On "Paradoxes of student protests."

Suggests that the paper by E. A. Rubinstein (see record 1969-10303-001) concerning paradoxes of student protests has contributed little to the comprehension of student activism. He has obscured the issues on which student action is based and cloaked his own conservative views in the guise of scientific and clinical research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theodor Reik: An appreciation.

Theodore Reik (1888-1969) is important and this appreciative symposium will tell why. His life and work are truly relevant to the history of the Division of Psychoanalysis. This appreciative symposium of seven papers by six distinguished authors pays tribute to Reik's special place in psychoanalytic history. The late historian of psychoanalysis writes of two interviews with Reik in 1965 and 1967 (see record 2006-20697-009). Dany Nobus, from London, who is at work on a biography of Reik, wonders what happened to Reikian psychoanalysis (see record 2006-20697-010). Martin Schulman, the former editor of The Psychoanalytic Review, reconsiders the question of lay analysis (see record 2006-20697-011). Zvi Lothane, a noted scholar, continues his interest in free association with an examination of Listening With The Third Ear (see record 2006-20697-012). Morton Israel, who has worked to reestablish Reik's reputation, writes about Reik's compulsion to confess (see record 2006-20697-013). Kyle Arnold, a graduate student, offers another view of The Compulsion to Confess (see record 2006-20697-014). Arnold's paper won the Stephen A. Mitchell Award for an outstanding paper by a psychology student. The final paper, by Kyle Arnold was also submitted independently of the symposium and is included (see record 2006-20697-015). It covers Reik's theory of listening. All of the contributors including myself, as a former student of Reik, have been touched in different ways by his genius. It is hoped that these appreciative papers will reintroduce Reik's ideas to a new generation of psychologist/psychoanalysts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the fudging of scientific data.

F. J. Samelson's (see record 1980-24349-001) hand wringing would be more acceptable had he been more accurate and careful in his own writing. It is time to realize that fudging of scientific data also occurs in other sciences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Casting stones: A reply to Humphreys.

Contends that the critique by L. G. Humphreys (see record 1982-24859-001) of the present author's (see record 1981-06882-001) article is vitiated by the facts that (a) the article he criticizes was an invited position paper and not an original presentation of data, so that detailed statistical testing would have been inappropriate to the purpose of the article; (b) Humphreys commits in his reply some of the "misdeeds" of which he accuses the present author; (c) contrary to Humphrey's assertion, the number of cases in the 3 nonentrenchment experiments (74) is more than adequate for drawing conclusions of the sort made; and (d) Humphreys misinterprets his own z tests. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sacred space, not sacred cows, or it's never fun being prophetic.

Replies to comments by E. F. Loftus (see record 1998-00766-029), S. Buchholz (see record 1998-00766-030), L. G. Humphreys (see record 1998-00766-031), D. S. Lindsay (see record 1998-00766-032), and T. Dineen (see record 1998-00766-033) regarding the article (see record 84-26142) concerning managed care and false memory movement issues in social justice-oriented psychology. Firstly, Brown contends that Loftus"s assertions of misrepresentation are inaccurate. Secondly, Brown argues that making memory retrieval per se the guiding strategy and goal of therapy is more likely to be detrimental than helpful to abuse survivors, and is not consistent with a pro-survivor stance. It is also stated that each claim of recovered memories must be evaluated carefully and on an individual basis in light of all available evidence. Lastly, Brown argues that her goal for her colleagues and readers was for them to develop and assert their own strategies for the achievement of tikkunolam, to be the authors of their own actions, as she attempts to create a therapy in which clients are the authors of their own lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

What is implied?

Argues that G. Stricker (see record 1977-29882-001), in his article on research implications for psychotherapy with women, cannot dismiss the analog data of others while using different analog studies to support his own statements. Stricker's conclusions concerning the frequency of sex between therapist and client and the bias of male vs female therapists are based only on his own speculations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Definitions and levels of analysis.

Presents concerns with the article by D. M. Buss et al (see record 1998-01669-001). The present author states his main concern as being the suggestion by Buss et al that S. J. Gould (see record 1992-11754-001) was inconsistent in his usage of the term "exaptation," and that his stated definitions seem to require these effects to be biological. Additionally, the author takes issue with the suggestion by Buss et al that Gould used the term to "cover novel but functionless uses or consequences of existing characteristics," and offers his own interpretation of Gould's research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research notes: Little Albert, lost or found: Further difficulties with the Douglas Merritte hypothesis.

