等离子喷注Cr粉制备Al-Cr合金的组织研究

采用等离子喷注技术将不同粒径的Cr粉喷注到铝液中制备Al-Cr合金,并对试样显微组织进行分析。结果表明:等离子喷注技术能将Cr粉充分注入铝液,且经等离子弧活化的Cr粉能更好地与铝液反应;粒径为45~50μm的Cr粉注入可制得组织细小、分布均匀的Al-Cr合金,经650℃热处理8 h能大幅提高合金的组织均匀性,且细化和球化了晶粒。     

钼及钼合金研究的进展

简述了具有高性能的纳米钼粉、高纯钼粉的制备方法,包括微波等离子法、电脉冲法和球磨法;介绍了钼钛锆合金、钼铼合金、稀土钼合金、Si-Al-K掺杂钼合金、钼硅合金、钼铜复合材料的强化机制和研究现状,并展望了钼及其合金未来的发展。     

Al-C和Al-Ti-C中间合金对AZ91合金晶粒的细化

制备出两种用于AZ91合金晶粒细化的Al-C和Al-Ti-C中间合金.结果表明:这两种中间合金对AZ91合金均有良好的晶粒细化作用.向AZ91合金中加入1%的Al-C中间合金可使晶粒由原来的约130μm减小至65μm左右;向AZ91合金中加入1%的Al-TI-C中间合金可使晶粒由原来的约130μm减小至45μm左右.然而,两种中间合金添加量分别大于1%时,晶粒尺寸没有进一步的变化.分析认为:Al-C和Al-Ti-C中间合金起晶粒细化作用的分别是Al4C3相和Al4C3和TiC复合相.     

Ti3B4表面修饰对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金电极循环稳定性的影响

用机械合金化法合成不同组成的Ti-B系列的复合物与Mg45Ti3V2Ni50储氢合金.探索Ti、B复合修饰对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金循环稳定性的影响,筛选出对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金电极综合修饰效果较好的Ti3B4.将Ti3B4以不同质量比对Mg45Ti3V2Ni50合金电极球磨修饰.结果表明:不同比例的修饰,对储氢合金电极循环稳定性的提高程度不同,持久性不同,Ti与B复合修饰提高镁基储氢合金的循环寿命存在一个最佳组成和最佳比例.     

Cu含量对多孔Mg-Cu合金组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法,以Mg粉、Cu粉为原料,NH4 HCO3为造孔剂制备多孔Mg-Cu合金.研究了Cu含量对多孔Mg-Cu合金的孔隙度、显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度、抗压强度,以及耐腐蚀性能的影响.观察了腐蚀后多孔Mg-Cu合金表面的腐蚀形貌.研究结果表明:随着Cu含量的增加,多孔Mg-Cu合金的孔隙度先降低后增加,显微硬...     

MnCu基合金的时效特性

本文主要以Mn55Cu45合金为研究对象,通过控制时效温度和时效时间对合金进行不同的热处理,从而分析不同时效条件下所得到合金组织的结构特点。分析方法主要有显微组织分析、X射线衍射分析、差示扫描量热法等。实验结果表明:经过时效处理,Mn55Cu45合金中会形成富锰区和贫锰区,且在富锰区中会发生fcc到fct马氏体相变,并能获得最大4.2×10-5的磁诱发应变。     

美国铼合金公司简介

美国铼合金公司成立于1966年,当时,只是粉末冶金铼精细丝生产商,目前已发展成为具有多种产品的公司,包括铼粉、钨铼和钼铼合金产品,参见下表。     

时效与形变对Cu-Cr-Zr合金性能的影响

研究了时效参数和变形量对Cu 0 .3Cr 0 .0 48Zr合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明 :合金经 92 0℃× 1h固溶后 ,在 5 5 0℃时效可获得较高的电导率 ,在 5 0 0℃时效可获得较高的显微硬度。时效前加以冷变形可以加速时效初期第二相的析出 ,使合金的性能以较快的幅度上升 ,合金经 60 %变形后 5 0 0℃时效 0 .5h时 ,电导率和显微硬度分别可达 45 .96MS/m和14 2 .2HV ,而固溶后直接时效仅为 3 3 .95MS/m和 99.7HV。     

