Valuation of changeable production systems

The introduction of changeable production systems increases the adaptability of factories in an uncertain environment. This paper analyzes the valuation of the economic efficiency of such systems using the real options theory. The developed approach proposes a structured valuation process for selecting options related to production engineering and factory planning. Based on a classification of possible modifications of a production system, options profiles are derived. Considering the existing uncertainty of a company’s environment these profiles may be utilized to identify real options which ought to be included when valuating a technical production system design.     

工艺计划与生产调度集成的动态CAPP系统的研究

根据生产实际的需要,讨论工艺计划和生产计划调度的集成问题,以提高CAPP动态实时性和生产计划调度的稳定性,使整个生产过程处于整体最优.在分析出现问题的基础上,建立了动态CAPP的原型系统、基本组成单元以及动态CAPP系统的总体流程图,为解决直线型生产过程组织所带来的问题提供了有效的途径和解决的方法.     

过程管理集成测评系统研究

针对过程管理测评主要是对企业绩效的测评，而且主要借助于财务指标的事后测评这一现状，在比较过程管理绩效测评与过程绩效测评区别与联系的基础上，研究了过程管理绩效测评系统的内涵，对过程管理绩效测评系统进行了定义。提出了从过程管理实施过程的“利益相关者”(stakeholder)的角度出发，考虑财务指标与非财务指标相结合，定性指标与定量指标相结合，对过程管理实施整个生命周期进行实时测评的思想。基于这一思想提出了过程管理实施过程绩效测评指标的演绎方法和一套典型的绩效指标，提出了利用模糊综合测评方法对过程管理绩效进行综合测评的测评方法，建立了过程管理集成测评系统体系结构并开放了相应的软件系统。     

An agile production network enabled by reconfigurable manufacturing systems

Emergencies, and efforts to address them, create disruptions to local and global supply chains and surges in demand of emergency resources, which substantially affect global production. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems are promising solutions to improve flexibility and to reduce the effort needed to adapt supply chains and production networks to fit a perturbed environment. This paper proposes a method for coordination of reconfigurable manufacturing resources from multiple enterprises to structure ad-hoc production networks for critical products required in emergencies. Network optimization models and interaction algorithms are integrated to evolve the production network through synchronous machine-level and network-level reconfiguration driven by data.     

A production planning system to continuously integrate the characteristics of reconfigurable manufacturing systems

Operation in a dynamic environment requires companies to constantly adapt their manufacturing systems to stay competitive. One approach to manufacturing is the use of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). Current production planning approaches cannot model and realize the production-side adaptions available in RMS. In this article a novel planning system for modeling that continuously integrates the key characteristics of RMS in production planning and control (PPC) is presented. First, the challenges for production planning using RMS are defined. A feasible planning system is then presented, based on modeling and specification approaches, followed by a planning method to realize capacity scalability and functionality changes in planning processes. Finally, a prototypical application is outlined and the planning system is evaluated with the help of different production scenarios. The application results demonstrate the feasibility of the planning system as well as the potential improvement of typical key performance indicators in manufacturing.     

Cyber physical systems for predictive production systems

As disruptive technologies like Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things advance at a breakneck speed, modern manufacturing is ready to embrace the systematic deployment of predictive production systems. The predictive production system is an intelligent manufacturing system where networked assets are equipped with self-awareness to predict, root cause, and reconfigure faulty events automatically. Cyber physical systems are one of the core enabling technologies within which information from all the related perspectives are analyzed and interconnected between physical factory floor and the cyber computational space. It intertwines with smart analytics to comprehend invisible issues for rapid decision making. In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed on how cyber physical systems can be applied to predictive production systems to inject resilience and interoperability so that the productivity of manufacturing can be optimized.     

Structure integrated adaptronical systems for machine tools

The performance of a machine tool is primarily determined by its static and dynamic behavior. During a cutting process, high static and dynamic forces may occur, which cause instabilities in the cutting process. The structure integrated adaptronical compensation modules introduce a new approach to compensate static and dynamic deformations of structure components of a machine tool and help in achieving a significant improvement of the process behavior. An erratum to this article can be found at     

A controlling system based on cause–effect relationships for the ramp-up of production systems

Due to ever shorter product life-cycles, the duration and costs of the ramp-up phase are becoming even more important. Unfortunately, actual tools for project management are not capable of controlling the ramp-up sufficiently. Currently a ramp-up controlling system is developed with a prognosis model as its core component. This is based on a network of cause–effect relationships, which forecasts the effect of a parameter change on the principal project objectives such as performance, costs and due dates. The paper explains the basic model and the structure of the resulting prototype which consists of project planning software, databases, spreadsheets and simulation models.     

Glocalized cyber physical production systems

Current developments in automation technology deal with ??cyber physical systems??. These cyber physical systems have sensors and actors and can make decisions based on their own intelligence as well as partially adapt to changing conditions. For a versatile and networked production cyber physical systems are of limited value. Precisely where the available sensors and actuators have to be combined flexibly due to ever new conditions, these systems find their limits because of their insularity. Limited computing hardware resources and lacking interfaces confine the possibilities of cyber physical systems in production environment. This paper explains how cyber physical systems need to be developed further in order to meet the requirements of a versatile and networked production plant.     

