管理规范化提升工程运行绩效影响机理研究

现有研究较少关注工程运行管理阶段管理规范化对绩效的影响,并且管理规范化提升工程运行绩效的"黑箱"尚未打开.为进一步探讨在工程运行阶段开展实施管理规范化对运行绩效的影响,通过引入个人任务绩效、合作满意度和知识能力3个中介变量,结合以往文献构建中介模型.结果表明:管理规范化正向影响运行绩效提升;个人任务绩效、合作满意度和知...     

基于关系治理的建设项目绩效研究

关系治理能够有效促进建设项目绩效提升,但既有研究缺乏对组织间关系治理与项目绩效机制边界条件的探讨.在建设项目背景下,以知识共享为中介变量,项目经理领导力作为调节变量引入关系治理机制,利用文献综述做出研究假设的基础之上构建具有调节机制的中介模型.实证研究发现:关系治理正向影响建设项目绩效;知识共享在关系治理对建设项目绩效...     

排水砂井在某高等级公路软基处理中的应用效果分析

本文全面介绍了华南地区某高等级公路采用排水砂井堆载预压法加固软基的实际效果,现场应力应变测试资料分析表明:施工期至预压期地基平均固结度达80 %强;土体抗剪强度由天然地基的12 2kPa提高到加固后的2 4 0kPa ,加固后的土体强度增长近一倍;预估经加固处理后的路基工后沉降在30cm内,能满足一般高等级公路工后沉降量的要求。本文的监测成果对类似工程具有借鉴意义。     

The negative consequences of knowledge hiding in NPD project teams: The roles of project work attributes

Knowledge hiding, a unique concept distinct from knowledge sharing, occurs frequently in NPD project teams. Although knowledge hiding has been proven to cause distrust and reduce individual creative performance, little is known about the negative influences of knowledge hiding on team performance in new product development (NPD) projects. Drawing on organizational learning theory and job characteristic theory, this study investigates how knowledge hiding influences project team performance through team learning and the contingent roles of project-based work attributes (i.e. cross-functionality and team stability). Data were collected from a sample of 92 NPD project teams in China. The results revealed that knowledge hiding was negatively associated with project team performance. This linkage was partially mediated by team learning. Team stability played a moderating role in the relationship between knowledge hiding and team learning. Moreover, as team stability increased, the negative indirect impact of knowledge hiding on project team performance was weakened. Finally, theoretical implications, practical guidelines and limitations were discussed.     

Understanding stakeholders' perspective of cost estimation in project management

Cost overrun is a chronic problem across most projects. While a significant research have been published on this topic, the understanding of the root causes and a clear direction towards improvement remained unexplored. The focus of the past research is mainly on the factors directly or indirectly associated with the project environment and their relative impacts on overall cost performance in projects. In contrast to such traditional approach, this research aimed to establish a conceptual model by identifying the underlying issues associated mainly with the perceptions of the board stakeholders involved over entire lifecycle of projects. Based on a structured interview with a few selective organisations, data was collected and a few rich pictures were developed over every phase of project development. By employing the soft system methodology, the rich pictures were later trasformed into the concept models for potential establishment of a new body of knowledge in the field. Among the findings, it has been revealed that at the project inception stage, political and legislative factors play significant roles in the business case development. Statutory compliance and environmental issues are perceived to be critical in influencing cost performance in projects. The resulting concept model on cost overrun is expected to fill a significant knowledge gap in cost estimation practice across all industry sectors.     

Mitigating the negative performance effect of project complexity through an informal mechanism: The conditional mediating role of knowledge hiding

Project complexity consisting of interrelated organizational and technological components is the inherent nature of new product development (NPD) projects. Although substantial empirical research has demonstrated the negative performance effect of project complexity, a handful of studies have provided inconsistent results. Additional in-depth attention is urgently needed to understand the conditional boundaries and internal mechanisms that affect the complexity-performance relationship. Based on a perspective of counterproductive knowledge processes, this study examines the mediating role of knowledge hiding in the linkage between project complexity and project performance as well as the contingent role of informal mechanisms (i.e., trust). Data were collected from a sample of 109 NPD projects in the Chinese high-tech industry. Our findings indicated that project complexity was positively associated with knowledge hiding and exerted an indirect negative influence on project performance via knowledge hiding. Trust was found to significantly moderate the complexity-knowledge hiding and knowledge hiding-performance paths. Moreover, as trust increases, the negative indirect impact of project complexity on project performance was found to become weaker. Finally, theoretical implications, practical guidelines and limitations were discussed.     

