跟骨超声背散射系数与新生儿相关参数的相关性

采用超声背散射法检测新生儿跟骨的超声背散射系数(Ultrasonic Backscatter Coefficient,BSC),并分析BSC与出生胎龄、体重、身长和头围等因素之间的关系,从而评估BSC在评价新生儿松质骨状况中的作用。对122例新生儿的临床测试分析结果表明新生儿跟骨中的BSC与出生时的胎龄、体重和身长有良好的相关性。说明超声背散射信号及其BSC可用于评价新生儿的骨质量。     

评价松质骨状况的一种背散射频谱方法

采用超声背散射信号的质心偏移量来评价松质骨,并对牛胫骨和人体跟骨中背散射信号的质心偏移量与松质骨表观密度的关系,以及人体跟骨松质骨中背散射信号频谱质心位置与年龄的关系进行了分析讨论。分析结果表明,随松质骨表观密度的增大,背散射信号频谱的质心向低频方向移动;随年龄的增大,质心位置越接近于发射超声的中心频率。根据超声背散射信号质心偏移量的大小,可用于评价松质骨健康状况。     

乙酸乙烯醋密度温度校正系数的测定及其应用

通过比重瓶法和密度计法相结合的方案,测定了外售乙酸乙烯酯的密度,并根据最小二乘法的原理,运用线性回归法,求得乙酸乙烯酯密度的温度校正系数,并在外售乙酸乙烯酯的液体重量计量工作中得到应用。     

GaAs-AlGaAs外延结构中微区应力的电子背散射衍射分析

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术,以30～40nm的空间分辨率,显示GaAs-AlGaAs外延结构中的应力分布.将菊池花样质量IQ和Hough峰,以及晶格错配和局部转动等测量参数作为应力敏感参数,分析GaAs-AlGaAs周期外延层中的应变状态.通过对菊池花样进行快速傅立叶变换和强度计算识别微区应变区域.     

两种QCT体模的分析比较及相互换算的研究

研究在QCT骨密度测量中使用的羟磷灰石(Ca5OH(PO4)3)固体体模和磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)液体体模的相互换算。根据这两种体模的X线辐射特性,利用CT值的定义及辐射计量常用数据,推导了这两种体模骨密度测量值的相互换算的公式,给出了在CT机上常用的60～100keV X线能量范围内的相互换算数据,为两种体模在骨密度测量中进行相互比较提供了方便。     

类骨磷灰石的结构分析与形成机制研究

采用在模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡材料的方法,在致密羟基磷灰石(HA)表面形成类骨磷灰石层,利用XRD和FT-IR分析表面相结构,SEM观察表面形貌,X光电子能谱分析表面化学组成及其价态.结果表明,表面新生相为含PO43-、CO32-和OH-的低结晶度的类骨磷灰石微晶.其形成机制属于溶解-沉淀型,HA陶瓷浸泡与SBF液中,首先产生表面溶解,使表面附近Ca2+、PO43-等离子浓度升高,然后通过静电吸引,在其表面吸附、成核、长大,形成类骨磷灰石新相.     

SiO2气凝胶导热系数与密度的关系探讨

本文以双层玻璃窗平面热传导模型为基础,建立了SiO2气凝胶的热传导"立方体"模型,探讨了SiO2气凝胶导热系数与密度的关系。计算结果与实际测试值具有结果一致性。     

模拟驾驶过程中腰部疲劳的表面肌电信号分析

通过sEMG的时域与频域分析评估在模拟驾驶过程中的驾驶员腰部疲劳。40个男性样本参加实验((29.7±3.1)岁),随机分成A((28.8±3.4)岁)、B((30.6±2.7)岁)两组,A组参加90min的模拟驾驶操作实验,B组保持自由坐姿。实验后分别计算分析实验样本的积分肌电值(IEMG)和功率谱中值频率(MF)。结果表明A组实验数据呈现良好的线性负相关(P<0.005和P<0.0001)。研究表明样本在实验结束后腰部肌肉疲劳加重。认为用sEMG信号的时频分析评估驾驶员肌肉疲劳状态是可行的。     

对同步流密码设备的相关性功耗分析(CPA)攻击

利用同步流密码的再同步弱点,提出了用相关性功耗分析(CPA)攻击同步流密码的技术,该技术采用统计学中的相关系数来分析密钥并实施攻击.概括了CPA技术的攻击过程,给出了CPA攻击两个同步流密码A5/1和E0的步骤和实验.实验证明,用CPA攻击同步流密码是可行的.最后给出了有效的防御对策来抵抗这种攻击.     