In some intriguing detective work, Beck, Levinson, and Irons (see record 2009-18110-004) attempted to solve the mystery of what happened to Little Albert, the infant in whom Watson and Rayner (1920) claimed to have conditioned a rat phobia. They concluded that a child by the name of Douglas Merritte, the son of a wet nurse at Johns Hopkins Hospital, very likely was Albert (the published name, Albert B, apparently having been a pseudonym). Powell (see record 2010-08987-015) and Reese (see record 2010-08987-016) outlined certain difficulties with Beck et al.’s (2009) analysis, the foremost being a comment from Watson (1924/1925) that Albert was later adopted, whereas Douglas had remained with his mother (see Beck, 2010, for his rejoinder to Powell and Reese) (see record 2010-08987-017). The present report presents an additional difficulty with the Douglas Merritte hypothesis which concerns the estimated timeline during which the baseline session (and first film session) of the Albert experiment likely took place. It is the congruence between Douglas’ age and the reported age of Albert during this estimated timeline on which the case for Douglas being Albert largely rests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

McSweeney, Murphy, and Kowal: Reply to Branch (2005), Rowlett (2005), and Siegel (2005).

The authors thank M. N. Branch (see record 2005-10634-002), J. K. Rowlett (see record 2005-10634-003), and S. Siegel (see record 2005-10634-004) for their comments. Branch's commentary contains many misconceptions. The authors try to clarify these issues. They agree with Rowlett that converging approaches to understanding drug consumption will ultimately yield the best results. The authors also agree that measuring reinforcer effectiveness is difficult. New techniques such as probe preference tests make this task more manageable. The authors thank Siegel for describing recent changes in his model. Nevertheless, the authors believe that their discussion of his compensatory response model helps to clarify their own model. They also believe Siegel defines homeostasis somewhat differently than they do; thus, their positions may be more similar than they appear. The details of their model remain to be worked out, but the authors believe that it provides a testable and parsimonious model for the regulation of drug consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On not being heard: Response to Gargiulo (2007) and Mills (2007).

Replies to comments made by G. Gargiulo (see record 2007-16468-013) and J. Mills (see record 2007-16468-014) on the current author's original comments (see record 2007-00135-013) on an article by K. Maroda (see record 2007-00135-012). I stand by the extensive clinical evidence that I have garnered, which indicates that a revised version of Freud's topographic theory is superior to his structural theory as a platform for psychoanalytic understanding and technique. I support my position here by citing some original contributions made by the adaptive approach and then highlight adaptive insights into patients' archetypal, unconscious perceptions of the moral implications of a therapist's use of a home office. I conclude with a discussion of why psychoanalysts have rejected the adaptive approach out of hand. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On social psychology and policy analysis.

Responds to criticisms by H. H. Kendler (see record 1984-12071-001), I. J. Mansdorf (see record 1984-12073-001), D. A. Resnick (see record 1984-12082-001), and G. Caplan (see record 1984-12061-001) of the present author's (see record 1983-32571-001) social-psychological assessment of the prospects for Israeli-Palestinian peace, based on an analysis of Yasser Arafat's cognitive style. The author upholds the validity of his use of psychological principles in policy analysis, responds to specific criticisms related to cultural and political realities in the Middle East, and argues that recent political events support his conclusions concerning the readiness of Palestinians to seek peace. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Current concerns are past concerns.

Replies to comments by J. S. Armstrong (see record 1998-11971-007), D. Buck (see record 1998-11971-008), J. Friedrich (see record 1998-11971-009), and R. E. Redding (see record 1998-11971-010) regarding articles in the November 1997 issues of American Psychologist concerning student evaluations of teaching (SETs) (see records 1997-43129-002, 1997-43129-003, 1997-43129-004, and 1997-43129-005). The current authors contend that the challenges explored in the comments are weak and suggestions are problematic. Abrami and D'Apollonia cite their review of research evidence from multisection validity studies and found that ratings explain instructor impacts on student learning to a moderate extend (corrected r?=?.47). They also state that the relationship between ratings and teacher-produced learning is somewhat variable. They also contend that it is harmful to disregard teaching effectiveness as a criterion for promotion and tenure, urge prudence in decision making, and advocate the use of ratings to make only gross distinctions regarding teaching effectiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The ethics of asking about abuse and the harm of "don't ask, don't tell."

