低电压驱动阵列电极式毛细管电泳芯片的研究

本文介绍了一种低电压驱动阵列电极式毛细管电泳芯片.在玻璃基片上溅射铂电极,在盖片上刻蚀毛细管电泳微沟道,以热键合的方法封接基片和盖片,并利用电极电压控制进行了电动进样实验.结果表明,本文设计制作的低电压驱动阵列电极式毛细管电泳芯片,可较大幅度地降低进样电压.     

凝胶基蛋白质芯片制备系统设计

设计构建了具有紫外实时检测功能的凝胶基蛋白质芯片制备系统,借助毛细管电泳技术制备出凝胶基蛋白质阵列。芯片制备系统包括高压电源、毛细管电泳、点样阵列化和紫外定量检测4个功能模块,其中高压电源具备可调输出功能,毛细管电泳加装了超声波振动除气泡机构,点样阵列化模块采用微米级三维位移台,紫外定量检测模块使用了280nm单色LED。通过调节电泳电压、蛋白质浓度、毛细管直径以及点样停留时间等参数,可以实现对样点大小和蛋白质含量的调节。     

低电压驱动毛细管电泳芯片电势分布的数值计算

低电压驱动阵列电极式毛细管电泳芯片是针对毛细管电泳芯片分离电压高、系统体积庞大的缺点,在原有芯片的结构上进行改进的电泳芯片.通过建立数学模型,计算了设置阵列电极后毛细管电泳微沟道内的电势分布,并与常规进样条件下微沟道内的电势分布进行比较,结果表明该方法可以使分离电压大幅度下降.     

一种高效率低成本制作微透镜阵列的方法

通常采用的多次掩模光刻和离子束刻蚀制作微透镜阵列的方法不但制作效率低,而且易产生较大的制作误差。提出了一种在硅基底聚合物薄膜上热压制作微透镜阵列的工艺方法,并利用自制的热压印设备进行了热压制作衍射微透镜阵列的试验,讨论了影响压印精度的温度和压力等工艺参数,对压印的衍射微透镜阵列进行了轮廓测试和部分光学性能测试。测试结果表明,压印制作微透镜阵列的复形误差小于10%,衍射效率高于90%,为高效率低成本制作微透镜阵列提供了一种新的方法。     

单通道和多通道毛细管光学元件－技术发展水平和应用

毛细管光学元件在X射线分析中的应用已有20多年的历史,在这段时间里,毛细管光学元件的制作技术发生了很大的变化。上世纪90年代初,使用的是组装的毛细管光学元件,目前,集成的多通道毛细管光学元件已广泛地应用于市场销售的X射线分析设备中。这些元件的毛细管直径在微米量级,其光学性质可以根据几何光学的光线追迹计算进行描述。最近,由于多通道毛细管制作技术的改进,已成功制成了200 nm及以下通道尺寸的毛细管光学元件。在这样小的通道尺寸下,观察到了X射线辐射的波动效应。最后文章介绍了毛细管光学元件在X射线微荧光分析和微衍射方面的应用。     

用于无模光刻的连续浮雕谐衍射透镜阵列设计

为了获得实时调焦写入以及高的系统分辨力和衍射效率,提出了一种基于连续浮雕谐衍射透镜阵列的无模光刻方法。该方法采用连续浮雕谐衍射透镜阵列作为无模光刻的物镜阵列,在兼顾系统分辨力和衍射效率基础上,由同一衍射透镜阵列实现聚焦写入和检焦;同时利用谐衍射透镜的深浮雕特性调制透镜的环带宽度,降低透镜的制作难度。在分析谐衍射透镜特点以及考虑激光直写制作工艺对连续深浮雕衍射聚焦特性影响的基础上,设计、制作并测试了设计波长为441.6nm,F数为7.5的连续浮雕谐衍射透镜阵列。测试结果表明,该阵列同时具有聚焦写入和检焦功能,且对写入激光和检焦激光的衍射效率均优于70%,有望改善无模光刻的制作质量。     

基于MEMS技术的PCR芯片及PDMS微腔阵列的设计

设计采用了将PCR加热器芯片与微反应腔阵列相分离的思想,利用微电子机械系统(MEMS)技术制作微加热芯片,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)材料制作一次性使用的微反应腔阵列.这样既可实现PCR的微型化,提高反应速率、节省反应试剂,又可解决生物兼容性和PCR污染的问题.     

