（英）硫代硫酸钠浓度对电沉积制备铜锌锡硫硒薄膜性质的影响

采用后硒化Cu-Zn-Sn-S电沉积预制层的方法制备了铜锌锡硫硒薄膜,其中Cu-Zn-Sn-S预制层是通过含有不同浓度的硫代硫酸钠电解液电沉积而成的.实验发现,硒化前后薄膜的性质与硫代硫酸钠浓度密切相关.SEM,EDS,XRD,Raman和透射光谱分析表明,当硫代硫酸钠的浓度为5 mM时,沉积的薄膜形貌平整,晶粒明显,组分贫锌,具有单一的铜锌锡硫硒结构,且其带隙为1.11 eV; 在浓度高于5 mM下沉积的薄膜形貌粗糙并产生杂相硒化锡; 在浓度低于5 mM下沉积的薄膜组分严重贫锌并生成大量的Cu2SnSe3.     

两种制备多晶铜铟硒薄膜方法的比较

采用真空顺序蒸发铜铟金属预置层后真空硒化退火的方法(硒化法),以及真空三元叠层蒸发后氮气气氛退火的方法(叠层法)分别制备了太阳电池吸收层材料CuInSe2薄膜.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线分析技术等分析手段对薄膜进行了表征.结果表明:两种方法制备的薄膜形貌都比较致密均匀,晶粒直径分别约1.5 μm和约1 μm.组分分析表明所制薄膜均为富铜CIS.硒化法制备的CIS薄膜具有单一的黄铜矿相结构;而叠层法制备的薄膜含有少量杂相,如β-In2Se3等.因此硒化法制备的薄膜更适于作为太阳能吸收层材料.     

磁控溅射金属预置层后硒化法制备CuInSe_2薄膜工艺条件的优化

采用四因素四水平的正交实验法优化了磁控溅射金属预置层后硒化法制备CuInSe2 薄膜的工艺条件 .调节四个较为重要的影响因素 ,即Cu/In比、硒化时间、硒化温度和硒源温度制备得到 16个CuInSe2 样品 .用Hall效应仪对薄膜的电学性能进行了研究 ,并且通过XRD研究了薄膜的结构性能 .得到了制备具有较好电学性能的CuInSe2 薄膜的优化条件为 :Cu/In比 1 133,硒化温度 4 2 0℃ ,硒化时间 2 0min ,硒源温度 2 0 0℃ .在此优化条件下得到的薄膜Hall迁移率可以达到 3 19cm2 /(V·s) ,XRD结果表明薄膜中没有杂相存在 .     

磁控溅射金属预置层后硒化法制备CuInSe2薄膜工艺条件的优化

采用四因素四水平的正交实验法优化了磁控溅射金属预置层后硒化法制备CuInSe2薄膜的工艺条件.调节四个较为重要的影响因素,即Cu/In比、硒化时间、硒化温度和硒源温度制备得到16个CuInSe2样品.用Hall效应仪对薄膜的电学性能进行了研究,并且通过XRD研究了薄膜的结构性能.得到了制备具有较好电学性能的CuInSe2薄膜的优化条件为:Cu/In比1.133,硒化温度420℃,硒化时间20min,硒源温度200℃.在此优化条件下得到的薄膜Hall迁移率可以达到3.19cm2/(V*s),XRD结果表明薄膜中没有杂相存在.     

CuInSe2薄膜的化学溶液制备方法

采用了一种低成本化学溶液法制备铜铟硒(CuInSe_2,CIS)薄膜.研究了预退火温度、硒化温度及基片衬底等实验参数对材料性能的影响.采用硝酸铜和氯化铟配置前驱体溶液,旋涂法制膜,后经480℃硒化退火得到CIS薄膜.XRD测试结果表明薄膜结晶性良好,具黄铜矿结构;SEM测试结果显示薄膜由较大晶粒组成,表面相对平整致密;EDX测试显示薄膜组分相对合理,略贫Cu而富Se.采用此薄膜为吸收层制备CIS原型薄膜太阳能电池,其光电测试显示单层CIS光伏响应达到1.6%.     

