智能复合材料结构的主动振动控制

本文提出应用电流变体(Electro-Rheological Fluids)材料作为复合材料结构振动主动控制的材料,针对含电流变体材料的智能复合材料悬臂梁,进行了振动的主动控制,测试了智能复合材料悬臂梁在外加电场作用下,弹性模量、衰减系数、固有频率等振动特性的变化,同时,针对不同的梁材料,给出了材料变化对梁振动控制的影响.     

复合压电水平悬臂梁振动俘能特性试验及机电耦合模型研究

压电悬臂梁具有较好的振动俘能特性,然而其复杂力电特性及模型相关研究的不充分性导致实际应用受到制约。鉴于此,开展复合压电水平悬臂梁振动俘能特性试验及模型研究：首先,基于电路和结构基础设计搭建压电悬臂梁振动能量转换电能的试验系统,试验结果显示,压电悬臂梁俘能系统能量转换能力受外部激励频率、内部电路负载以及结构设计配重等条件的影响,其机电转换特性复杂,电压/电流-应变关系曲线呈近似椭圆形,功率-应变关系曲线呈近似蝴蝶形,还观测到由于结构自身及其配重的重力效应导致特性曲线形状呈现偏置现象;然后,提出力电耦合数学模型用于复合压电水平悬臂梁系统俘能的力电特性描述,通过与试验数据比较,验证该模型不但可以精确预测振动回收的电能(功率),还可有效模拟电压/电流-应变和功率-应变的复杂力电特性,且对试验特性曲线存在的偏置现象也能较好的模拟。试验和模型研究成果将对压电悬臂俘能系统在工程领域的进一步应用提供必要的理论基础。     

双稳悬臂梁电磁式振动能量采集研究

以双磁铁结构建立的双稳悬臂梁电磁式振动能量采集系统为研究对象,采用形状修正函数法和磁化电流理论分析了双稳悬臂梁振动响应特性,并根据电磁感应原理探索了运动坐标系下电磁感应电动势的精确仿真方法。数值模拟和实验验证表明,所建立的非线性磁力和磁场的分析以及悬臂梁振动响应和感应电动势的计算是合理正确的,可用于双稳悬臂梁电磁式振动能量采集系统的感应电动势和输出功率进行有效评估。     

基于Poly IIR方法悬臂梁模态参数识别与研究

该文为研究某风机旋转叶片的断裂原因,利用振动试验台悬臂梁进行类似的振动分析,首先利用弹性体一维振动理论得到悬臂梁的振动数学模型。通过伯努利-欧拉梁理论计算得到悬臂梁振动微分方程,并且对悬臂梁设定与风机叶片相似的边界约束条件计算得到各阶模态参数,利用Workbench有限元仿真分析得到悬臂梁前5阶固有频率与振型,最后用基于Poly IIR算法进行悬臂梁EMA参数识别,得到悬臂梁弯曲与扭转模态频率与振型,验证仿真值、实验值的一致性,可为后续动力旋转机械叶片的设计选型以及结构优化分析提供一定的参考。     

纵-弯复合系统的振动特性研究

本文对一种常用的纵－弯复合振动系统进行了研究，该系统由一个弯曲振动工具头及一个纵振动驱动系统组成，文中对复合振动系统的振动特性进行了理论及实验研究，推出了系统的共振及反共振频率方程，还导出了复合振动系统的机械输入阻抗，并对系统的共振频率随长度的变化规律进行了探讨，实验表明，复合振动系统共振频率的测试值与计算值符合较好，系统的共振频率随振动系统几何尺寸的变化而变化，并且，弯曲振动系统的尺寸变化对频率     

