共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 578 毫秒
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以可溶性角蛋白为诱导底物,采用综合CS/CZ比值、活力大小与脱毛效果的集成定向诱导选育技术,从制革污水样品中,筛选到脱毛效率高的角蛋白酶野生菌株.应用菌落形态特征、部分生理生化、Biolog菌种鉴定系统和基于16SrDNA的分子生物学方法等多相分类鉴定技术鉴定,确定该分离株为Bacillus cereus,并命名为Bacillus cereus B-8.其粗酶液应用于绵羊皮脱毛实验的结果表明,该酶液可取代硫化碱,高效地使绵羊皮脱毛.应用组织形态学方法对脱毛机理的探讨表明,酶是沿毛干渗透到毛根部,破坏毛囊与毛袋、毛球与毛乳头之间的联结组织,削弱其联结,随后借助机械作用,使毛脱离表皮,实现无硫脱毛的目的.研究结果表明该分离株是开发无硫生物助剂生产技术的候选微生物菌株. 相似文献
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按照毛脱去的最终状态,将制革中的脱毛方法分为毁毛脱毛法和保毛脱毛法,介绍了已出现的各种保毛脱毛方法及脱毛机理。 相似文献
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对CO2超临界流体代替水作介质下的制革酶脱毛进行了研究,并与常规条件下以水作介质进行的有温有浴酶脱毛和堆置酶脱毛作了对比。结果表明:在CO2超临界流体介质中进行制革酶脱毛是可行的,其脱毛分析液的总蛋白含量和羟脯氨酸含量分别约为常规酶脱毛的2倍和1~2倍,其脱毛分析液的酶活力损失低于常规酶脱毛。CO2超临界流体介质中酶脱毛后铬鞣的革,在本实验条件下其收缩温度达到95℃左右,高于常规酶脱毛后铬鞣的革。本实验中较为理想的在CO2超临界流体介质中进行制革酶脱毛的超临界反应条件为:反应压力8.5MPa、反应温度37℃、反应时间2h、AS1.398蛋白酶用量200单位/g皮。 相似文献
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制革加工中,脱毛是一个重要且必需的工序,而酶法脱毛技术是一项重要的制革清洁生产技术。本文考察了蛋白酶K在黄牛皮酶脱毛过程中的应用。实验从酶用量,温度和pH等脱毛条件对蛋白酶K的酶脱毛工艺进行了探究。并从脱毛液中总蛋白含量分析、羟脯氨酸含量分析和粒面及纤维形貌观察对不同工艺条件的酶脱毛进行了比较。研究发现蛋白酶K具有水解酪素和胶原纤维的能力,将其用于黄牛皮酶脱毛,其较理想的脱毛工艺条件为:酶用量为150 U/g皮,温度为35℃,pH为8.0,脱毛时长5 h。脱毛效果较好,且对皮胶原的损伤较轻。 相似文献
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详细论述了猪沙发革的加工工艺。从猪皮去肉后称重开始,对猪皮的浸水、脱毛、浸酸鞣制、复鞣和染色加脂等工序,进行了较为系统的介绍。 相似文献
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环境污染已经成为制约我国制革工业发展的重大问题。本文针对我国制革工业的现状,应用绿色化学的基本原理和方法,在总结已有研究的基础上,系统,扼要地介绍了绿色化学技术在皮革化学品生产,原料皮保藏,部毛,鞣剂及染整等多方面的应用,提出了实现制革化学绿色化的基本思路,阐明了高技术在制革工业中的应用前景。 相似文献
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本文研究了碱-酶联合脱毛法对牛皮营养成分与品质变化影响。通过水分、蛋白质、脂肪、脂肪酸、氨基酸组成、微量元素与重金属分析评价其营养成分变化,由pH、色差、持水力、蒸煮损失、剪切力与质构等指标评价其食用品质变化。结果表明,碱、酶对牛皮中的蛋白质与氨基酸有一定的水解作用。经碱-酶联合法脱毛,牛皮中的蛋白质含量降低4.89%,16种氨基酸含量均有不同程度降低;牛皮中主要的饱和脂肪酸豆蔻(C14:0)与硬脂酸(C18:0),经脱毛后含量分别降低8.65%、0.71%,棕榈酸(C16:0)增加5.12%;单不饱和脂肪酸含量升高12.89%,而多不饱和脂肪酸含量降低7.53%。经碱-酶联合脱毛处理,其蒸煮损失由5%升至30%,持水力降低25%,剪切力值降低42%,硬度、胶着度、咀嚼性显著降低(P<0.05),弹性、粘聚性有所减低,牛皮嫩度有所提高。这说明经碱-酶联合脱毛处理,牛皮营养成分发生不同程度的变化,嫩度得到改善。 相似文献
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将黄牛沙发革清洁化鞣前工艺同常规大生产工艺进行了对比。通过碱皮组织切片、铬在皮中的分布、蓝革的扫描电镜图片和革坯的物理力学性能,说明采用清洁化鞣前工艺毛去除完全、胶原纤维分散充分、革坯有好的物理力学性能;通过对综合废水的分析显示:同大生产常规工艺相比,试验工艺处理1t生皮产生的排水量、化学耗氧量、总固量、总氮和氨氮负荷分别减少约50%、93%、30%、68%和54%。 相似文献
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介绍了美国皮革化学家协会第102届年会的情况,对会议交流论文进行了综述。论文涉及:原料皮的防腐保存和蓝革防霉、酶脱毛、无铬鞣法、胶原蛋白和制革废弃物的资源化利用、新型皮革染料等。 相似文献
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Saravanabhavan S Thanikaivelan P Rao JR Nair BU 《Environmental science & technology》2005,39(10):3776-3783
A conventional dehairing process with sodium sulfide and lime is a major source of the pollution from the tanning industry. In other words, conventional dehairing processes degrade the hair to the extent that it cannot be recovered; thus, these processes become a major contributor to wastewater pollution. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop a lime and sulfide-free dehairing process using a commercial enzyme formulation with the activation of a silicate salt. A dip and pile method of application has been standardized. The amount of enzyme and sodium metasilicate has also been optimized based on complete removal of hair. Enhancement of enzyme activity by the addition of silicate has been demonstrated through activity measurements. Hair removal is found to be complete using scanning electron microscope analysis. Strength and bulk properties of the experimental leathers are comparable to that of control leathers. The process enjoys a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solids (TS) by 53 and 26%, respectively. More importantly, the application of enzyme for dehairing results in an 8% area increase in the final leather. Also, the process is proven to be techno-economically feasible. 相似文献
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Saravanabhavan S Thanikaivelan P Rao JR Nair BU Ramasamit T 《Environmental science & technology》2008,42(5):1731-1739
Growing environmental regulations propound the need for a transformation in the current practice of leather making. The conventional dehairing and fiber opening process results in high negative impact on the environment because of its uncleanliness. This process accounts for most of the biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in tannery wastewater and generation of H2S gas. Hence, this study explores the use of a biological material and a nontoxic chemical for performing the above process more cleanly. In this study, the dehairing and fiber opening processes has been designed using enzyme and sodium metasilicate. The amount of sodium metasilicate required for fiber opening is standardized through the removal of proteoglycan, increase in weight, and bulk properties of leathers. It has been found that the extent of opening up of fiber bundles is comparable to that of conventionally processed leathers using a 2% sodium metasilicate solution. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic analysis and softness measurements. The presence of silica in the crust leather enhances the bulk properties of the leather. This has been confirmed from the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally processed leathers through physical and hand evaluation. The process also exhibits significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand and total solid loads by 55 and 24%, respectively. Further, this newly developed process seems to be economically beneficial. 相似文献