新型可控焦距液体透镜阵列

为了提高成像品质,提出了一种新型液体透镜阵列镜头。先将油滴沉入弹性体底部形成具有可控焦距的单个液体平凸透镜,再通过唯一平台实验液体透镜阵列,制作液体透镜阵列。通过控制滴入硅胶基底的硅油液体体积大小,控制单个微透镜的折射面曲率和透镜焦距。通过位移平台,控制阵列中微透镜的排布和个数。透镜阵列制作方法简单且成本低,透镜抗挤压能力强,焦距可控,阵列规整,在制造过程中,可以控制镜头光圈和初始焦距,因此是一种实用性较高的透镜阵列。     

一种振动膜式双向微型电磁驱动器的制作工艺

主要阐述一种微型电磁驱动器的制作工艺,该驱动器由振动膜层和线圈层两层构成.振动振动膜材料为硅橡胶薄膜(PDMS,polydimethyl siloxane),在其中嵌入CoNiMnP永磁体阵列,采用电镀方法制作磁体阵列,由甩胶机旋涂硅橡胶并进行固化.磁体阵列中每一个小磁体块的尺寸(50x50x20)μm,其矫顽力,剩磁和最大磁能积分别为2623Oe(208.73kA/m),0.2T(2000G)和10.15kJ/m3.     

采用硅V型槽的一维光纤阵列的研制

阐述了一维光纤阵列的研制方法,分析了V型槽法中硅V型槽腐蚀机理,计算了V型槽的开口及间距与光纤半径及纤芯截面圆心距的关系,给出了最小槽深与光纤半径及V型槽开口的关系式。用各向异性腐蚀技术制作了硅V型槽,比较了紫外及红外粘接剂的性能,进行了光纤的排列、粘接及抛光,制作出一维光纤阵列。用原子力显微镜测量光纤阵列表面粗糙度为纳米量级,用ZYGO数字干涉仪检测光纤的端头位置误差为3~5 μm。该项工作为二维光纤阵列的高精度制备奠定了基础。     

基于液芯波导激光诱导荧光检测器的缝管自动进样毛细管电泳仪的研制及其在DNA分析中的应用

介绍一种自行研制的毛细管电泳仪。以半导体激光器作为激发光源,使用液芯波导石英毛细管同时作为电泳分离通道和荧光检测光路,结合基于取样探针、缺口型样品圆盘两者的缝管自动进样系统,以激光诱导荧光的检测方式实现对两种常用DNA分子标记物（DNA Marker）快速、低耗、准确的有效检测。该仪器具有结构简单、体积小、操作方便等特点。     

FTIR spectroscopy and nanotribological comparative studies: influence of the adsorbed water layers on the tribological behaviour

Under ambient conditions, a water film is always present on a silica substrate and generates additional capillary forces between the nanotip and the studied surface. In the present paper, we report AFM measurements of pull-off and friction forces as a function of the temperature and a comparative FTIR spectroscopy study. The AFM results show a net decrease of the forces as the temperature increases, while the IR spectroscopy indicates that the liquid film is removed at high temperature. Consequently, we deduce that a liquid neck is created between the tip and the surface and that the forces measured are mostly capillary forces. The present work shows that temperature studies with AFM can be a useful way to probe the influence of the capillary force in turn to characterize surface properties.     

用于纳米气溶胶质谱仪的毛细管进样接口传输特性研究

采用自制的X射线离子诱导成核纳米颗粒物生成装置,通过纳米扫描迁移率颗粒物粒径谱仪（Nano-SMPS）测量纳米颗粒物通过毛细管之前、之后的粒谱分布,获得了纳米颗粒物穿透率随毛细管的内径、长度及进样流量的变化曲线,并对纳米颗粒物在毛细管中的传输损耗进行实验探究。同时,结合气溶胶颗粒物传输沉积模型,对纳米颗粒物的穿透率进行理论计算,并与实验测量值进行比较和讨论。结果表明,对于粒径小于10 nm的纳米颗粒物,受布朗运动等因素的影响,其穿透率与毛细管的尺寸及进样流量有较强的相关性。此外,采用毛细管进样接口结合激光电离气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪对部分纳米颗粒物的化学成分进行检测,获得了初步的实验结果。     

On the Possibility of Using Glass Capillaries as Probes of an Atomic-Force Microscope Operating in a Hybrid Mode

Instruments and Experimental Techniques - The possibility of using a glass capillary as a probe of an atomic-force microscope operating in a hybrid mode is demonstrated. Examples of obtaining a...     