电磁力参数自寻优的转子多频振动主动抑制

提出一种转子多频振动的在线主动抑制方法,该方法利用电磁作动器向转子施加多个与转子振动频率相匹配的旋转电磁力,通过在线自寻优的方式确定电磁作动器的控制电流相位和幅值,使施加的多个频率成分的旋转电磁力能够削减转子的多频振动幅值,实现转子系统的多频振动在线抑制。首先建立了转子-轴承-电磁作动器系统动力学模型;提出一种转子系统多频振动的主动抑制方法,对该方法的有效性和可行性进行了理论推导;建立了电磁作动器控制电流相位和幅值的寻优模型,提出一种控制电流相位的整周寻优策略;随后搭建实验装置,进行了实验研究,理论推导和实验结果均表明该方法能够实现转子的多个频率成分振动的主动抑制。     

悬臂梁裂纹参数识别方法研究

基于Bernoulli-Euler梁振动理论,以等效弹簧来模拟裂纹引起的局部软化效应,推导了含裂纹悬臂梁振动频率的特征方程,直接利用该特征方程,提出一种有效估计裂纹参数的优化方法,通过测量频率和分析频率误差,用目标函数最小化可识别裂纹参数-裂纹位置和裂纹深度.最后,应用含裂纹悬臂梁实验来说明本文方法的有效性.实验结果表明只需梁结构前三阶频率即可识别裂纹位置和深度.在测量频率存在较小误差情况下,该方法能给出比较准确的裂纹参数识别结果,在误差较大情况下,仍可为更精确的局部探测给出大致范围,此外,利用高阶频率来识别裂纹参数可能使该目标函数产生不规律的变化,甚至得到错误的识别结果.     

压电复合梁热机电耦合有限元模型

压电材料应用于航天结构形状或振动控制时,可能会受到热场、力场和电场的共同作用。为分析处于热场、力场和电场共同作用下的压电复合结构,文中基于高阶剪切变形理论、高阶电势模型和线性温度分布假设,利用虚功原理建立了压电复合梁结构的热-机-电耦合有限元模型。该模型可应用于热机电耦合压电复合结构的形状与振动控制研究。利用本文模型对压电双晶片梁、压电复合悬臂梁进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与文献给出的理论结果和实验值吻合良好,表明本文模型是正确有效的。     

电流变体的粘弹性

电流变体是智能材料与结构中一种重要的致动器材料.本文对电流变体在电场作用下的粘弹性特性进行了实验研究.本文对电流变体进行了强制振荡试验,测试了流体在不同应力幅值、应 力频率下的剪切模量变化,得到了电流变体的复剪切模量以及剪切存储模量、损耗模量随外加电场变化的规律.     

压电陶瓷激励微悬臂梁的动态特性

结合流体中微悬臂梁振动频率响应的理论模型,通过实验、理论计算和基于流固耦合的有限元仿真3种方法,分析了在空气和去离子水中不同结构、尺寸的微悬臂梁的谐振频率、品质因子以及幅频响应曲线,并对3种方法得到的结果进行了对比.结果显示,空气中各种方法得到的谐振频率较为吻合,相对于实验值的偏差在1%以内.去离子水中,梁谐振频率的理论值和仿真值基本一致,而实验值则较大,前两者相对于实验值的偏差在13.9%～27.3%之间;对于品质因子,理论值和仿真值依然较一致,但相对于实验值出现较大偏差,最大达70.5%.分析表明,对于液体环境下压电陶瓷激励的微悬臂梁,频率响应曲线中干扰峰的存在会严重影响微悬臂梁品质因子的准确测量.微悬臂梁动态特性的研究对基于微悬臂梁的传感器的设计优化和液相原子力显微术的应用具有一定意义.     

电流变弹性体夹层结构梁的动力学仿真研究

对电流变弹性体夹层悬臂梁在不同电场控制下的振动响应特性和可控性进行研究。将电流变弹性体等效为一种具有电控力学性能的粘弹性阻尼材料,基于Hamilton原理建立了三层电流变弹性体夹层梁的有限元动力学方程,仿真分析了其在不同外加电场控制下的振动特性。分析结果显示,随着外加电场强度的增加,电流变弹性体夹层梁的固有频率不断增大,振动幅值却不断减小。表明电流变弹性体夹层梁具有与电流变液夹层梁相似的可控振动响应特性,能在外加电场作用下实现对结构振动的实时控制。     