Replies to comments by J. Read (see record 2007-07130-012), D. Gleaves et al (see record 2007-07130-013), V. Edwards et al (see record 2007-07130-014), M. Black and R. Black (see record 2007-07130-015), and S. Ullman (see record 2007-07130-016), which raised important points about the authors' original article (see record 2006-03947-003). Those comments extend our thinking about how to ask participants about abuse in an ethical way. Together, the comments point to the importance of researchers examining our own reasons for asking--or not asking--about abuse and of paying attention to how we respond when we ask. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Clinical psychology training in Canada: Its development, current status, and the prospects for accreditation": Comment.

Commends John Conway for his careful record of clinical training, analysis for accreditation and particularly for his caveats concerning the wisdom of respecting regional diversity in generating and applying criteria for clinical psychology training in Canada (see record 1985-10567-001). The present author presents some caveats of his own. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Creativity and confidence: price of achievement?": Comment.

Comments on the article by C. Martindale (see record 2001-00625-007) which discussed Thomas Young. The author supports the views of Martindale and gives his own insight on the subject of creativity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Environment and Criminality.

Comments on the article by Jeffery (see record 1965-06327-001), which exposes the dilemma of the "expert witness" who must simultaneously combat his own weak methodology and a notion of free will which is inconsistently applied to usual, but not to unusual behavior. The current author suggests that certified experts are at best a stopgap solution, and that the effective path is a hard one--definition of social goals and careful determination of which social conditions do and do not lead to these goals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Changes in counselor intentions and response modes and in client reactions and session evaluation after training.

Examined changes in counseling skills by comparing pre- and postsemester counseling interviews of 13 trained graduate student counselors and 13 graduate students in a no-treatment control condition. Dependent measures included the Counselor and Client Verbal Response Category Systems, the therapist intentions list by C. E. Hill and K. E. O'Grady (see record 1985-15615-001), the client reactions system by Hill et al (see record 1989-18876-001), and the session evaluation questionnaire by W. B. Stiles and J. S. Snow (see record 1984-15583-001). When compared to the graduate students in the no-treatment control condition, the trained graduate student counselors decreased their use of the assessment intention and the question response mode and increased their use of the explore intention and the minimal encouragers response mode. The student clients seen by the trained graduate student counselors showed parallel changes in response modes and session evaluation. I conclude that these changes reflected those expected from training in interpersonal-dynamic therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Consciousness and the voices of the mind": Response to the discussants.

In planning the McMaster University Brain and Behaviour Research Programme's 1983 Bauer lecture, it was deemed that a topic in the area of cognitive neuroscience might be suitable, preferably one of a general nature that would be of interest to several disciplines. Consciousness, one of the most perplexing of human issues, requires that we question how the living material of the human brain results in the subjective awareness humankind experiences. Julian Jaynes was asked to present the lecture, which was entitled "Consciousness and the voices of the mind" (see record 2007-08986-001). In this article, Jaynes responds to comments on his lecture by Daniel Dennett (see record 2007-09336-002), Jonathan Miller (see record 2007-09336-003), and George Ojemann (see record 2007-09336-004). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Executive functioning and alcohol-related aggression: Reply to Weingartner (2000), Bates (2000), Lyvers (2000), Cherek (2000), and Berman (2000).

H. Weingartner (see record 2000-02949-018), M. E. Bates (see record 2000-02949-014), M. Lyvers (see record 2000-02949-017), D. R. Cherek (see record 2000-02949-016), and M. E. Berman (see record 2000-02949-015) put forth some very interesting and thought-provoking commentaries on the author's executive functioning framework for alcohol-related aggression (P. R. Giancola; see record 2000-02949-013). Many of their comments raised very important questions such as how executive functioning should be defined and conceptualized. Specifically, they asked whether executive functioning is better conceptualized as a unidimensional macroconstruct or as a set of related, yet independent, cognitive processes. Another key question was what other factors does executive functioning interact with to facilitate intoxicated aggression. Although these issues are far from being resolved, the author hopes that his article, their commentaries, and his responses will generate new research that will ultimately help to better predict and prevent alcohol-related aggression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Of old philosophies and new kids on the block.

Discusses articles by D. E. Polkinghorne (see record 1985-07630-001), G. S. Howard (see record 1985-07626-001), and M. J. Patton (see record 1985-07629-001), in which they find the philosophy of science undergirding contemporary research in counseling psychology to be deficient. Their criticisms are reviewed and evaluated within the context of the present author's own view that the purpose of scientific activity is the construction (construing) of reality. The present author challenges the new philosophy to prove itself. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)