Report of the Treasurer: 1974.

This report looks at results from (a) operations for 1973 as well as (b) the financial condition of APA as of December 31, 1973; (c) probable results for 1974; (d) the approved budget for 1975; and (e) prospects for 1976. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Regression to the Mean: More than a Statistic.

This article looks at Galton's regression to the mean (R to M) from several traditionally unrelated but interwoven venues: (1) as a law of trait heredity; (2) as a statistical artifact infiltrating careless research designs; (3) as an illustration of cognitive bias. Hereditarians argue for the first of these, disputed by biogeneticists, who view R to M as a mere correlate of generational traits (e.g., IQ) decline. Research designers busy themselves with the second perspective, but to explain the concept, cavalierly adduce various organismic states that sum as "error variance" Research on subjective probability finds R to M in unexpected places. Across these contexts, the weight of argument falls on R to M's confounding rather than causal role in vexing data analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The lasting legacy of Sigmund Koch.

Introduces a collection of articles celebrating the work of Sigmund Koch. Although probably best known as the editor of the large, 6-volume study of psychology Psychology: A study of science, Koch also made critical and creative contributions in a variety of other areas. The articles presented in this journal focus on some of the most salient facets of Koch's work: (a) Koch as philosopher; (b) Koch as historian of psychology; (c) Koch as psychological theoretician; (d) Koch as humanist; and (e) Koch as "disciplined connoisseur" of the arts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anne Anastasi (1908–2001).

Memorializes Anne Anastasi, an enduring figure in the areas of psychological testing and differential psychology. Anastasi served as president of the American Psychological Association (APA) as well as president of APA Division 1 (General Psychology) and Division 5 (Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics). Other milestones of her career are detailed briefly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of confidence and motivation on susceptibility to informational social influence.

"The general hypothesis… was that the individual's acceptance of the judgments of others varies as function of: (a) the relative confidence he has in his own judgment; and (b) his motivational orientation toward the task with which he was confronted… . conformity (as measured through a modified Crutchfield apparatus) was found to: (a) increase as the subjective probability that S was receiving information from the others increased; and (b) decrease as the frequency of errors made by the 'majority' increased. Motivational effects induced by the instruction that the task reflected the individual's intelligence resulted in a decrease in… [errors]." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The university-wide department of psychology model.

A department of psychology can survive as a university-wide entity by (a) encouraging the teaching of psychology in as many different types of departments and colleges as possible, i.e., medicine, engineering, education, etc., (b) incorporating extradepartmental psychologists into the graduate program by giving them joint appointments; (c) teaching foundation courses effectively at the undergraduate level; and (d) administering the department as a college. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Separation of Eu(Ⅲ) with supported dispersion liquid membrane system containing D2EHPA as carrier and HNO_3 solution as stripping solution

The Eu(III) separation in supported dispersion liquid membrane (SDLM),with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) as the support and dispersion solution containing HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dis-solved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was studied.The effects of pH value,initial concentration of Eu(III) and different ionic strengths in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution,concentration of HNO3 solution,concentr...     

Separation and recovery of palladium(II) from base metal ions by melamine–formaldehyde–thiourea (MFT) chelating resin

Melamine–formaldehyde–thiourea (MFT) resin, a chelating resin, was synthesized by reaction with melamine, formaldehyde and thiourea in aqueous solution. This chelating resin was used in the separation and recovery of palladium(II) from copper(II) and zinc(II) base metal ions. Effect of initial acidity, adsorption capacities of the metal ions by batch method and adsorption, elution, separation factors and column adsorption capacity of the metal ions by column method were examined. The optimum initial acidity was determined as pH 4. Adsorption capacities of the MFT resin were found as 15.29 mg/g (0.144 mmol/g) for palladium(II), as 1.612 mg/g (0.025 mmol/g) for copper(II) and as 0.453 mg/g (0.007 mmol/g) for zinc(II). In addition the protonation capacity of the resin was found as 0.110 mmol H⁺/g. It was concluded that ionic interaction between protonated amines on the resin and chloro-palladate complex (PdCl₄^2?) was very effective as well as chelation. In the column studies, dynamic adsorption capacities were calculated as 1580 μg/g (14.85 μmol/g) for palladium(II), as 250 μg/g (3.93 μmol/g) for copper(II) and as 25 μg/g (0.38 μmol/g) for zinc(II). MFT resin showed higher affinity to palladium(II) ions according to copper(II) and zinc(II) ions. It was seen that palladium(II) can be separated from copper(II) and zinc(II) and concentrated by melamine–formaldehyde–thiourea chelating resin.     

Work teams: Applications and effectiveness.

This article uses an ecological approach to analyze factors in the effectiveness of work teams—small groups of interdependent individuals who share responsibility for outcomes for their organizations. Applications include advice and involvement, as in quality control circles and committees; production and service, as in assembly groups and sales teams; projects and development, as in engineering and research groups: and action and negotiation, as in sports teams and combat units. An analytic framework depicts team effectiveness as interdependent with organizational context, boundaries, and team development. Key context factors include (a) organizational culture, (b) technology and task design, (c) mission clarity, (d) autonomy, (e) rewards, (f) performance feedback, (g) training/consultation, and (h) physical environment. Team boundaries may mediate the impact of organizational context on team development. Current research leaves unanswered questions but suggests that effectiveness depends on organizational context and boundaries as much as on internal processes. Issues are raised for research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological communication: A radical proposal.