激光熔化沉积稀释率对重熔行为与致密度的影响

由于激光熔化沉积(Laser melting deposition, LMD)制造的零件存在气孔、熔合不良、微裂纹、杂质等固有缺陷,其疲劳力学性能一般低于传统工艺制造的零件。为了减少LMD零件中的缺陷,研究激光熔化沉积过程中缺陷形成与控制机理是十分必要的。本研究利用三维有限元模拟结合显微观察法分析阐明了激光熔化沉积过程中单道稀释率对重熔行为与沉积零件致密度的影响。首先测量了不同工艺参数下LMD零件的致密度,建立了单道沉积面能量密度与零件致密度的拟合曲线;然后研究了工艺参数对单道沉积几何特征的影响规律,以及单道沉积稀释率对零件沉积过程中重熔行为的影响;最后建立了单道沉积稀释率与零件致密度的拟合曲线,并发现其拟合度更高。本研究对激光熔化沉积过程中零件致密度控制具有一定的指导意义。     

Calcium phosphate metabolism and bone mineral density with nocturnal hemodialysis

An elevated calcium x phosphate product (Ca x P) is an independent risk factor for vascular calcification and cardiovascular death in dialysis patients. More physiological dialysis in patients undergoing nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) has been shown to produce biochemical advantages compared with conventional hemodialysis (CHD) including superior phosphate (P) control. Benefits of dialysate with greater calcium (Ca) concentration are also reported in NHD to prevent Ca depletion and subsequent hyperparathyroidism, but there are concerns that a higher dialysate Ca concentration may contribute to raised serum Ca levels and greater Ca x P and vascular disease. The NHD program at our unit has been established for 4 years, and we retrospectively analyzed Ca and P metabolism in patients undergoing NHD (8-9 h/night, 6 nights/week). Our cohort consists of 11 patients, mean age 49.3 years, who had been on NHD for a minimum of 12 months, mean 34.3 months. Commencement was with low-flux (LF) NHD and 1.5 mmol/L Ca dialysate concentration, with conversion to high-flux (HF) dialyzers after a period (mean duration 18.7 months). We compared predialysis serum albumin, intact parathyroid hormone, P, total corrected Ca, and Ca x P at baseline on CHD, after conversion to LF NHD and during HF NHD. We also prospectively measured bone mineral density (BMD) on all patients entering the NHD program. Bone densitometry (DEXA) scans were performed at baseline (on CHD) and yearly after commencement of NHD. With the introduction of HF dialyzers, the Ca dialysate concentration was concurrently raised to 1.75 mmol/L after demonstration on DEXA scans of worsening osteopenia. Analysis of BMD, for all parameters, revealed a decrease over the first 12 to 24 months (N = 11). When the dialysate Ca bath was increased, the median T and Z scores subsequently increased (data at 3 years, N = 6). The mean predialysis P levels were significantly lower on LF NHD vs. CHD (1.51 vs. 1.77 mmol/L, p = 0.014), while on HF NHD P was lower again (1.33 mmol/L, p = 0.001 vs. CHD). Predialysis Ca levels decreased with conversion from CHD to LF NHD (2.58 vs. 2.47 mmol/L, p = 0.018) using a 1.5 mmol/L dialysate Ca concentration. The mean Ca x P on CHD was 4.56 compared with a significant reduction of 3.74 on LF NHD (p = 0.006) and 3.28 on HF NHD (p = 0.001 vs. CHD), despite the higher dialysate Ca in the latter. We conclude that an elevated dialysate Ca concentration is required to prevent osteopenia. With concerns that prolonged higher Ca levels contribute to increased cardiovascular mortality, the optimal Ca dialysate bath is still unknown. Better P control on NHD, however, reduces the overall Ca x P, despite the increased Ca concentration, therefore reducing the risk of vascular calcification.