干制过程中甘薯粉条老化规律研究

目的 保持干燥温度恒定为60℃,探究干燥过程粉条中水分对淀粉老化的影响规律。方法 将新鲜制备的甘薯粉条在相同温度不同相对湿度条件下干燥至相同水分含量,以及在相同干燥条件下干燥至相同水分含量后恒定在该水分含量及温度条件下保持不同时间,对上述样品的结晶特性、短程有序度、热特性等进行测定和分析,研究水分变化对甘薯粉条老化特性的影响。结果 干燥温度恒定,淀粉老化受热风相对湿度影响,这主要在于影响了粉条中水分蒸发速度;随着粉条水分含量减小,粉条中淀粉相对结晶度及短程有序度增加。当保持干燥条件不变时,粉条具有较高的老化速度的水分含量区间在25%～40%,对应的水分活度值为0.7～0.9。结论 粉条干燥过程中淀粉老化具有水分依赖性,通过控制水分含量可对淀粉老化进行调控。     

Effects of potato starch on the characteristics,microstructures and quality attributes of indica rice flour and instant rice noodles

The effects of partial replacement (0%–20%, w/w) of rice flour by potato starch (PS) on the physicochemical properties, microstructures, texture and in vitro digestibility of indica rice flour (IRF) and instant rice noodles (IRN) were systematically investigated. Accordingly, the addition of PS significantly increased the peak viscosity (2876.00–3221.00 mPa·s) and tan δ values (0.14–0.22) but lowered the setback values (2169.00–1036.50 mPa) of the pastes. Rice noodles with 5%–15% PS (PS and IRF at the mixing ratios of 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 and 20:80, respectively) addition exhibited modulated appearance and textural properties. The mutually exclusive phosphate groups of PS facilitated the expansion of starch granules, contributing to the formation of more compact microstructure and higher-ordered crystalline structures (confirmed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction), endowing rice noodles with better cooking and digestive attributes, and visibly increased slowly digestible starches content (26.09%–31.34%). The quality attributes of rice noodles could be accurately predicted by the physicochemical properties of rice flour referring to Pearson’s correlation analysis. The study demonstrates that the blending of PS is both an effective and economical pathway in improving the nutritional and textural properties of IRN.     

羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠的制备及动力学研究

以甘薯淀粉为原料,氯乙酸钠为醚化剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,乙醇水溶液为溶剂,对羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠的制备及其动力学进行了研究。考察了氢氧化钠用量、氯乙酸钠用量、反应温度和反应时间与羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠取代度的关系。结果表明,制备羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠的较佳工艺条件为:甘薯干淀粉50g,氯乙酸钠15g,氢氧化钠7.8g,反应温度49℃,反应时间2.5h。通过对甘薯淀粉与氯乙酸钠醚化反应的动力学研究表明,甘薯淀粉与氯乙酸钠醚化反应为一级反应。      

无矾马铃薯粉条的研究

以马铃薯淀粉为主要原料,采用二次挤压技术生产无矾粉条。通过单因素及正交实验考察了一次挤出温度、二次挤出温度、水分添加量对粉条感官评分和品质特性(断条率、糊汤率、膨润度、硬度)的影响。结果表明:一次挤出温度90℃、二次挤出温度90℃、水分添加量32%时,生产的粉条品质最好,具有良好的感官品质和蒸煮特性。采用二次挤压技术生产无矾马铃薯粉条,与传统方式相比,工艺简单,具有省时、节能、节水的特点,而且产品质量稳定,适合企业连续化、规模化生产。      

马铃薯变性淀粉对马铃薯-小麦混粉糊化特性的影响及其在马铃薯面条中的应用

采用主成分分法（PCA）分析了3种马铃薯变性淀粉对马铃薯-小麦混粉糊化特性的影响,将配粉糊化得分与变性淀粉种类和添加量进行了回归拟合,采用方程模型预测配粉制备的马铃薯面条的蒸煮品质。结果表明：3种马铃薯变性淀粉对混粉糊化的峰值黏度、崩解值、恒温阶段开始黏度和糊化温度的影响较大。且羟丙基淀粉对峰值黏度、恒温阶段开始黏度和崩解值影响的差异显著（p<0.05）,醋酸酯淀粉和氧化淀粉对崩解值影响的差异显著（p<0.05）。采用回归方程预测配粉加工后马铃薯面条的蒸煮特性,当配粉糊化规范性综合得分＞0.95时,制备的马铃薯面条蒸煮指标均能达到质量要求。     

高含量马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面品质改良技术的研究

利用响应面实验研究高含量马铃薯(全粉含量40%)非油炸挤出方便面的品质改良,通过回归分析确定其品质的主要影响因素,以糊化度和感官评分为指标作响应面图。结果表明:小麦蛋白1.53%、沙蒿胶0.01%、植物油2%、β-环状糊精0.06%时,得到的高含量马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面糊化度为92.1%、感官评分为90.9分。产品质构特性(TPA)各项指标与市售对照样品质基本一致,感官指标和营养指标优于市售对照样。     