Knowledge integration in IPPD project: role of shared project mission,mutual trust,and mutual influence

Project integration is an important management issue related to product development performance outcomes. Design, development, production, and commercialization of new products and services require a project team's ability to acquire and integrate different knowledge bases of internal capabilities, customers, and suppliers. A literature gap exists regarding critical drivers of knowledge integration and shared knowledge in product development projects that needs to be identified and scientifically validated. Based on goal setting, social exchange, and information processing theories, the current study identifies antecedents of knowledge integration in terms of a shared project mission, mutual trust, and mutual influence, and investigates key relationships among these antecedents to determine the effect of knowledge integration on integrated product and process development (IPPD) project outcomes. Proposed hypothetical relationships among these constructs were tested on primary data collected from 191 respondents (OEM project managers and team members, suppliers, and customers) from IPPD projects from the U.S. automotive industry. With regards to the antecedents of knowledge integration in IPPD projects, our results indicate a statistically significant positive association between shared project mission, mutual trust, mutual influence and knowledge integration. Further, our results indicate a positive relationship between knowledge integration and performance outcomes measured in terms of IPPD project success and IPPD product success. Our results also indicate a partial mediating effect of mutual trust and mutual influence between the relationships of shared project mission and knowledge integration. Discussion of our empirical results, limitations, and recommendation for future studies in the area of knowledge integration in the area of IPPD projects are also provided.     

基于ASP的建筑企业项目管理

内部条件决定的理论认为企业的长远发展依靠企业核心竞争力的培育,而核心竞争力的培育则依靠企业建立在共同经历基础上的信息和知识的共享。由于建筑企业是项目型企业,所以建筑企业核心竞争力体现在其项目管理能力上,通过对全企业内的项目和职能部门的统一协同管理,可以实现企业项目管理模式的转变,培育建筑企业的核心竞争力,实现企业的规模经济效益。ASP则是实现建筑企业项目管理的有效手段。     

A fuzzy DEA–Neural approach to measuring design service performance in PCM projects

In Professional Construction Management (PCM), service performance in the design stage most affects the overall project results. However, currently it is hard to quantify the results and make a proper determination of the quality of the PCM design service because the evaluation mechanism and procedures have not been completely implemented yet. To deal with the problem, this study investigates owners' opinions and thereby establishes the representative performance indicators of PCM design service. An effectiveness analysis method and a neural network method are successfully combined, so as to construct an evaluation approach of PCM service performance in the design stage. This approach can offer a listing of rank and level of design service performance in PCM projects, and further provides a simple appraisal table, so that the owner can effectively measure the performance of PCM design service. Finally, through the case study, this approach is verified to be reasonable and acceptable in practice. The approach can be an effective tool when measuring the PCM design service performance and can help owners to evaluate and choose PCM consultants in the design stage.     

Resilience and creative problem-solving capacities in project teams: A relational view

Teams often struggle with their assigned projects and evidence indicates relatively limited project success. Recent research advanced a behavioral perspective to the study of the variance in project performance. We seek to advance this literature by developing and testing a dual-pathway model of project performance. Specifically, we expand on relational coordination theory to suggest that teams can enhance their project performance through two knowledge creation mechanisms – access to knowledge and experiential learning – which underpin resilience and creative problem solving. Results of time-lagged data from project teams indicate that high quality relationships between team members facilitate both experiential learning and access to knowledge, which in turn are positively related to team resilience. Team resilience, in turn, is indirectly related to project performance, through creative problem solving. We advance the extant literature of project management by enhancing our understanding of how relationally coordinated project teams develop capabilities – resilience and creative problem solving – and improve their project performance.     