制备工艺对WCu30合金的显微组织及抗电弧烧蚀性能的影响

采用2种不同的真空熔渗工艺制备出WCu30合金,测定了2种合金的理化性能及力学性能;对2种合金进行了真空电击穿试验,测量其击穿时的截流值和击穿场强;使用SEM分析了2种合金的显微组织及电弧烧蚀后的表面形貌,比较了两者的抗电弧烧蚀能力。结果表明,烧骨架熔渗法制备的WCu30合金显微组织均匀,铜相平均尺寸为10~20μm;混粉熔渗法制备的WCu30合金中的铜相大小不一致,存在长条状铜相聚集体,其最大尺寸可达80~100μm。烧骨架法制备的WCu30合金的硬度、抗弯强度、抗电弧烧蚀能力高于混粉法制备的合金,其电弧侵蚀方式以铜相的蒸发气化为主,而混粉法的合金则以铜相的喷溅方式为主。烧骨架法的WCu30合金的平均耐电压强度高于混粉法合金,而平均截流值低于混粉法合金。     

固液混合铸造制备高合金锭坯的工艺研究

采用固液混合铸造制备了Al-10Mn和Al-10Cr合金坯料,研究了制备工艺及其对材料组织及性能的影响.采用先加入一定的粉末,搅拌后再分多次加入剩余粉末的加粉方式.当合金熔体的过热度为10～40℃、搅拌器转速为500r/min,压铸模温度为500～600℃时,能够获得组织均匀、细小的固液混合铸造合金.随着加粉量的增加和粉末粒度的减小,铸造坯料的力学性能也随之升高,这两种新合金可以应用于耐磨、耐蚀材料.     

热加工对电子束焊接TC11/Ti2AlNb双合金接头组织和性能的影响（英文）

研究热加工对电子束焊接TC11/Ti2Al Nb双合金接头显微组织的影响,对焊接件热暴露前后的室温拉伸性能进行测试。结果表明:电子束焊接TC11/Ti2Al Nb双合金熔合区主要由β相组成;经过变形和热处理后,熔合区主要由β、α2和α相组成,同时原始铸态的晶界在变形过程中破碎。在拉伸试验中,熔合区是薄弱区域;在不同的变形条件下,试样(热暴露前后)在此区域发生断裂。热处理后试样的最大室温拉伸强度达到1190 MPa;锻后水冷试样具有较好的塑性,其伸长率达到4.4%。相比较而言,经过(500°C,100 h)的热暴露后,试样的室温拉伸强度略有上升,但塑性变化较小。拉伸断口SEM观察显示,在不同变形条件下穿晶断裂为主要的断裂机制。     

等温变形对异种钛合金焊缝组织性能的影响

通过改变等温变形工艺参数探讨了焊缝显微组织的变化机理与焊件的室温拉伸性能。结果表明:在较低应变速率下,以较大变形量变形时,焊接界面晶粒细化与位错切过晶界和晶内的O/α2相条及O/α2发生拉长、颈缩而断开的机制有关,变形量小时则主要以位错切断晶界及晶内O/α2条为主。应变速率低(10-4s-1)和高(10-2s-1)时,出现的粗细不同条状O/α2相是与动态再结晶的响应速率有关。在980℃,以10-2～10-4s-1应变速率和30%～50%变形Ti2AlNb/TC11双合金焊接接头,可得到高于TC11合金的室温强度。     

Effects of minor yttrium addition on hot deformability of lamellar Ti-45Al-SNb alloy

The effects of 0.3%（molar fraction, the same below） yttrium addition on hot deformability of lamellar Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy were investigated by simulated isothermal forging tests. The ingots with the nominal compositions of Ti-45Al-5Nb and Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y were prepared by induction skull melting. Simulated isothermal forging tests were conducted on Gleeble 1500D thermo-simulation machine using a 6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length compressive specimen at the deformation temperatures of 1 100, 1 150, 1 200 ℃ and strain rates of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 s^-1. The results show that yttrium addition remarkably improves hot deformability of Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy. An appropriate hot deformation processing parameter of Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy is determined as 1 200 ℃, 0.01 s^-1. The flow stresses are decreased by yttrium addition under the same compressive conditions. The activation energies of deformation Q are calculated as 448.6 and 399.5 kJ/mol for Y-free and Y-containing alloys, respectively. The deformed microstructure observation under 1 200 ℃, 0.01 s^-1 condition indicates that Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy shows more dynamic recrystallization. The improvement of hot deformability of Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy induced by yttrium addition should be attributed to that the smaller the original lamellar colonies, the lower the deformation resistance and activation energy of deformation are, and the more the dynamic recrystallization is.     

Macro- and microstructure analysis of SSM A356 produced by electromagnetic stirring

The objective of this work is to present the relationship between macro- and microstructure of the rheocast alloy A356 obtained by electromagnetic stirring. There is a direct relationship between grain size (macrostructure) and globule size/shape factor (microstructure): the smaller the grain size, the smaller are the globule size and shape factor. The A356 alloy was processed in a simple device, which constitutes a semi-continuous casting system, coupled with a power source. The A356 (Al–7.0 wt.%Si) alloy was electromagnetically stirred under different cooling rates (controlled by the casting speed of 1 and 3 cm/s) and different power levels (600–1200 W). Ingots with 45 mm of diameter and 3 kg with very refined and homogeneous rheocast structures were obtained. The direct relationship between macro- and microstructures of the ingots were exploited. A quality index is proposed to better characterise the rheocast structure.     

