结构弛豫对Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8块状非晶合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

利用铜模吸铸法在不同电压下制备出成分为Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8大块非晶合金。并将不同制备态的Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8大块非晶合金分别在低于玻璃转化温度以下进行低温（150℃）和高温（300℃）退火。利用X射线衍射（xRD）、扫描电子显微镜（sEM）和万能试验机等技术手段研究了低温和高温弛豫退火对不同制备态的Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8大块非晶合金的组织结构和力学性能的影响,并应用结构弛豫理论对其变化机制进行了分析。     

结构弛豫对Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8块状非晶合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

利用铜模吸铸法在不同电压下制备出成分为Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8大块非晶合金。并将不同制备态的Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8大块非晶合金分别在低于玻璃转化温度以下进行低温(150℃)和高温(300℃)退火。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能试验机等技术手段研究了低温和高温弛豫退火对不同制备态的Cu36Zr48Ag8Al8大块非晶合金的组织结构和力学性能的影响,并应用结构弛豫理论对其变化机制进行了分析。     

Mg-Cu-Ni-Nd合金的非晶形成能力及力学性能

对Mg-Ni-Cu-Nd系列合金的非晶形成能力与力学性能进行了研究,发现四元合金Mg62.6Cu10.5Ni14Nd12.9可以形成直径为5mm的非晶合金。经XRD、DSC和SEM研究结果表明,该合金由单一非晶相组成,具有明显且较高的玻璃转变温度Tg(431K),高的晶化初始温度Tx(488K),宽的过冷液相区ΔTx=Tx-Tg(57K),是非晶形成能力和热稳定性较高的合金之一,也是目前所发现的成本最低的大尺寸非晶合金。室温单轴压缩试验表明,Mg62.6Cu10.5Ni14Nd12.9合金的压缩断裂强度较高,为541MPa。     

Zr含量对非晶合金非晶形成能力及力学性能的影响

采用铜模吸铸法制备出直径为3 mm的[Zr0.72+x(Cu0.59Ni0.41)0.28-x]88Al12(x=0,0.05,0.1)棒状非晶合金。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描热量法(DSC)、微机控制电子式万能力学试验机和扫描电镜(SEM)研究其非晶形成能力与压缩力学性能的变化规律。结果表明:随着Zr含量的提高,合金的过冷液相区宽度ΔTx减小,热稳定性下降;约化玻璃转变温度Trg和参数γ均随着Zr含量的提高而下降,非晶形成能力下降;在x=0时,断裂强度、塑性应变和抗压强度均达到最大值,分别为1 531 MPa、14.61%和1 838 MPa;而在x=0.1时,塑性应变和抗压强度则分别达到最小值5.06%和1 495 MPa;试样的室温准静态压缩力学性能随Zr含量的增加而下降。     

ZrAlNiCuCo非晶合金的组织及力学性能

采用电弧熔炼-铜辊甩带法制备Zr₅₀Al₅Ni_15-xCu₁₅Co_15+x(x=2、4和6 at%)非晶合金条带，使用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及万能力学试验机等研究了样品厚度、合金成分以及热处理工艺对其微观结构、相组成、热稳定性和拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明：Zr₅₀Al₅Ni_15-xCu₁₅Co_15+x(x=2,4,6 at%)合金条带为非晶态，退火后非晶基体上析出简单立方结构的CoZr和CuZr纳米晶。在相同样品厚度下，随着Ni含量的减小，合金的室温拉伸塑性增加；随着条带厚度的增加，合金的室温拉伸塑性逐渐增加。其中，51μm厚的Zr₅₀Al₅Ni₉Cu₁₅Co₂₁合金条带经513℃退火1800 s...     

铸态及弛豫态Ce基块体非晶合金的玻璃转变动力学研究

采用铜模吸铸法制备出直径为2mm的Ce70Al10Cu20和Ce69AlCu20Ag1合金棒材,利用Kissinger方程和Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann(VFT)方程对其玻璃转变动力学在不同方面进行了研究.Kissinger方程拟合结果表明,两种Ce基非晶合金铸态及弛豫态都表现出明显的动力学特征,与铸态合金相比,弛豫态合金由于缺陷浓度减少,原子扩散迁移困难,增大了玻璃转变表观激活能.VFT方程拟合结果表明,两种Ce基非晶合金均属于强玻璃形成液体.     