复配改良剂对马铃薯米线质构品质的影响

为探索马铃薯米线中品质改良剂应用的可行性,以质构品质为评价指标,研究不同品质改良剂(黄原胶、蔗糖酯和玉米淀粉)对马铃薯米线品质的改良效果,并在单因素实验基础上通过正交实验确定品质改良剂的最佳配比。实验结果表明:以原料质量为基准,当添加黄原胶0.4 g/100 g、蔗糖酯0.3 g/100 g和玉米淀粉6 g/100 g复配使用时,马铃薯米线的质构品质得到明显改良,弹性提高至0.988,硬度和咀嚼性分别为2271 g和2013 g。      

Pasta noodles enriched with sweet potato starch: Impact on quality parameters and resistant starch content

This research is focusing on the texture, rheology, and sensory properties of pasta products enriched with the sweet potato starch (SPS) as well as on the content of resistant starch (RS) in these products. SPS was extracted from orange sweet potatoes using 1 mol. L⁻¹ Sodium chloride solution. Durum wheat flour semolina was partially supplemented with 10, 20, and 30% (w/w) by SPS in the pasta formulation and the influence of enrichment on the cooking quality, mechanical and sensory properties, and the color was observed. SPS addition resulted in decreased water absorption and shorter dough development time, but the stability of the dough was also decreased. The optimum cooking time for pasta was reduced, but only slightly, on the other side, the swelling index increased, which negatively impacted on the firmness of the products. Increasing of the SPS content also resulted in higher stickiness values for pasta. When up to 20% of wheat flour was replaced, the color of finished products was less acceptable. In the products, the resistant and total starch content were determined. Pasta cooking resulted in the reduction of RS content, which was then increased by storing products for 24 hr. It can be concluded that the substitution of part of semolina flour with SPS increased the level of RS, but on the other side, it caused some significant differences from the quality of pasta made from semolina only.     

添加羧甲基纤维素钠对动态细菌纤维素生产的影响

考察添加不同浓度羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)对Acetobacter xylinum NUST4.1在摇瓶和机械搅拌发酵罐中产细菌纤维素(BC)的影响。结果发现:添加0.06% CMC-Na能有效解决发酵罐中严重结团和菌株逐级放大后生产稳定性差的2大难题,而且能显著提高纤维素产量,优化发酵罐基本工艺后能获得3.35g/L干纤维素,是基础培养的3.1倍。     

加工工艺对马铃薯全粉面条品质影响的研究

本文研究了马铃薯全粉添加量、和面时间、醒发温度和醒发时间对马铃薯全粉面条品质的影响。结果表明:当马铃薯全粉添加量为15%、和面时间15 min,醒发温度20℃,醒发时间40 min时,制作的马铃薯全粉面条的干物质损失率为8.97%,最大拉伸力17.48 g,剪切硬度170.36 g,感官评分达95分,面条的质构品质和感官品质最佳。      

羧甲基纤维素钠对酸性乳饮料稳定作用的研究

通过测定添加不同含量的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)对酸性乳饮料的沉淀率、粘度、粒径分布、水分子流动性及Zeta电位的影响,研究了CMC对酸性乳饮料的稳定作用。结果表明,CMC对酸性乳饮料的稳定作用表现为使产品的沉淀率降低,粘度升高,在微观性质上表现为使产品的粒径减小,水分流动性减弱,Zeta电位的绝对值升高。     

羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠的理化特性研究

通过与甘薯淀粉相比较,研究了不同取代度羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠的理化特性,包括:粘度的测定;不同温度、不同pH及电解质（NaCl）和非电解质（蔗糖）存在下的粘度曲线及冻融稳定性;颗粒形貌和X-射线分析。结果表明:羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠比天然淀粉具有较高的粘度,电解质（NaCl）和非电解质（蔗糖）的存在,影响其水溶液的粘度,羧甲基甘薯淀粉钠几乎没有凝胶性能,颗粒形貌及晶体结构与甘薯淀粉相比均发生较大变化。      

高抗性淀粉大米对方便米粉品质及GI值的影响研究

为了开发低GI方便米粉满足糖尿病和超重/肥胖人群的饮食需求,研究高RS大米对方便米粉冲泡特性、质构特性、感官评分、微观结构及GI值的影响。结果表明,高RS的添加提高了方便米粉断条率与吐浆值,降低了感官评分值;方便米粉硬度、咀嚼性有所增加,粘性、弹性、回复性先增加后减少;提高了方便米粉中RS的含量,并使其GI值降低;通过SEM分析,高RS大米较普通大米制作的方便米粉剖面结构更具连续性,结构更为致密,孔洞明显减少;通过XRD分析,添加高RS大米的方便米粉样品在14°附近有一个特征峰,普通大米制作的样品没有。本文为低GI方便米粉的开发与生产实践提供新的思路,但高RS大米对方便米粉品质及GI值的影响机理还需要进一步研究。     

