一种改进的谱聚类彩色图像分割方法

提出一种改进的基于谱聚类的彩色图像分割方法,首先引入Levin's Affinity的权函数代替传统的高斯核函数建立相似矩阵来构造带权无向图,从而更精细地刻画出数据间的特征相似性;其次,采用线性映射将图嵌入到一个由部分特征向量生成的子空间中,使得数据映射到新的空间后也能较好的保留其在原空间中的结构;最后,在生成的子空间中用K均值聚类算法进行聚类从而为每个像素点分配类标签达到彩色图像分割的目的.与相关谱聚类算法进行图像分割的结果比较证实了改进算法的有效性和显著性.     

基于自组织神经网络的彩色图像自适应聚类分割

针对一般聚类分割算法对于色彩丰富、背景复杂的图像容易造成聚类重叠,引起像素错误分类的缺点,提出一种新的基于自组织特征映射神经网络的彩色图像分割方法．首先利用各像素的RGB值作为输入样本对网络进行训练,然后根据竞争层特征映射点的密度分布图,利用自组织映射分析的方法,确定图像颜色的聚类数和聚类中心,最后利用距离竞争取胜的原则处理每个像素,从而实现彩色图像的区域分割．通过实例验证,该方法能够较好地完成彩色图像的自适应聚类分割,处理效果良好．     

基于Kinect相机的深度图像空洞修复及超像素分割算法

针对Kinect相机原始深度图像存在空洞的问题,提出了一种结合彩色图像局部边缘信息的深度图像空洞修复算法。首先,通过双边滤波修复较小空洞;其次,根据彩色图像局部边缘信息将较大空洞分为无边缘和有边缘2类;最后,对第1类无边缘空洞进行均值填充修复,对第2类有边缘空洞先根据彩色图像局部边缘特征分割空洞,再分别由外而内逐步修复,从而完成所有的空洞修复。空洞修复完成后,融合深度信息重新建立了线性谱聚类核函数,并基于此提出一种融合深度信息的线性谱聚类超像素分割算法(LSC-D)。实验结果表明,与其他方法相比,提出的深度图像空洞修复算法具有更高的修复准确度,提出的LSC-D超像素分割算法具有更低的欠分割错误率和更高的边界召回率。     

基于改进的K均值聚类彩色图像分割方法

提出了一种改进的K均值聚类图像分割方法。针对彩色图像的像素特征,利用Ohta等人的研究成果,选取能有效表示彩色像素特征的彩色特征集中的第一个分量作为图像像素的一维特征向量,用来替代经典K均值聚类图像分割中的灰度．大大降低了运算量。基于粗糙集理论的算法,求出初始聚类个数与均值。选用对特征空间结构没有特殊要求的特征距离代替欧氏距离,应用改进的K均值聚类算法对样本数据进行聚类,从而实现对彩色图像的快速自动分割。实验表明,该图像分割算法可有效提高图像分类的精度和准确度,并且运算代价小．收敛速度快。     

基于测地线的超像素谱聚类彩色图像分割

在图像分割中谱聚类算法得到了广泛的应用,但传统谱聚类算法易受到彩色图像大小和相似性测度的影响,导致计算量大和分割精度低的问题。为了解决这两个问题,提出一种新的基于超像素集测地线特征的谱聚类分割算法。该方法通过对彩色图像进行预分割得到超像素集,并以超像素集为基础构造加权图,利用测地线距离特征和颜色特征构造权值矩阵,最后应用NJW（Ng-Jordan-Weiss）算法得到最终的分割结果。对比实验结果表明该算法在分割精度和计算复杂度上都有较大改善。     