ZrCuAlSi大块非晶合金形成及力学性能

通过铜模铸造法制备(Zr47Cu44Al9)100-xSix(x=0,0.5,1.5,2.5)大块非晶合金.利用差热分析、X射线衍射、显微硬度和室温压缩试验.研究分析添加Si元素对Zr47Cu44Al9合金非晶形成能力、热稳定性及力学性能的影响.结果表明,适量Si的加入能显著提高非晶合金的热稳定性,当Si的加入量为1.5时,合金具有最大的非晶形成能力,其纯非晶试样的临界尺寸由Zr47Cu44Al9的4 mm增大到(Zr47Cu44Al9)98.5Si1.5的6 mm.Si提高非晶形成能力的原因主要是抑制了引起异质形核的CuZr相的形成与析出.力学性能实验显示,显微硬度(Hv)随Si的加入由Zr47Cu44Al9合金的5850MPa增呔到(Zr47Cu44Al9)98.5Si1.5合金的6220 MPa,(Zr47Cu44Al9)98.5Si1.5合金的断裂强度为1862 MPa.     

Ni对Mg-Cu-Tb非晶合金形成及力学性能的影响

利用熔体铜模喷铸法制备出直径为3 mm的Mg65Cu25-xNixTb10(x=0,5,10)非晶合金。利用X射线衍射、差热分析、压缩实验分析和扫描电镜分析了添加Ni元素对Mg-Cu-Tb非晶合金形成能力及力学性能的影响。研究表明:随着Ni含量的增加,合金的玻璃转变温度Tg增大;开始结晶温度Tx降低;过冷液相区宽度ΔTx减小,约化玻璃转变温度Trg从0.562降至0.530,非晶形成能力逐渐降低。压缩实验结果表明:当Ni含量增加到5%时可以明显提高Mg-Cu-Tb-Ni非晶合金的断裂强度。     

Zr-Cu-Ni-Ta-Al块体非晶合金复合材料的合成及力学性能

采用电弧熔炼铜模铸造法制备了Ta晶体相增强的Zr基非晶合金复合材料。利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC），X射线衍（XRD）射仪，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段研究了Ta加入对（Zr0.65Cu0．175Ni0.175）90-xTaxAl10（x=0，4，6，8，10）（原子百分比）非晶复合材料非晶形成能力及力学性能的影响。结果表明，Ta的加入改变了合金的晶化行为，随着Ta含量的增加，合金的DSC曲线由单一晶化峰转变为多个晶化峰。加入10％Ta的块体非晶合金复合材料的基体固溶约4％的Ta。复合材料的塑性应变量达到3．2％，同时最大应力达到1855MPa，明显高于不含Ta合金。块状非晶合金复合材料中Ta晶体相的存在，阻止单一剪切带的扩展，诱发更多剪切带形成，从而提高了材料的抗压强度和塑性。     

异质结构Zr基非晶合金的热稳定性及力学性能

通过铜模铸造法制备了具有异质结构的Zr64.2Ni16.2Cu14.6Al5和Zr63.4Ni16.2Cu15.4Al5块体非晶合金,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了其微观结构及热稳定性。结果表明,与均匀结构的Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15块体非晶合金相比,异质结构降低了材料的热稳定性。在单轴压缩试验中,两种Zr基块体非晶合金具有大的塑性应变(>25%)和高的屈服强度(>1.6GPa)。低的STZs势能和高的剪切带扩展抗力是异质结构Zr基块体非晶合金塑性提高的主要原因。     

Mg-Al-Sm系耐热镁合金的显微组织和力学性能(英文)

分析铸态和压铸态Mg-6.02Al-1.03Sm、Mg-6.05Al-0.98Sm-0.56Bi和Mg-5.95Al-1.01Sm-0.57Zn合金的显微组织和相组成,测试其拉伸力学性能与流动性能。结果表明,Mg-6.02Al-1.03Sm合金铸态组织由δ-Mg基体、半连续的δ-Mg17Al12相和高热稳定性的小块状Al2Sm相组成。添加Bi后生成杆状Mg3Bi2相,而添加的Zn固溶于δ-Mg基体和δ-Mg17Al12相中。铸态合金呈现优异的拉伸力学性能,室温时其抗拉强度(δb)和伸长率(δ)分别达到205~235 MPa和8.5%~16.0%,而423 K时分别超过160 MPa和14.0%。压铸态组织明显细化,第二相发生破碎,且弥散分布。压铸态合金呈现更高的拉伸力学性能和优异的流动性能,室温δb和δ分别达到240~285 MPa和8.5%~16.5%,流动长度可达1870~2420 mm。压铸态室温拉伸断口呈现明显的断裂特征。     