Knowledge leadership to improve project and organizational performance

Conceptualizing knowledge leadership and customer knowledge management (CKM) in the project context is still rudimentary. Thus, the first objective of this study is to assess the associations among knowledge leadership, customer knowledge management, the performance of a precision instrument sales (PIS) project, and organizational performance. The second objective is to determine whether project performance may mediate the effect of customer knowledge management on organizational performance. The third objective is to examine the moderating role of data complexity in the relationship between customer knowledge management and project performance. This study empirically investigated a sample of precision instrument sales projects in Taiwanese high-tech industry. The findings indicate that adoption of knowledge leadership is associated with customer knowledge management. In addition, these analyses suggest that implementation of customer knowledge management influences organizational performance via project performance. The results also show that the positive relationship between customer knowledge management and project performance depends on data complexity.     

基于BIM技术的智慧泊车新思维

立体停车场总承包项目对深化设计、协同施工以及运营管理都有很高的要求,将各阶段的关键内容与BIM技术结合起来并充分发挥应用价值成为了本项目的研究重点。在可研阶段,结合地理区位的需求,应用无人机进行现场勘查,对勘查信息进行定量化的模拟分析,确保选址的合理性。设计阶段进行多专业协同设计,确保设计的深度。充分地进行管线综合优化保证停车场各层的净高,全面的结构受力分析保证安全性能的要求。虚拟建造过程中的施工模拟、成本控制、质量监控覆盖了设计与施工管理的各个环节,保证了项目的成功实施。在BIM模型的基础上进行二次开发,实现了基于BIM模型和软硬件间的数据传输与信息互联。本项目中基于BIM的停车场智慧管理系统提高了停车场的运营和综合管理水平。整个过程实现了项目全生命周期技术和经济指标的最优化。     

Sustainable construction management: introduction of the operational context space (OCS)

Sustainable construction is an emerging field of science that aims at incorporating the general sustainable development concepts into conventional construction practices. While the foundation of knowledge in this field is continuously expanding, sustainable construction is not yet standard industry practice. One major technical barrier that hinders enacting sustainable construction is the absence of an application framework that integrates both sustainability and construction practices at an operational level. This shortcoming is being addressed through a three‐dimensional operational context space (OCS) that achieves the sought integration aspect. The three dimensions of OCS are: (1) project life cycle phases; (2) project executing entities; and (3) sustainability performance parameters. Such OCS facilitates the association of responsibility, by assigning each sustainability requirement to a specific project entity (or entities) during specific project phase(s), and further provides a numerical assessment for construction projects using sustainability as a criterion. Steps of constructing the OCS and how it could be employed in the evaluation and benchmarking of a project's environmental performance are examined, along with sample illustrations in the area of construction waste management.     

Comparative performance of healthcare and transport PFI projects: Empirical study on the influence of key factors

Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been used on many projects in the UK in the delivery of public services. Cost, time and risk performance in public projects was anticipated to be improved by the superior skills of the private sector. So far, there are limited empirical studies on the life cycle performance of PFI projects, especially performance comparison between different sectors. This study investigated and compared variations in costs, time, and client requirements tracking it through the strategic business case stage to the operational phase in healthcare and transport sectors. It explored the influence of sector-specific factors, project size and maturity of the PFI on these variations. It used documentary analysis of full business cases of five PFI projects and a questionnaire survey of 44 PFI projects in the UK. The findings reveal that there are still considerable cost and time overruns and requirement changes in PFI projects in both sectors over the development of the project and its early use. The health sector was better than the transport sector for time overruns but was worse on costs. Smaller-value projects outperformed larger projects on cost variations but underperformed on time.     

项目施工中的质量与安全管理

针对工程项目施工阶段质量与安全管理的重要性,就项目施工中质量与安全管理目标的确定、质量与安全管理的保证措施等进行了较详细的阐述,最后对我国目前工程项目管理现状及未来发展作了总结。     

Promoting the integration of users and developers to achieve a collective mind through the screening of information system projects

The active and fruitful participation of users in the development projects of information systems (IS) is a crucial factor in achieving success. However, difficulties such as conflict and apathy often plague IS development projects that do not rely on building effective partnerships between users and those responsible for the development. Partnering ideas have been proposed that consider the building of relationships earlier in the life cycle of the development project. With this in mind, we propose going back further to the screening process and build a model that establishes how directed screening of projects to consider user-related criteria can improve the active participation of users by fostering trust, knowledge exchange, and a collective mind in the project team among users and developers. The model is tested with a sample of IS project managers and finds that project performance can be enhanced by attending to screening criteria that consider the user perspective when selecting projects to add to the organizational portfolio.     