Proposes the formation of an information exchange group that is as large as all of psychology, but whose published material acts as "working paper" and not as part of the archives of psychology. Advantages of the working paper include (1) the revival of the scholarly review article, (2) the elimination of the problem of perceived bias in the review editor, (3) the discouragement of the "numbers game" as regards publications and the encouragement of the use of "citation indices," and (4) the reduction of "splinter tendency" within the American Psychological Association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pharmacological Study on Antitumor Activity of 5-Fluorouracil-1-Acetic Acid and Its Rare Earth Complexes

5Ｆｌｕｏｒｏｕｒａｃｉｌ(5ＦＵ)ｉｓａｎａｎｔｉｔｕｍｏｒｄｒｕｇｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｃｌｉｎｉｃ.Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ5ＦＵｉｓｈａｒｍｆｕｌｔｏｋｉｄｎｅｙａｎｄｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ.Ｔｈｕｓｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎａｎｔｉｔｕｍｏｒａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆ5ＦＵｄｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅｓａｒｅｖｅｒｙａｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｈｉｇｈｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅａｎｄｌｏｗｔｏｘｉｃａｎｔｉｔ…     

A case pf spontaneous deletion in the FMR1 gene in a patient with the Martin-Bell syndrome]

Current models of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis suggest an important role for Cr(IV) as an intermediate, toxic, carcinogenic species, but direct chemical evidence has been lacking. This is because Cr(IV) is a highly reactive oxidation state of Cr and few Cr(IV)-based compounds are known that can be used as a model compound containing a biological ligand. This study reports the isolation of such a stable Cr(IV) complex. The Cr(IV)-GSH complex has been synthesized through the reaction of Cr(VI) with GSH. Its electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum exhibits g = 1.9629 and a peak-to-peak line width of 480 G in aqueous medium as well as in the powder form. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that the compound has a magnetic moment of 2.53 Bohr magneton per Cr, establishing that the Cr ion has two unpaired electrons, hence its identity as Cr(IV). The Cr(IV)-GSH complex is able to generate hydroxyl (.OH) radical in the presence of molecular oxygen in aqueous medium. Catalase inhibited the .OH radical generation while H2O2 enhanced it, indicating that the .OH radical was generated via a Fenton-like reaction, H2O2 being generated as an intermediate in the reduction of molecular oxygen. Metal ion chelators, deferoxamine and 1,10-phenanthroline, attenuated the generation of Cr(IV)-mediated .OH radical. In the case of deferoxamine, a deferoxamine-derived free radical was generated as shown by EPR measurements. The results imply that Cr(IV) may play an important role in the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis and Cr(IV)-GSH can be used as a model compound to study the role of Cr(IV) in this mechanism.     

Age-Related Preservation of Top-Down Attentional Guidance During Visual Search.

Younger (19-27 years of age) and older (60-82 years of age) adults performed a letter search task in which a color singleton was either noninformative (baseline condition) or highly informative (guided condition) regarding target location. In the guided condition, both age groups exhibited a substantial decrease in response time (RT) to singleton targets, relative to the baseline condition, as well as an increase in RT to nonsingleton targets. The authors conclude that under conditions that equate the physical structure of individual displays, top-down attentional guidance can be at least as effective for older adults as for younger adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Symptom formation: An integrative self psychological perspective.

Proposes self psychology as a relational model of psychopathology that can be incorporated into a biopsychosocial paradigm of symptom formation for Axis I disorders. Four specific pathways to symptom formation are outlined: (1) a self-state of impending fragmentation that is warded off through involvement with a substance or activity, as in addictive disorders; (2) a state of fragmentation without a behavioral means of self-restitution other than avoidance, as in anxiety disorders; (3) the use of a symptom as a compromise formation among conflicting impulses as a result of psychological trauma, as in dissociative and somatoform disorders; and (4) an internalized conflict between maintaining needed relationships and pursuing self-differentiation, resulting in symptoms such as depressive states and work inhibitions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Report of the Treasurer.

The author presents her report as Treasurer and as Chairman of the ad hoc Committee on APA Headquarters. The report concerns four topics: (1) general operations of APA, (2) the new headquarters project, (3) APA's cash position, and (4) the new dues structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obsessionality and creativity.

Studied creativity in 15 obsessives, 16 phobics, and 39 nonpsychiatric (as measured by the Leyton Obsessional Inventory) university students. Ss were tested on Wallach-Kogan Tests of Creativity (WKTC) and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Data indicate that creativity as measured by WKTC and TTCT does not vary as a function of obsessionality as measured by psychiatric diagnosis of psychological tests. It is suggested that cognitive studies of obsessionality may be often confounded by IQ or anxiety differences or their correlations with dependent measures. (French abstract) (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Alone but feeling no pain: Effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathy.

Prior findings of emotional numbness (rather than distress) among socially excluded persons led the authors to investigate whether exclusion causes a far-reaching insensitivity to both physical and emotional pain. Experiments 1-4 showed that receiving an ostensibly diagnostic forecast of a lonesome future life reduced sensitivity to physical pain, as indicated by both (higher) thresholds and tolerance. Exclusion also caused emotional insensitivity, as indicated by reductions in affective forecasting of joy or woe over a future football outcome (Experiment 3), as well as lesser empathizing with another person's suffering from either romantic breakup (Experiment 4) or a broken leg (Experiment 5). The insensitivities to pain and emotion were highly intercorrelated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

N503为载体的乳状液膜提取钯（Ⅱ）的研究

研究了以N，N－二（1－甲庚基）乙酰胺（N503）为流动载体、兰113A为表面活性剂、煤油为膜溶剂，EDTA做内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移钯的机理，其迁移钯的反应经紫外可见光谱证实为阴离子交换反应，在所筛选出的适宜制乳及迁移提取等最佳条件下，98％以上的钯迁入内相。     

New members and associates of the American Psychological Association.

1362 persons (590 as Members and 772 as Associates) elected to membership in the American Psychological Association as of January 1, 1963, are listed by name. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)