铸造态钛合金力学性能及抗弹性能研究

以铸造态钛合金β20C、TC4、TA15和TA18为研究对象,开展了以钛合金为面板、A3钢为背板的复合装甲抗弹性能试验、基于分离式Hopkinson Bar技术的动态压缩试验和室温条件下的准静态压缩和准静态拉伸试验。并对铸造态钛合金β20C、TC4、TA15和TA18抗弹性能的影响因素进行了对比与分析。结果发现:铸造态钛合金β20C的A3钢背板具有最小残余穿深值4.7 mm,分别比铸造态钛合金TC4、TA15和TA18低22%、37%和23%,且β20C的质量防护系数也相应有最大值2.61,表明β20C具有最佳抗弹性能;铸造态钛合金β20C的动态压缩强度、准静态抗压强度、准静态拉伸屈服强度和准静态抗拉强度值分别达1578、1474、1052和1101 MPa,各强度值在4种钛合金中均是最高的,表明动态强度及准静态强度对铸造态钛合金的抗弹性能的影响是决定性的;4种铸造态钛合金的冲击吸收功、动态塑性、临界断裂应变和断后伸长率则与抗弹性能呈现出一定的波动关系,表明冲击吸收功、动态塑性和准静态塑性对抗弹性能的影响是非决定性的;铸造态钛合金β20C靶板正面出现了尺寸为10 mm×12 mm的开坑现象,在4种铸造态钛合金中是最明显的,同时没有发现明显的剪切冲塞破环现象。     

高熵合金的力学性能及功能性能研究进展

高熵合金是21世纪初才问世的新型金属材料。尽管其诞生至今时间较短,但高熵合金因具有多种优异性能、特别是具有优异的力学性能、优异的催化和抗辐照等性能而受到广泛关注。近年来,相关研究已取得了显著进展,很有必要对其研究进展进行梳理。为此,本文简要综述了相关研究成果,并从高熵合金的基本概念、力学性能和功能性能3方面进行概括介绍,以期为高熵合金研究人员提供参考。     

Effects of yttrium on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr alloys

The effects of yttrium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn-3Cu-0.6Zr-xY(x=0,0.5, 1.0,1.5 and 2.0,mass fraction,%)(ZCK630+xY for short in this study)alloys were investigated by means of OM,XRD and SEM. The results show that the average grain size of Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr magnesium alloy is effectively reduced(from 57μm to 39μm)by Y addition.The analysis of XRD indicates the existence of I-phase(Mg3Zn6Y)and W-phase(Mg3Zn3Y2)in ZCK630 alloys with Y addition.The ultimate tensile strength of ZCK630 alloys is significantly deteriorated with increasing Y addition,which is possibly related to the continuous networks of intergranular phases and the increase of W-phase.     

Production and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys with dispersed nanoscale quasicrystalline and amorphous particles