面向产品的集成化CAPP系统的研究与实践

分析了面向产品的集成化CAPP系统的特点,并根据企业需求开发了一个面向CIMS环境的CAPP系统,该系统已在企业得到成功应用。本文对SYCS－CAPP系统的开发环境、系统的功能及应用进行了详细介绍。     

基于Web面向产品的综合式CAPP系统

文章介绍了一个基于Web面向产品的综合式CAPP系统,包括:采用的Microsoft Windows DNA结构,系统组成及其功能,知识处理,数据库维护和用户管理等主要内容.系统采用国内外流行的Web、XML和组件技术,建立了集交互式、检索式和基于知识的方式于一体的CAPP系统,进行面向企业产品的各类零件进行工艺设计,生成满足生产要求的工艺文件.CAPP系统运行环境为Windows2000,编程语言采用ASP 、JavaScript和VC 等,关系数据库采用Oracle.目前,系统已经应用于沈阳第一机床厂.     

Technology of integrated usage of fullerene materials in sorbent production

Information about the main directions of the developing production technology of adsorbing materials, containing bound fullerenes, is given. The most promising is the usage of fullerene microquantities as a modifier of sorbing materials of diverse nature, which substantially increases their activity.     

IPC与PMAC集成控制的开放式数控在线非接触测量系统

面向CAD/CAM逆向工程，分析了个人计算机数控（PCNC）的特征及组成，IPC与PMAC集成的开放式数控系统的工作机理；在此基础上，提出开放式数控准在线非接触测量系统，不仅使测量速度快，测量精度高，而且可以更好地实现CAD/CAM的集成。     

CAD／CAM集成系统开发

本文介绍一个基于微机的CAD／CAM集成系统,主要讨论系统的总体结构,绘图编辑,加工分析、后置处理等内容。     

基于CORBA的制造信息集成系统研究

文章以IONA公司的Orbix工具为后端支持平台,实现基于CORBAA软总线的CAx信息集成系统结构,以Visual C 作为前台开发工具,对已有制造资源进行深入分析,合理有效的规划各部分功能模块的接口,从而实现了跨网络跨平台的制造信息系统集成设计及资源共享.     

液压机全预紧组合机架的整体性分析

探讨了大型锻造液压机全预紧组合机架的整体工作性能,用三维有限元方法分析了拉杆刚度、立柱刚度及拉杆偏置量对机架整体性的影响规律.分析结果表明,拉杆与立柱的刚度比对机架整体性的影响十分明显,是调整机架整体工作性能的重要参数之一.该刚度比越大,其整体性越好.从比值关系上看,拉杆偏置对开缝及立柱横向位移的影响还是明显的,但对于具有大台面的大型液压机,由于受到结构的限制,拉杆的实际偏置量往往很小,其偏置系数通常只能达到千分之几,因此其对整体性的影响不明显.上述研究结果对大型锻造液压机及采用此类结构的其他类型压机的设计有一定指导意义.     

Resilient architecture for cyber-physical production systems

Production systems are a typical example of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in which a variety of machines, actuators, sensors and control systems are interwoven to produce products as efficiently as possible. Even though sophisticated condition monitoring systems are deployed, stoppage, breaks, and other types of failures still happen. To avoid catastrophic operational disruptions, desirably the production system itself resiliently and autonomously responses to failures. This paper reports a design method for a resilient architecture of a cyber-physical production system that can deal with disturbances and failures in a discrete-event process. A physical demonstrator was built to demonstrate its reconfiguration capabilities.     

A systematic approach to integrated fault diagnosis of flexible manufacturing systems

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is an application of modern manufacturing techniques. Like for other manufacturing equipment, the success of an FMS is very much dependent upon its trouble-free operation. It is crucial to monitor all the possible faults or abnormalities in real time and, when a fault is detected, react quickly in order to maintain the productivity of the FMS. Because of the complexity of FMSs, the functionally complete diagnosis of an FMS should be based on all the available information and various advanced diagnostic techniques so as to get a satisfactory result. This paper proposes a systematic approach to fault diagnosis of FMSs that integrates condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and maintenance planning. An intelligent integrated fault-diagnosis system is designed with a modular and reconfigurable structure. The implementation of the integrated diagnosis system is presented in detail. The system can monitor the major conditions and diagnose the major faults of an FMS, and give corresponding maintenance planning as well. The developed system has been applied to an existing FFS-1500-2 FMS in Zhengzhou Textile Machinery Plant and has achieved good results.     

Design of a theoretical holistic system model as base of construction kits for building Plug&Produce-able modular production systems

With the aim of creating flexible and variable production systems, the concept of Plug&Produce contributes to changing markets. Increasing product diversity entails increasing mixes to be produced. Thus, flexibility in adapting production quickly to fluctuating demands in functionality and performance is required. The associated shortening of life cycles involves the requirement of variable production systems structures. To solve these tasks, holistic concepts are necessary on whose basis construction kits can be created which are necessary to built up those kinds of production systems. These concepts must all-embracing cover physical structure, processes and energy supply as well as process-, flow- and logistic-control. Since we are convinced that without a theoretical fundament this task cannot be accomplished, we present a holistic system model, based upon both, the analysis of the general system theory and the analysis of controlled systems. This research and development project is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the Framework Concept “Research for Tomorrow’s Production” and managed by the Project Management Agency Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Production and Manufacturing Technologies Division (PTKA-PFT).     

An integrated FEM system facilitated with automatic remeshing

Heavy distortion of elements in finite element simulation of metal forming requires many times of remeshing during the computation. These remeshings should be performed automatically for both saving computation time and convenience. In this study, a fully automatic remeshing algorithm for two dimensional (2D) quadrilateral elements has been well established. A 2D rigid-plastic FEM code facilitated with the remeshing and refinement algorithm has been developed and applied to a two stage forging process. The system exhibited good performance during the simulation.