硒化温度对Cu(In, Al)Se2薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

采用了磁控溅射制备Cu-In-Al金属前驱体薄膜,后硒化快速退火得到铜铟铝硒(Cu(In,Al)Se2,CIAS)薄膜.研究了硒化温度对CIAS薄膜晶体结构和光学性质的影响.研究发现CIAS薄膜的晶体结构依赖于硒化温度,其禁带宽度随硒化温度升高发生红移.研究结果表明,CIAS薄膜的最佳硒化温度为540℃,其晶体结构为纯黄铜矿结构,禁带宽度为.34 eV,对应太阳电池理论最大效率的吸收层材料禁带宽度     

近空间升华法制备高取向硒化锑薄膜太阳电池

硒化锑太阳电池以其原材料丰富、工艺简单和结 构稳定等优势,近年来得到了快速发 展。本论文采用近空间升华法制备硒化锑光电薄膜,并对硒化锑的生长进行了机理研究和参 数优化。结果显示:衬底温度的提升有助于硒化锑薄膜的晶化。当衬底温度为 340 ℃时,薄 膜具有较高的晶化率和致密的表面形貌。另一方面,蒸发间距的改变能够调制硒化锑薄膜的 择优取向。当蒸发间距为10 mm时,薄膜具有明显的(002)取向的择优,对应(Sb₄Se₆)n带 垂直于衬底生长,使硒化锑光吸收层具有优异的载流子传输特性。将优化好的硒化锑薄膜应 用到太阳电池中,以FTO/CdS/Sb₂Se₃/P3HT/C的器件结构,获得了5.78%的光电转换效率,其 中开路电压为0.375 V,短路电流密度为28.01 mA/cm²,填充因子为54.94%。以上研究为高 取向性硒化锑太阳电池的优化制备提供了技术路线,并显示出了硒化锑太阳电池的研究潜力 。     

硒化温度对SnSe2薄膜材料性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射加硒化的两步法在超白玻璃衬底上生长SnSe₂薄膜,采用XRD、光学透过谱、Raman光谱、XPS和SEM等方法对薄膜进行性能表征。通过设置不同的硒化温度,研究不同硒化温度对所得薄膜相结构、物相与组分、表面形貌等性能的影响。结果表明:350℃,40min硒化所得薄膜为片状晶粒,光学带隙为1.46eV,相结构和均匀性等性能在该硒化条件下均为最佳。     

退火工艺对Al离子注入的4H-SiC表面形貌的影响

通过应用多次Al离子注入和CVD中的高温退火技术,在SiC片表面形成了p型层。p型层中各深度下Al的浓度均为110¹⁹cm^-3,层厚为550nm。本文应用三种不同的退火工艺对注入后的SiC进行退火。通过测量和比较表面粗糙度,发现通过石墨层覆盖来保护表面的退火工艺可以很好的阻止SiC表面在高温退火下的粗化,粗糙度保持在3.8nm。通过其他两种(在氩气保护下、在SiC保护片的覆盖下)退火工艺退火所得到的表面有明显的台阶,粗糙度分别为12.2nm和6.6nm。     

用磁控溅射和退火方法制备AlSb多晶薄膜

采用磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备Al/Sb预制多层薄膜,然后将Al/Sb预制多层薄膜在退火炉中退火得到AlSb多晶薄膜.用X射线衍射(XRD)法测薄膜结构;用扫描电镜(SEM)测薄膜Al/Sb成分比,结果表明AlSb多晶薄膜具有单一的晶相、均匀的结构,以及粒径大约20nm的晶粒.根据电导率(lnσ)与温度(T)的关系得到电导激活能为0.21和0.321eV,为制备出适用于太阳电池的AlSb多晶薄膜奠定了一定的技术基础.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first     

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS(CHINA)

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NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS–ESPECIALLY THE USE OF MILLI-MICROWAVE BANDS

The global bandwidth shortage of wireless communications has motivated the exploration of the naillimeter wave （ram-wave） frequency spectrum for the next generation wireless communications. Recent advances in RF CMOS technology and high speed baseband signal processing technologies have enabled tile extensive research and development of turn-wave wireless communications. The multi gigabit per second data rate of ram-wave system will lead to applications in many important scenarios, such as WPAN, WLAN,back-haul for cellular system. And the frequency bands include 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 45GHz, 60GHz, E-BAND and even beyond 100 GHz. The propagation and the imitation of the RF circuits design in these frequency bands make the directional antennas be inevitable for mm-wave communications.