Efficiency of the method of spectral vibrodiagnostics for fatigue damage of structural elements. Part 3. Analytical and numerical determination of natural frequencies of longitudinal and bending vibrations of beams with transverse cracks. Solution

Based on the concepts of linear fracture mechanics, we derive analytical expressions for the determinational of natural frequencies of longitudinal and bending vibrations of beams which are rectangular in cross section, are fixed in different ways, have variable ratios of the section height to the beam length, and have transverse cracks of various types. The results of the analytical solution are compared with those obtained by the finite-element method as well as with experimental data obtained by the authors and other scientists. The analytical solution under consideration is shown to be quite simple and provide a fairly good accuracy of the results obtained. Using a cantilever beam with one or two symmetrical edge cracks or a central through crack as an example, we consider the possible dependence of the relative change in natural frequencies of vibration on the relative crack length, crack location, and the vibration mode of a beam. We discuss the possible methods of evaluating the crack size and location from the results of experimental determination of the change in natural vibration frequencies of a cracked beam. Institute of Problems of Strength, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 19–31, July–August, 1999.     

Winkler地基上修正Timoshenko梁振动分析

利用Bernoulli-Euler梁理论建立的弹性地基梁模型应用广泛,但其在高阶频率及深梁计算中误差较大,利用修正的Timoshenko梁理论建立新的弹性地基梁振动微分方程,由于其在Timoshenko梁的基础上考虑了剪切变形所引起的转动惯量,因而具有更好的精确度。利用ANAYS beam54梁单元进行振动模态的有限元计算,所求结果与理论基本无误差,从而验证了该理论的正确性。基于修正Timoshenko梁振动理论推导出了弹性地基梁双端自由-自由、简支-简支、简支-自由、固支-固支等多种边界条件下的频率超越方程及模态函数。分析了弹性地基梁在不同理论下不同约束条件及不同高跨比情况下的计算结果,从而论证了该理论计算弹性地基梁的适用性。分析了不同弹性地基梁理论下波速、群速度与波数的关系。得到了约束条件和梁长对振动模态及地基刚度对振动频率有重要影响等结论。     

磁流变夹层简支梁的有限元分析

智能材料——磁流变液(MRF)的流变特性如粘性、剪切弹性模量等随外加磁场可迅速、可逆变化,MRF可用于复合智能夹层梁板结构。建立了MRF简支夹层梁有限元模型,分别形成每层的单元矩阵,推导了MRF夹层梁的动力学方程,研究了上下面板为铝板条的MRF夹层梁的振动特性,进行了实验验证,计算与实验结果吻合较好:随着外加磁场强度的增加,梁的固有频率和损耗因子均增大,说明磁流变液在外加磁场作用下对夹层梁有显著的抑振作用。     

Active vibration control of smart composites featuring electro-rheological fluids

Our experimental investigations are focused on evaluating the elastodynamic response characteristics of a beam fabricated in an electrorheological fluid when the beam is subjected to forced vibration. The beam which is designed in this experiment is composed of three kinds of materials, i.e. structural material, damping material and sealant material. Different ratios of structural material to damping material have been tested in an applied electric field. The results demonstrate clearly the ability to significantly change the vibrational characteristics of a beam fabricated in a smart composite by changing the electric field intensity imposed on the fluid domains. The ASTM standard E756-83 equations are used to evaluate the Young's modulus of the beam.     

