can effectively increase the fretting wear resistance for Ti6Al4V alloy in dry friction, and has a considerable improvement for Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum lubrication.     

热处理对AB5型储氢合金微观结构的影响

研究了热处理温度对AB5型储氢合金La Ni3.6 C0．7Mn0.4Al0.3相结构的影响。经过不同温度热处理的储氢合金，a轴变长，c轴缩短，晶胞体积增大。SEM结果表明，合金的微观组织形貌呈现由枝晶长大变为片状组织的变化规律。     

Solid particle erosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy

Abstract

The effects of particle impingement angle, impingement velocity and erodent particle size on the erosion rate and surface morphology of the Ti6Al4V alloy have been investigated comprehensively in order to evaluate solid particle erosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy. Samples were eroded in a specially designed sandblasting system under various parameters using alumina (Al₂O₃) erodent particles. Surface morphology investigations were examined by scanning electron microscope using various analysis and modes (energy dispersive X-ray analysis, elemental mapping and compositional contrast). Ti6Al4V alloy showed ductile behaviour with a maximum erosion rate at 30° impingement angle. Erosion rate of Ti6Al4V alloy increased with increases in velocity and decreased with increases in erodent particle size. Scanning electron microscopy investigations of eroded surfaces of Ti6Al4V alloy samples reveal the dominant erosion mechanism such as microploughing, microcutting and plastic deformation. Embedded erodent particles on the surfaces of Ti6Al4V alloy nearly at all particle impingement angles and velocities were clearly detected.     

Several plasma diffusion processes for improving wear properties of Ti6Al4V alloy

Different kinds of diffusion processes, plasma nitriding, oxidizing and oxynitriding as of a combination of other two, have been applied to Ti6Al4V alloy to evaluate the effect of treatment times (1 and 4 h) and temperatures (650 and 750 °C) on wear properties of the alloy. It was observed that a hard modified layer was produced on the surface of the alloy after each diffusion process. While TiN and Ti₂N phases form in the modified layer with plasma nitriding, mainly TiO₂ phase forms after plasma oxidizing treatment. The wear tests performed at different normal loads showed that all treated samples, except for nitrided and oxidized at 650 °C for 1 h, exhibited higher wear resistance than untreated Ti6Al4V alloy. The plasma nitrided samples showed adhesive wear. On the other hand, while the plasma oxidizing samples displayed adhesive wear at lower loads, wear mechanism changed to abrasive wear as the load increased because the oxide film which covers the surface was broken during the sliding at higher loads.     

Improving of interfacial microstructure of Ti/Al joint during GTA welding by adopting pulsed current

Butt welding of titanium alloy TA15 to aluminum alloy Al2024 dissimilar lightweight metals was conducted using gas tungsten arc welding. Pulsed current was adopted in the welding process. Influence of pulsed current on morphologies and microstructure of Ti-Al intermetallics near the Ti/Al interface was investigated. Microstructure characteristics and phase constitution of weld zone near the Ti/Al interface were analyzed. In top surface and upper region of the joint, Ti base metal was partially melted, and continuous intermetallic layers with Ti₃Al, TiAl, and TiAl₃ were formed in the fusion zone. In middle and bottom regions of the joint, Ti base metal was not melted and a thin TiAl₃ layer was formed near the Ti/Al-brazed interface. Most of the Ti-Al intermetallics formed into discrete TiAl₃ precipitations in the weld metal in upper and middle regions of the joint. No precipitation was observed in bottom region of the joint. Thickness of continuous Ti-Al intermetallic layers in the fusion zone was controlled at a low degree by adopting pulsed current in the welding. Crack sensitivity of weld zone near the Ti/Al interface was decreased.