非晶液相法生产烧结钕铁硼磁体的优越性

探讨了使用非晶态液相和接近２：１４：１成分的主相的双相合金工艺制造烧结钕铁硼稀土永磁材料的优越性。表明非晶液相法能有效减少钕铁硼磁体制造过程中的氧化,其他工艺相同时可获得比单相法更高的磁性能。暴露操作也可容易地制取Ｎ４０商业档次的磁体。在一定的封闭保护条件下,很容易获得氧含量极低、性能达Ｎ４５商业水平的磁体。     

Influence of heat treatment on tribological behaviors of novel wrought aluminum bronze

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Weibull analysis of fluidity and hardness of ultrasonical y degassed secondary Al7Si0.3Mg aluminum alloy

The influence of ultrasonic degassing process on fluidity and hardness of secondary Al7 Si0.3 Mg alloy castings was studied by Weibull analysis. This work makes a contribution about fluidity and hardness distribution of secondary aluminum alloys with ultrasonic degassing phenomena using a two-parameter form of Weibull analysis. Results show that both hardness and fluidity of alloy are improved after the ultrasonic degassing process. Average efficiency of ultrasonic degassing on fluidity measurements is 31.71%, whereas on hardness values is 8.48%. The Brinell hardness of 45.7 and fluidity of 19.5 of Weibull modulus were achieved as the most reliable and reproducible after 45 s ultrasonic degassing process against 15 s and 30 s ultrasonic degassing processes. The value of 70.08 HB is obtained from ultrosonic degassing, which is equivalent to sand casting of primary Al7 Si0.3 Mg aluminum alloy, and the highest value of 56.4 cm for 45 s after ultrasonic degassing of fluidity was measured.     

脉冲电沉积纳米晶铁-镍-铬合金箔工艺与性能研究

采用脉冲电沉积方法从含三价铬镀液中制备出铁-镍-铬合金箔,通过正交试验优化工艺条件,探究了配位剂和温度对合金箔成分的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对合金箔进行表征,并对合金箔的电性能、力学性能和抗腐蚀性进行研究,采用电化学手段对合金电沉积机理进行初探。获得最优工艺为:CrCl3·6H2O50g·L-1,电流密度16A·dm-2,周期100ms,占空比0.3,温度60℃,pH1～1.5,沉积45min可获得厚度为20～30μm的合金箔,此合金箔成分质量分数为:(62～67)%Fe、(30～33)%Ni和(3～5)%Cr。电沉积Fe-Ni-Cr合金箔微观为紧密堆砌的球形,无微裂纹,晶粒尺寸在纳米范围内,主相结构为Cr与α-Fe或γ-Fe形成的固溶体,当Cr含量4%,基体主要为γ-Fe;最佳工艺条件下获得的合金箔电阻率为68.66×10-6A·cm,具有良好的电性能;显微硬度为5819MPa(HV);在3.5%NaCl中腐蚀电流密度仅为1.685×10-6A·cm-2,抗腐蚀性优良;配位剂的加入使得铁、镍、铬的合金沉积电位接近,合金沉积变为可能。     

几种不同材料在含硫介质中的腐蚀性

用失重法和恒电位极化法研究了45#碳钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层在含S介质中的腐蚀性.结果表明,低温条件下,S2-浓度变化对4种材料阴极极化和阳极极化影响较小,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化曲线相似,为典型的阴、阳极控制的电化学腐蚀过程,自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流相近;Ni-P合金镀层出现了钝化区;45#碳钢出现了阳极控制的扩散过程.温度升高,腐蚀速率增大,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化率变大,Ni-P合金镀层的钝化性能减弱, 1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层均是含S介质中的耐蚀材料.     

Simulation of hot compression of Ti–Al alloy

Hot compressive experiments of Ti–45Al–7Nb–0.15B–0.4W (mole fraction, %) alloy canned by 45^# carbon steel were conducted at 1050–1230 °C on Gleeble1500 hot simulator with nominal deformation of 30% and strain rate of 0.01 s⁻¹. The displacement–loading curves were obtained, and the macrostructure and microstructure were observed. The results show that the hot compressive temperature of TiAl alloy must be higher than 1050 °C and lower than 1230 °C with 45^# steel can, and its optimum temperature is 1180 °C. The highest actual deformation of TiAl alloy canned by 45^# steel is 50% with nominal deformation of 30%. The grains after being hotly compressed are flattened and elongated.