To bridge or to bond? Diverse social connections in an IS project team

Although research has shown that knowledge sharing among project team members is crucial for project performance, achieving knowledge sharing is still challenging. This problem is especially salient in IS project teams. Such teams are temporary organizations that may not progress through the necessary team formation cycle, yet are expected to produce intangible outcomes in a limited time. In this paper, we investigate how bonding and bridging social capital influence knowledge sharing and project performance. Bonding could facilitate cohesiveness within a team and lead a team to achieve project goals. Bridging could facilitate access to various beneficial resources beyond the boundary of a project team, increasing creativity and innovation. However, bridging is costly and can obstruct project performance. Our findings suggest that team members with high bonding social capital are more likely to share their knowledge with their team. Bonding and intention to share knowledge also positively affect project performance. Conversely, bridging social capital can contribute to project performance only through the mediating effect of bonding. This research contributes to theory by empirically examining the two types of social capital and their interdependence, as predictors of knowledge sharing and subsequently project performance. Project managers should form teams composed of members with diverse social connections and consider the balance between bonding and bridging within a team to control the potential disadvantageous effects of bridging social capital.     

Assessing concerns of interested parties when predicting the significance of environmental impacts related to the construction process of residential buildings

The most common challenges and obstacles encountered by construction organizations during the process of implementing and using environmental management systems are related to the inherent peculiarities of the construction sector. Several studies have shown that one of the issues involving the greatest level of uncertainty is the identification and assessment of environmental impacts. In order to improve the identification of the significance of environmental impacts of construction projects and sites, which will lead to greater efficiency and robustness in environmental management systems, this paper extends the systematic approach for identifying and assessing potential adverse environmental impacts at the pre-construction stage presented in Gangolells et al. (2009) by introducing the assessment of the concerns of interested parties. By considering concerns amongst internal and external interested parties, one can assess the significance of environmental impacts taking into account not only the severity of the impacts but also local perceptions and international challenges, thereby ensuring that the determination of the impacts’ significance is appropriate to the particular socioeconomic and biophysical environments surrounding construction sites. In order to quantitatively measure concerns among internal and external interested parties for each of the 37 environmental impacts related to a construction project, we developed corresponding indicators and assessment scales with the help of a panel of experts. A series of χ² tests conducted over 76 new-start construction projects clearly revealed that the severity of environmental impacts is not correlated with the concerns of interested parties. The development of a formal quantitative method and the subsequent definition of a threshold make it possible to obtain advance knowledge of the significance – and, therefore, the acceptability – of each potential environmental impact for a particular construction project. A total score for each construction project alternative is also obtained, so the improved methodology provides a consistent basis for comparing construction companies and construction sites. Finally, two case studies are presented in order to demonstrate the benefits of the improved methodology.     

A Review of: “Slope stability: Geotechnical engineering and geomorphology” Eds M. G. Anderson and K. S. Richards John Wiley and Sons Ltd,Chichester, UK, 1987, 620 pp, £65.00

This paper introduces the development of knowledge bases, by using factors that affect international construction projects, for decision support purposes. These factors are categorized as the areas of site office, home office, and construction business environment. These knowledge bases can be used to assess the performance of construction projects as time progresses, for comparing the performance of several projects at a certain moment of time, and for determining the causes of problems so that preventive measures can be suggested. The results can be presented with graphs that represent the performance of a project in relation to each affecting factor. The system can be used as a support for making decisions with respect to construction performance.     

全文强制标准《园林绿化工程项目规范》编制介绍

《园林绿化工程项目规范》(GB 55014-2021)是在生态文明背景下,为践行标准化改革而编制的园林绿化行业首部全文强制性工程建设国家标准.其内容落实新形势下中国城市建设发展的要求,覆盖全部现行相关强制性条文,并注重与国际通行做法的一致性,从园林绿化工程项目的规模、布局、功能、性能和关键技术措施等方面做出规定,是引导...