Adhesive-free colloidal probes for nanoscale force measurements: production and characterization

We describe novel approaches for the production and characterization of epoxy- and adhesive-free colloidal probes for atomic force microscopy (AFM). Borosilicate glass microspheres are strongly attached to commercial AFM cantilevers exploiting the capillary adhesion force due to the formation of a water meniscus, and then a thermal annealing of the sphere-cantilever system at a temperature slightly below the softening point of borosilicate glass. Controlling the wettability of the surfaces involved turned out to be a crucial element for the control of surface adhesion and for the implementation of a completely adhesive-free production method of colloidal probes. Moreover, we present a statistical characterization protocol of the probe dimensions and roughness based on the AFM inverse imaging of colloidal probes on spiked gratings. We have assessed the influence of defects of the grating on the characterization of the probe, and discussed the accuracy of our characterization technique in comparison to the methods based on scanning electron or optical microscopy, or on the manual analysis of AFM inverse images.     

Development and testing of a pressure probe for centerline static pressure measurement in supersonic nozzles and ejectors

This work describes the development and testing of a system for measuring static pressure along the axis of supersonic flow devices such as convergent–divergent nozzles or ejectors. The pressure probe consists of a capillary tube positioned at the ejector centerline. A hole is perforated perpendicularly on the wall of the thin tube to capture and deport the static pressure measurement to a piezoelectric sensor located at one extremity of the tube outside the ejector. The measurements obtained are compared with numerical results from computational fluid dynamics simulations and wall pressure measurements. The first tests demonstrate the good capability of the pressure probe to detect shocks occurring in the flow and to provide continuous axial distributions of the static pressure.     

Application of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry to the characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high-resolution technique for the separation of complex biological mixtures and has been widely applied to biological analyses. The coupling of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry (MS) provides a powerful approach for rapid identification of target analytes present at trace levels in biological matrices, and for structural characterization of complex biomolecules. Here we review the analytical potential of combined capillary electrophoresis electrospray mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for the analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This hyphened methodology facilitates the determination of closely related LPS glycoform and isoform families by exploiting differences in their unique molecular conformations and ionic charge distributions by electrophoretic separation. On-line CE-MS also provides an additional avenue to improve detection limits, which has been successfully applied to directly probe oligosaccharide LPS glycoform populations of bacteria isolated from infected animal models without the need for further passage.     

High-accuracy roundness measurement by a new error separation method

This paper presents a new error separation method for accurate roundness measurement called the orthogonal mixed method. This method uses the information of one displacement probe and one angle probe to separate roundness error from spindle error. This method was developed from the mixed method, which uses the information of two displacement probes and one angle probe to carry out the error separation. In the present paper, the relationship between the characteristics of the mixed method and the probe arrangement is analyzed. Well-balanced harmonic response of the mixed method is verified to be obtainable for the case where the angular distance between the displacement probe and the angle probe is set at 90°. This orthogonal mixed method also had the simplest probe arrangement, because it requires only one displacement probe and one angle probe to realize the error separation. Optical probes were used to construct an experimental measurement system that employs the orthogonal mixed method. The displacement probe and the angle probe both use the principle of the critical angle method of total reflection, and they have stabilities of 1 nm and 0.01 in., respectively. The measurement results show that roundness measurement can be performed with a repeatability on the order of several nanometers.     

透明毛细管管壁折射率的无损测量

介绍了一种无损测量透明毛细管管壁折射率的方法。该方法利用平行光经过装有不同已知折射率标准液体的毛细管后会聚焦点位置不同的原理,通过CCD对会聚焦点位置成像后的图像进行判断,计算出毛细管外轮廓位置和焦距,进而计算出毛细管管壁的折射率,其测量精度可达0.005。分析了毛细管内外径对管壁折射率测量的影响,结果表明,管壁越厚,测量精度越高;同时对毛细管管壁折射率灵敏度和成像系统的景深值进行了计算和比较,结果显示,标准液体折射率越低,标定精度越高。该方法使用设备简单,操作方便,便于对图像观察和识别,实现了对毛细管管壁折射率的无损精确测量。     

多孔槽复合吸液芯制备及毛细性能研究

本文通过采用电化学沉积方法,在铜沟槽管内表面制备得到多孔槽复合吸液芯。利用SEM对复合吸液芯进行微观形貌分析,并搭建吸液芯毛细性能测试平台,探究了电解液溶度对复合吸液芯毛细性能的影响。结果表明,电化学沉积制备的复合吸液芯毛细性能均优于沟槽吸液芯,其中电解液溶度为0.03mol/L时,复合吸液芯的毛细性能最好,毛细上升高度为46.5 mm,与沟槽吸液芯相比,毛细上升高度提升了52.3%。