By the dispersion of nanoscale quasicrystalline and amorphous particles in Al phase, new Al-based alloys with good mechanical properties were developed in a high Al concentration range of 93–95 at.% for Al−Cr−Ce−Co, Al−V−Fe, Al−Ti−M and Al−Fe−Cr−Ti alloy systems. The Vickers hardness of a melt-quenched (MQ) Al_84.6Cr_15.4 alloy with almost a single icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (QC) was 710. The addition of Ce and Co in the Al−Cr binary alloys was effective for the extension of the concentration range of the QC to a lower solute concentration range. The fracture strength (σ_f) increased to 1340 MPa for the MQ Al_94.5Cr₃Ce₁Co_1.5 alloy in which the particle size and volume fraction were approximately 40 nm and 70%, respectively. The σ_f of the MQ Al₉₄V₄Fe₂ alloy was 1390 MPa and the particle size and volume fraction were about 10 nm and 50%, respectively. Similarly, σ_f of the MQ Al₉₃Ti₄Fe₃ alloy was 1320 MPa and the particle size and volume fraction were about 11 nm and 30%, respectively. Power metallurgy (P/M) Al₉₃Fe₃Cr₂Fe₂ alloy with dispersed nanoscale QC exhibited ultimate tensile strength (σ_UTS) of 660 MPa, 0.2 % proof stress (σ_0.2) of 550 MPa, plastic elongation (ε_P) of 4.5%, Young's modulus (E) of 85 GPa, Vickers hardness (Hv) of 192 and specific strength (σ_UTS/ρ) of 2.20×10⁵ Nm/kg at room temperature and σ_UTS of 350 MPa, σ_0.2 of 330 MPa and ε_P of 1.5% at 573 K. The QC structure in the P/M Al₉₃Fe₃Cr₂Ti₂ alloy remained almost unchanged even after annealing for 720 ks at 573 K and good wear resistance against S50C steel was also maintained for the extruded alloy tested at sliding velocity of 0.5 to 2 m/sec. These mechanical properties are promising for the future extension of the new Al-based alloys to practical materials. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “The 3rd KIM-JIM Joint Symposium on Advanced Powder Materials”, held at Korea University, Seoul, Korea, October 26–27, 2001 under auspices of The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and The Japan Institute of Metals.     

Thermal stability and mechanical properties of Gd-Co-A1 bulk glass alloys

The glass forming ability of Gd-Co-A1 ternary alloy systems with a composition ranging from 50% to 70% （molar fraction） for Gd and from 5% to 40% （molar fraction） for AI were investigated by copper mold casting and Gd60Co25Al15 bulk glass alloy cylinders with the maximum diameter of 5 mm were obtained. The reduced glass transformation temperature （TG/Tm） and the distance of supercooling region ATx are 0.616 and 45 K, respectively for this Gd-Co-A1 alloy. The compressive fracture strength （σf） and elastic modulus （E） of Gd-Co-A1 glassy alloys are 1 170-1 380 MPa and 59-70 GPa, respectively. The Gd-AI-Co bulk glassy alloys with high glass forming ability and good mechanical properties are promising for the future development as a new type function materials.     

分级时效对Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Mn-Zr合金微观组织与性能的影响

通过合金室温力学性能测试及时效组织的透射电镜分析,研究了分级时效对Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Mn-Zr合金显微组织与性能的影响.结果表明,经过先低温后高温的三级时效可使合金获得比T6处理更高的强度,且随着第二级时效时间的延长,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐提高.采用先高温后低温二级时效,可获得较先低温后高温三级时效更高的力学性能,且其强度随第一级高温时效时间的延长而增加,达到T8峰时效的强度水平.合金在先低温后高温时效时,在100℃低温预时效形成GP区,在140℃析出弥散细小的δ'、θ'和T1相并稳定下来,然后在175℃进一步析出长大,从而提高了合金强度.当合金在先高温后低温二次时效时,高温欠时效析出δ'和T1等强化相,然后在140℃较低温度二次析出大量细小弥散的δ'相,产生二次强化效果.     

Influence of Ce on microstructure and mechanical properties of LA141 alloys

LA141-（0-1.2）Ce alloys were prepared with vacuum induction melting method. The effects of Ce addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of LA 141 alloys were studied. The microstructure and phases composition of these alloys were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The mechanical properties of these alloys were measured with tensile tester. The results show that Ce has refining effect on the alloys. In the alloys, some Al2Ce compounds exist, which make the A1 content dissolved in a and β phases decrease and the hard brittle Mg17Al12 phase refined. The refining effect improves the mechanical properties of alloys. When Ce content is 0.9%（mass fraction）, the tensile strength reaches 206.8 MPa and the elongation is two times as high as that of LAl41 alloy. Due to the generation of Al2Ce, the content of Al solid soluted in β phase decreases resulting in the decrease of alloy hardness with the addition of Ce.     

Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8块体非晶合金的热稳定性和力学性能

采用差压铸造法成功制备了Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8块体非晶合金,研究了其热稳定性和力学性能.结果表明:该块体非晶合金的玻璃转变温度Tg=672 K,晶化温度Tx1=735 K,过冷液相区△Tx=63 K,约化玻璃温度Trg=0.575,弯曲断裂强度高达2 350 MPa,断裂前弹性变形量为2.1%,弯曲模量为102 GPa;淬态微米级结晶相的出现使合金的三点弯曲断裂强度下降至1 100 MPa.