从石灰浸渍预处理的铬鞣革制取明胶

为了改善皮革工业污水,本报告提出了从石灰浸渍预处理的铬鞣革制取明胶的改进方法.铬鞣革经石灰浸渍3天后,洗涤、调整pH值,即可在70℃下萃取3小时,制取明胶.     

德国Schiii＋Seiiclcher制革工艺

备注：用于铬鞣革鞣的树脂鞣剂。UKATAN MD可以改善皮革的丰满度，特别是边腹部，但不会影响铬鞣革的性能。     

制革鞣制工艺过程的革新

过去不少皮革期刊和技术文献已发表过有关鞣制工艺革新方面的文章.鞣制工艺过程的革新并不意味着制革者可以放弃对皮革科学的研究,制革者革新鞣制工艺应赋予皮革外观、手感并提高皮革的内在性能.在讨论鞣制工艺革新之前,先摘要说明铬鞣革、植鞣革、醛鞣革、取代型合成鞣革的基本特征.     

成革固体废弃物中重金属毒性测定的研究

本文主要研究对象是皮革制品中对生态体系有害的重金属毒性。采用电感耦合等离子体发射仪（ICP-OES）测定皮革样品中的重金属浓度,重金属的毒性是采用MetPLATE生物测定法。在铬盐和铝盐鞣制的成革中,铬和铝占到重金属总浓度的98％,而在一些植鞣革中,锆是检测到的唯一重金属。铬鞣革、铝鞣革以及植鞣革的平均抑制值分别为98．08％、97．04％和62．36％。     

鞣后湿操作过程中不浸酸铬鞣革的铬释放研究

通过与常规铬鞣革对比,研究了不浸酸铬鞣革鞣后湿操作中的铬释放情况,同时还研究了不同复鞣剂对不浸酸铬鞣革鞣后铬释放的情况。试验结果表明:不浸酸铬鞣革在鞣后湿加工过程中铬释放总量为2 012.83mg/L,与常规铬鞣革相比减少了30.67%;尤其是中和过程中脱铬量仅为常规铬鞣革的32.55%;丙烯酸类复鞣剂、氨基树脂类复鞣剂可以明显降低不浸酸铬鞣在鞣后湿加工过程中的铬释放,其中大分子丙烯酸复鞣剂复鞣过程中铬释放量减少了79.93%。总之,不浸酸铬鞣剂可以与皮胶原蛋白牢固结合,从而降低皮革在鞣后湿操作过程中铬的释放量。     

半铬鞣革增加铬含量的方法

引言在亚洲 E.I.型的半植鞣革生产的研究已达到完善的高级阶段。这类皮革很方便地能进一步处理成各种成品革,尤其是半铭鞣型。东印度鞣革生产半铬鞣革的基本方法是:用适度的碱和脱脂剂脱除植鞣物质,然后用酸酸化以降低 pH 后进行铬鞣,以及避免铁的沾污。这些皮革将进一步得到处理,例如:染色、加脂、用合成鞣剂或植物鞣剂进行复鞣,这些处理由成革所需的颜色和特性所决定。     

制革固体废弃物对皮革染料的吸附等温线和动力学研究

表明了工业植鞣革和铬鞣革固体废物具有较强的吸附能力,可以经济有效的地去除制革废水中的染料。废水取自皮革湿整理工序,分析了两种皮革废物(铬鞣革和植鞣革)吸附过程的pH值以及染料废水的浓度变化范围。在最佳的吸附pH(2~3)下,得到铬鞣革屑对酸性黄194染料、酸性红357染料和酸性黑210染料的吸附等温线和吸附动力学。酸性黄194染料、酸性红357染料和酸性黑210染料的吸附等温线为C1、H2和H3形,分别符合Henry、Langmuir和BET吸附模型。三种染料的动力学均符合Elovich模型,表明吸附过程为化学吸附。对酸性黄194染料的吸附分别用拟一级动力学和拟二级动力学方程进行拟合,酸性红357染料用拟二级动力学方程进行拟合。此外,酸性黄194染料的吸附受边界层扩散的影响,而酸性红357染料和酸性黑210染料的吸附受到颗粒内扩散的影响。     

微波辐照对硝酸铬溶液水解配聚行为的影响

通过对微波辐照和在相同条件下进行水浴保温的硝酸铬溶液的pH值、电导率、介电常数和紫外-可见光谱进行分析,研究了微波辐照,特别是非热效应对硝酸铬溶液水解、配聚行为的影响。实验结果表明,随着保温温度的升高和保温时间的延长,虽然微波辐照和水浴加热都可以使硝酸铬溶液pH值降低,电导率和介电常数上升,紫外特征吸收峰紫移,R值增大,但是微波辐照造成的上述参数的变化更加明显。微波促进了铬配合物的水解过程,表现为体系pH降低得更多,体系的水解速率加快了34.88%;促进了铬配合物的配聚过程,生成了高阳电性的多核铬配合物,表现为吸收峰紫移更快和R值增加得更多;微波对硝酸铬溶液存在非热效应,表现为体系的介电常数增值分别随时间和温度增大了17.18%和16.52%。以上证据说明微波辐照能更好地促进硝酸铬鞣液的水解和配聚,在此过程中存在非热效应和均匀热效应的综合作用。     

研制助鞣剂的意见及有关文献综述

为了显示皮革特性,突出舒适感,皮革已向柔软方向变化,既柔软又要有丰满弹性.为了适应皮革的这种质量要求,本文归纳了国内外有关文献资料,提出增强鞣制作用,阻止纤维粘结,从而防止皮革板硬.国内多在铬鞣上下功夫,如铬复鞣、蒙囿鞣、少浴液鞣、热鞣、油铬鞣、严格控制鞣制中的pH值变化等.国外则发展了许多新材料,如含铬合成鞣剂、革内提碱、氨基化合物、羧酸、二羧酸、多元羧酸、氨基树脂、丙烯酸树脂等.通过总结这些办法的作用机理,提出了一种新材料的设计要求.如果能制造出这种新材料-助鞣剂,就能充分发挥现有鞣剂的鞣制作用,提高皮革质量,用量少,效果大,适应皮革生产需要.     

我省五个军工产品荣获轻工部一类一名

在今年三月轻工部召开的全国军工皮革、革件产品质量评比鉴定会上,铬鞣黄牛耐热碗垫革、铬植结合鞣黄牛碗垫革、油鞣     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press