The interaction between inulin and wheat starch and effects of inulin on frozen storage quality of noodles

In this paper, the effects of adding a different proportion of inulin powder on starch gelatinisation, free amylose content, thermodynamic properties and microstructure of wheat starch were studied. RVA results showed that the addition of inulin could increase the starting temperature of wheat starch gelatinisation, decrease the peak viscosity and the setback value, and reduce the content of the leached amylose. In DSC test, similar trend was observed, starting temperature and peak temperature showed growing results, and retrogradation enthalpy and the ageing rate reduced. SEM results found that with inulin addition, wheat starch presents flocculent and fold structure. The noodles with 5% inulin addition were frozen-stored for 50 days after the cooking process. Inulin addition could retard the hardness and viscosity increase during the frozen storage. Besides, cooking loss rates and sensory property-treated samples were better than the control.     

Addition of waxy,low- or high-amylose rice starch differentially affects microstructure,water migration,texture and cooking quality of dried potato starch noodles

Potassium alum (PA) is commonly used as an improver for quality of potato starch noodles (PSN). However, PA poses health risks to consumers, thus making it imperative to seek substitutes for Al³⁺. In this study, effects of rice starch addition on quality of PSN were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that addition of low-amylose rice starch (LARS) or 40% waxy rice starch (WRS) enhanced structural development of PSN. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the presence of LARS increased water retention in PSN. Addition of rice starch enhanced cooking quality of PSN by extending cooking time and significantly decreasing cooking loss (P < 0.05). Moreover, addition of LARS significantly (P < 0.05) increased tensile strength and hardness of PSN, whereas addition of WRS had the reverse effect. Mixing waxy potato starch with LARS at ratios of 4:1 or 3:2 is optimal for production of PSN.     

破损淀粉对面条蒸煮品质的影响研究

研究破损淀粉值对面条蒸煮品质的影响规律,实验结果表明:随着破损淀粉值的增加,面条的品质有所劣变;干物质损失率和蛋白质损失率与破损淀粉值呈高度显著正相关,面条吸水率与破损淀粉值相关系达不到显著水平。     

马铃薯燕麦速食面制备工艺优化及干燥特性研究

目的:制备一种具有地域特色的营养速食面。方法:以马铃薯全粉、燕麦粉和小麦高筋粉为基础原料制备马铃薯燕麦速食面,优化了马铃薯燕麦速食面,并测定了其感官评分、断条率、复水率、质构特性及热风干燥特性。结果:马铃薯燕麦速食面的最佳工艺参数为加水量53%,和面时间、熟化时间和蒸面时间分别为10,40,12 min;在建立干燥模型的基础上,确定最佳干燥条件为干燥温度90℃,干燥时间40 min。结论:在最佳工艺参数下制备的马铃薯燕麦面富有光泽和弹性,软硬适中不粘牙且具有较好的口感。     

羧甲基纤维素钠纳米抗菌复合膜的制备及其性能研究

以羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）为基质,添加天然抗菌剂肉桂醛和纳米蒙脱土（MMT）,通过溶液流延成膜法制备不同MMT含量的纳米抗菌复合膜,研究纳米MMT含量对复合膜的机械性能、水蒸气透过率、透明度、肉桂醛释放能力及抗菌性的影响。结果表明膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都随着MMT含量的升高而先增加后降低,在MMT含量为4%时,拉伸强度达最大。水蒸气透过率和透明度随MMT含量的增加逐渐降低;并且MMT能有效限制肉桂醛在膜中的扩散和释放,使肉桂醛释放速率变慢,随着存放时间的延长,含MMT的膜保持较高的抗菌性活性,而不含MMT的膜,肉桂醛挥发较多,抗菌性大大降低。结论:纳米蒙脱土能有效控制肉桂醛在羧甲基纤维素钠膜中的释放。      

湿热处理对大米淀粉理化性质及其米线品质的影响

以大米淀粉为原料,研究湿热处理对大米淀粉理化性质以及米线品质的影响。结果表明:与未处理大米淀粉相比,湿热处理后,大米淀粉的热学特性中T_0、T_P、T_C、T_C_T0、ΔH均增大;淀粉晶型仍为A型,结晶度增加4.14%;淀粉溶解率和膨润力显著降低,直链淀粉含量显著升高;淀粉糊化黏度、衰减值和回生值明显降低;淀粉凝胶硬度、弹性和耐咀嚼性增强;淀粉白度由89.7降低至80.3;添加20%湿热处理大米淀粉制作的米线感官品质和质构特性得到显著改善,断条率和蒸煮损失率分别降低5.67%,10.13%;大米淀粉溶解率、膨润力、溶解率、凝胶特性和糊化特性可有效预测米线品质。