Vibration Damping Using CCII-Based Inductance Simulators

In this paper, we present an application of second- generation current-conveyor (CCII)-based active inductance simulators to mechanical vibration damping. The oscillation amplitude of a metallic beam, which is near some resonant frequencies, can be reduced by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through a piezoelectric transducer that is bonded to the beam. An electric circuit, which is made up of the piezoelectric transducer, a resistance, and an inductance, accomplishes the task of dissipating the energy. To this end, the natural frequency of the circuit should be close to the natural frequency of interest of the mechanical system. The high value that is requested for the inductance (thousands of Henrys) can only be achieved through an inductance-simulator circuit. In the literature, the circuit implementations of the inductance simulators are typically based on operational amplifiers, such as the Antoniou circuit. In this paper, we make use of the CCIIs, which allow us to obtain both grounded and floating equivalent inductances that work within a regulated frequency range from three to four decades. The effectiveness of the traditional inductance simulators and CCII-based simulators is discussed, comparing the responses of an experimental mechanical-electrical system, with different circuit implementations, through experimental results. The use of series-resistance compensation, which is obtained through the use of a suitable topology based on the CCIIs, in the implementation of the equivalent inductance, allows one to obtain the best vibration damping, as confirmed by measurements, for all the natural mechanical frequencies of the realized system.     

热载荷作用下嵌入SMA丝复合材料梁的横向自由振动

基于形状记忆合金Brinson一维热力学本构方程,采用复合材料细观力学分析方法,建立了热载荷作用下嵌入SMA丝复合材料梁的一维热弹性本构关系。其次利用Euler-Bernoulli梁的轴线可伸长几何非线性理论和自由振动理论,建立了嵌入SMA丝复合材料梁在均匀升温场内自由振动的动力学控制方程,导出了热过屈曲构形附近嵌入SMA丝复合材料梁微幅横向自由振动的模型。最后通过打靶法求解了两端固定约束条件下嵌入形状记忆合金丝复合材料梁在加热过程中的振动响应,获得了梁的前四阶固有频率在不同SMA相对体积含量时随温度变化的特征关系曲线。数值结果表明,SMA丝相变过程中的回复应力和弹性模量变化对梁在过屈曲前后的各阶固有频率均有影响,是实现梁自振频率主动控制的一种有效方法。     

Identification of composite uncertain material parameters from experimental modal data

Stochastic analysis of structures using probability methods requires the statistical knowledge of uncertain material parameters. This is often quite easier to identify these statistics indirectly from structure response by solving an inverse stochastic problem. In this paper, a robust and efficient inverse stochastic method based on the non-sampling generalized polynomial chaos method is presented for identifying uncertain elastic parameters from experimental modal data. A data set on natural frequencies is collected from experimental modal analysis for sample orthotropic plates. The Pearson model is used to identify the distribution functions of the measured natural frequencies. This realization is then employed to construct the random orthogonal basis for each vibration mode. The uncertain parameters are represented by polynomial chaos expansions with unknown coefficients and the same random orthogonal basis as the vibration modes. The coefficients are identified via a stochastic inverse problem. The results show good agreement with experimental data.     

Free vibration of magneto-electro-elastic nanobeams based on modified couple stress theory in thermal environment

In this paper, the size-dependent free vibration of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) nanobeams in thermal environment is investigated. Size effects are taken into account using the modified couple stress theory, which is capable of accounting for higher-order electromechanical coupling, and the equations are developed on the basis of Euler–Bernoulli beam model and using von Karman nonlinear strain. The vibration of hinged–hinged nanobeams is investigated by way of example. Effects of various parameters such as temperature, thickness, and length on natural frequencies are demonstrated, and it is indicated that increased length and decreased thickness lead to decreased nanobeam natural frequencies.     

On the stability of a microbeam conveying fluid considering modified couple stress theory

In this paper, the size-dependent vibrational behavior of a microbeam conveying fluid was investigated using the Modified Couple Stress Theory. For cantilever and clamped-clamped microbeams, the small amplitude vibration equation of the micro-beams was solved using a Galerkin based reduced order model and the effects of material length-scale parameter on its natural frequencies were evaluated. It was found that for the both cantilever and clamped-clamped conditions, the critical fluid velocities predicted by the modified couple stress theory are higher than those predicted by the classical beam theory. In addition, the differences between the eigen-frequencies and the critical fluid velocities predicted by the modified couple stress theory and classical beam theory depends on the ratio of the material length-scale parameter to the beam height. In addition an unexpected result in the difference between the first eigen-frequency of the cantilever micro-beam obtained by the classical and the modified couple stress theory has been achieved.