半固态挤压铸造A356合金在热处理过程中的组织和性能演化

半固态挤压铸造的A356合金首先在540℃下进行固溶处理,随着固溶温度升高,Mg和Si原子逐渐溶解于基体中,并产生了固溶强化作用。抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度在固溶6 h达到峰值,之后合金力学性能随固溶时间延长而下降。在固溶处理之后合金在180℃下进行了不同时间的时效处理。随着时效时间延长,Mg₂Si相逐渐在基体中析出,析出相显著球化细化,尺寸约为2μm。经过对合金组织和力学性能的分析,半固态挤压铸造A356合金的最佳热处理制度为:540℃固溶6h,180℃时效4h。经过固溶和时效处理后的合金抗拉强度达到336 MPa,延伸率达到6.9%,硬度达到1240 MPa,相较于热处理前的性能提升了106.7%。     

半固态挤压铸造A356合金在热处理过程中的组织和性能演化（英文）

半固态挤压铸造的A356合金首先在540℃下进行固溶处理,随着固溶温度升高,Mg和Si原子逐渐溶解于基体中,并产生了固溶强化作用。抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度在固溶6 h达到峰值,之后合金力学性能随固溶时间延长而下降。在固溶处理之后合金在180℃下进行了不同时间的时效处理。随着时效时间延长,Mg2Si相逐渐在基体中析出,析出相显著球化细化,尺寸约为2μm。经过对合金组织和力学性能的分析,半固态挤压铸造A356合金的最佳热处理制度为:540℃固溶6h,180℃时效4h。经过固溶和时效处理后的合金抗拉强度达到336 MPa,延伸率达到6.9%,硬度达到1240 MPa,相较于热处理前的性能提升了106.7%。     

喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr系合金热处理工艺研究

采用硬度、力学性能测试,金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察,X射线衍射分析,研究了不同固溶及时效处理条件下喷射成形A l-7.61Zn-3.57Mg-1.79Cu-0.25Zr合金的力学性能和显微组织结构。结果表明,该喷射成形合金经挤压后基体组织细小均匀,固溶温度达490℃时,合金晶粒明显长大,出现过烧现象。合金适宜的固溶时效工艺为:480℃×60 m in+120℃×28 h。在此条件下,合金的抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、伸长率δ、布氏硬度分别为674 MPa、601 MPa、10.6%和173 HB。合金的断裂形式为微孔聚集韧性断裂。     

固溶+时效处理对6A02铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及力学性能测试等手段,研究了固溶时效制度对6A02铝合金组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:在520℃固溶温度下,保温45 min下6A02铝合金能达到固溶要求.合金的峰时效制度为160℃/14h,在峰时效状态下,第二相细小弥散,合金的抗拉强度达到360 MPa...     

La变质4004铝合金的热处理

研究了固溶及时效处理对La变质4004铝合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高、固溶时间的延长,合金中共晶硅熔断并粒化,500℃固溶6 h时性能达到最佳;随着时效温度的升高、时效时间的延长,合金硬度先升高后降低,时效温度为200℃、时效时间6 h时其硬度达到最高值112 HBW。变质4004铝合金最佳热处理工艺为:500℃×6 h固溶+200℃×6 h时效。     

喷射成形7055铝合金热处理工艺与力学性能的研究

主要研究了喷射成形7055铝合金经过反挤压成型以及热处理后的金相显微组织和力学性能.对挤压态合金进行固溶处理和时效处理后得到了时效硬化曲线并进行了力学性能测试.结果显示:480℃×2h的固溶制度为最佳固溶制度;通过测试硬度值确定最佳单级时效制度为120℃×18h,其硬度可达209HV.抗拉强度为692.12MPa,伸长率为3%.为了进一步提高该合金的伸长率,又对固溶处理件进行双级时效处理(120℃×3h 160℃×4h),其硬度为205HV,抗拉强度为683MPa,伸长率为9.5%.     

固溶温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr合金组织与性能的影响

采用电子拉伸试验机、显微硬度计、洛氏硬度计、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等对不同固溶状态下Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr超高强铝合金的硬度、力学性能及组织等进行了系统的研究.结果表明,随固溶温度的升高,合金的硬度和强度不断升高,在753 K时合金的综合性能最好,σb=577 MPa,σ0.2=521 MPa,δ=11.7%;但当温度高于758 K时,合金的硬度、强度急剧下降.组织观察表明,随固溶温度的升高,时效组织中的析出相数量不断增多,均匀程度也不断提高,密度也不断增大,颗粒也变得细小,但当温度达到763K时,在合金组织内部能观察到明显的过烧现象,组织中出现复熔组织.另外,随固溶温度的升高,合金的应力腐蚀敏感性先不断降低,然后又急剧上升.其中,753K时合金的应力腐蚀敏感性最低,只有17.36%,相对于713 K时的合金抗应力腐蚀性能提高了约51.2%.     

热处理工艺对6082铝合金性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对6082铝合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度、硬度也随之升高,然后趋于平缓;断后伸长率先下降,随后升高。固溶时间对合金的抗拉强度、硬度以及断后伸长率影响较小。此外,随着时效温度的上升,合金的抗拉强度、硬度先上升至峰值,再略微下降;断后伸长率先下降至较低值,然后略微上升。合金在170℃时效后,其抗拉强度达到最高,为368 MPa,硬度达到115 HB。随着时效时间的延长,合金的抗拉强度、硬度以及断后伸长率变化较小。最后得出,6082铝合金在530~570℃固溶处理2~4 h,冷水冷却后,在170~190℃时效6~8 h,可获得最佳的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度可达360 MPa以上,断后伸长率大于12%。     

喷射成形6061铝合金的热处理工艺

对喷射成形6061铝合金的热处理工艺进行研究,采用硬度测试、拉伸试验和透射电镜等研究固溶温度、时效温度和时效保温时间对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:随固溶温度的升高,合金硬度也随之升高,而其抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率则先增大后减小;合金硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度随时效温度的升高先增大后减小,断后伸长率却一直减小;合金硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度曲线随时效温保温时间的延长呈驼峰状变化,断后伸长率则变化不大,只在17 h时有所增大;喷射成形6061铝合金的最佳热处理工艺为530℃固溶1 h+175℃时效8 h。     

热处理对Al-Cu-Mn铸造铝合金组织和性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、时效时间、时效温度对Al-Cu-Mn铸造铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,合金经过530℃×14 h固溶处理后,晶界残留相最少;时效温度为170℃时,合金的硬度(HBW)随时效时间延长先增大后减小,在6h时达到峰值(145);在不同温度下时效6 h后,合金的抗拉强度、硬度(HBW)随时效温度的上升先增大后减小,均在170℃时达到峰值,为480 MPa和145,伸长率随时效温度的升高而迅速下降。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.