基于空间特征的谱聚类含噪图像分割

为克服传统谱聚类算法应用到含噪图像分割时易受到图像中噪声影响的问题,提出一种基于空间特征的谱聚类含噪图像分割算法。该方法利用图像各个像素的灰度信息、局部空间邻接信息及非局部空间信息设计像素的三维特征,通过引入空间紧致性函数建立像素特征点与其K个最近邻之间的相似性,进而利用谱聚类算法得到图像的最终分割结果。实验中采用含噪的人工图像、自然图像及合成孔径雷达图像与空间模糊聚类、规范切谱聚类和Nystrm方法3种算法进行对比实验,实验结果验证文中方法能克服图像中噪声影响并取得较满意的分割效果。     

一种新的高光谱遥感图像超像素分割方法

为了解决简单线性迭代聚类算法在高光谱遥感图像超像素分割任务中分割精度较低的问题,提出一种基于多级线性迭代聚类结合改进标签传播算法(LPA)的新的无监督高光谱遥感图像超像素分割方法。首先,扩充简单线性迭代聚类(SLIC)的适用范围至多通道对高光谱图像进行超像素初分割;然后,对色彩标准差较大的超像素进行多级迭代细致分割,引入基于局部二进制模式的高光谱遥感图像纹理特征提取方法计算高光谱图像纹理特征并融合多段光谱特征计算超像素间相似度以构建带权图网络;最后,改进LPA社区发现方法进行超像素合并,将改进的标签传播算法运用于超像素合并可以得到更加稳定准确的超像素合并效果,提高超像素分割精度。将该方法与多种方法进行比较,结果表明,该方法对高光谱遥感图像的超像素分割结果更准确,超像素边缘更贴合真实地物边界,能有效改善高光谱遥感图像超像素分割中精度较低的问题。     

基于PCA的彩色印刷图像色彩分割算法

针对彩色图像的印刷过程中,原图像的色彩分割问题,提出了基于PCA(主成分分析)并结合其它典型彩色图像分割方法的新分割算法;该算法首先利用PCA算法把图像分解为主特征分量和残特征分量两分量图;然后采用二次分水岭算法对残特征分量图进行分割;利用K-Means算法对主特征分量图进行聚类初分割,接着对聚类初分割后的图像进行相似色彩区域融合;最后把分割后的两分量图的进行融合,得到最终的分割结果图;该算法可以应用于彩色印刷图像的色彩自动分割和彩色印刷过程的自动色彩控制中。     

单幅散焦图像的局部特征模糊分割算法

当前局部特征模糊分割算法没有对单幅散焦图像进行预处理,导致单幅散焦图像的清晰度较低,从而影响分割效果。原有的模糊分割算法在像素分割的过程中,像素标签量巨大,从而导致分割过程复杂。为此,提出利用免疫谱聚类算法实现对单幅散焦图像的局部特征模糊分割。首先,通过分块的方法对局部模糊图像进行再次模糊;然后,比较模糊前后散焦图像的奇异值变化,并以该变化为依据对散焦图像进行标识 ;最后,提取出单幅散焦图像的奇异值特征,进而实现单幅散焦图像的局部特征模糊分割的目标。利用谱聚类的方法对散焦图像中的像素点样本进行聚类,采用Nystrm逼近方法对像素点相似性矩阵的特征向量进行计算,降低了计算的复杂度;同时利用免疫算法提高聚类结果的准确性,保证了散焦图像的局部特征模糊分割结果。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效地对单幅散焦图像进行分割,分割的效果较好,计算过程较为简单。     

基于SOM神经网和K-均值算法的图像分割

提出了一种基于SOM神经网络和K-均值的图像分割算法。SOM网络将多维数据映射到低维规则网格中,可以有效地用于大型数据的挖掘;而K-均值是一种动态聚类算法,适用于中小型数据的聚类。文中算法利用SOM网络将具有相似特征的象素S点映射到一个2-D神经网上,再根据神经元间的相似性,利用K-均值算法将神经元聚类。文中将该算法用于彩色图像的分割,并给出了经SOM神经网初聚类后,不同K值下神经元聚类对图像分割的结果及与单纯K-均值分割图像进行对比。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.