基于粒子群优化的二阶拉曼光纤放大器研究

为了进一步提升二阶拉曼光纤放大器(RFA)的性能指标,对二阶RFA的主要参数进行了分析。首先设计了一个可以通过光开关控制,在二阶和一阶RFA两种模式下切换的结构模型,通过模拟仿真证明了二阶RFA可以提高系统的增益,改善系统的噪声性能,然后针对二阶RFA的增益性能进行了优化,以降低平坦度为优化目标,使用粒子群算法优化泵浦光波长和功率的配置,再经过结构的改进,最终在100 nm带宽范围内实现了增益为24.50 dB,增益平坦度为0.98 dB的二阶RFA。这些结果为以后设计出性能更加完善的二阶RFA提供了参考。     

Multisection optical parametric–Raman hybrid amplifier for terabit+ WDM systems

We demonstrate flat-gain wide bandwidth Raman-Fiber optical parametric hybrid amplifier for wavelength division multiplexed systems (WDM). Raman-parametric amplifiers exploit system non-linearities which are otherwise inevitable in evolving WDM systems. Investigations show that the pumps of parametric amplifier and Raman amplifier can be carefully selected at wavelengths, to give gain over complementary bandwidth regions, resulting in wide bandwidth with low gain ripple. Results show a flat gain of 24.3 dB for 12 × 100 Gbps WDM system with lowest ripple of less than 2.78 dB reported over 220 nm bandwidth for Raman-FOPA hybrid.     

Slow light generation in single-mode tellurite fibers

Theoretical investigations of stimulated brillouin scattering-based tunable slow light in (i) Er-doped tellurite and (ii) undoped tellurite fibers are reported. Maximum allowable pump power for undistorted output pulse, Brillouin gain, time-delay, figure-of-merit, and time-delay slop efficiency of both the fibers has been obtained. We have found that (i) Brillouin gain up to ~91 dB and time delay of 140 ns can be achieved using 1100 mW pump power in 2 m Er-doped fiber and (ii) Brillouin gain up to ~86 dB and time delay of ~227 ns using 23 mW pump power in 100 m undoped tellurite fiber can be achieved. Simulated results indicate that the time delay in fibers can be tuned with the pump power to obtain tunable slow light features in these fibers. We feel that detailed theoretical investigations and simulations carried out in the study have potential impact in the design and development of slow light-based photonic devices.     

水环真空泵内部流场分布数值模拟及其参数优化

现有的水环真空泵工作效率低且无法直观准确的描述内部流场流动规律,大大限制了新型水环真空泵的研发与应用,为解决以上问题,本文基于FLUENT软件对水环真空泵进行流场仿真,探究泵内部气液相态、压力和速度矢量的分布规律;并将吸气量与厂家测试结果做对比,验证仿真结果的准确性;在此基础上分析径向间隙和叶片数对吸气量、轴功率和气体等温压缩效率的影响,确定径向间隙和叶片数的最佳参数组合,由数值模拟结果可知:最佳参数组合为径向间隙25 mm,叶片数17,此时水环真空泵吸气量提高了7%,并优化了泵的工作性能,为今后水环真空泵的设计提供了理论支持,提高了研发效率。     

Tm3+-doped fiber master oscillator power amplifier with broad tunability in pulse duration using an acousto-optic external modulator

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate a pulse-duration tunable Tm³⁺-doped pulsed all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) operating at a central wavelength of 1908 nm. By using acousto-optic(AO) external modulation, the amplified laser pulse shows a tuning range having pulse durations from 66.5 ns to 8.0 μs and a repetition rate of 100 kHz-2 MHz. The laser achieved a maximum average power of 28.1 W and a corresponding energy of 28.1 μJ at 1MHz with a 3 dB linewidth of 0.63 nm and a beam quality factor of M_x²=1.25 and M_y²=1.32. The ASE suppression ratio is 50 dB and the corresponding total amplifier gain is 27.5 dB. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest average output power and slope efficiency (～51.0%) achieved using AO external modulation in a Tm³⁺-doped pulsed fiber amplifier.     

A combination of tapered fibre and polarization controller in generating highly stable and tunable dual-wavelength C-band laser

This paper demonstrates the use of a tapered fibre in generating a highly stable and tunable dual-wavelength fibre laser. By unique arrangement of polarization controller, adjustable spacing range between 0.94 and 3.32 nm and side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) up to 50 dB were recorded. The results were achieved at laser pump power of 94.7 mW. The inter-modal interference is achieved through the use of a non-adiabatic tapered fibre, made by a systematic flame brushing technique. The tapered fibre suppresses the mode competition in the 3-m erbium-doped fibre (EDF) gain medium. Over 60 min, the laser exhibited very high stability with acceptable peak power and SMSR. The proposed EDF laser operates from 1556.71 to 1562.13 nm range.     

Dual-wavelength self-Q-switched Nd:GYSGG laser

A dual-wavelength self-Q-switched operation of Nd:GYSGG laser with different output couplers is proposed and demonstrated. In self-Q-switched operation, two laser lines between 1056.86 nm and 1060.23 nm were found. Under the pump power of 4 W, the shortest pulse width of 2.02 μs was obtained with a maximum average output power of 565 mW and the optical conversion efficiency of 14.13%. The pulse repetition rate and single pulse energy were 50.2 kHz and 11.25 μJ, respectively. The system is very stable and suitable for generation of multi-wavelength pulses.     

A generation of 2 μm Q-switched thulium-doped fibre laser based on anatase titanium(IV) oxide film saturable absorber

We demonstrate a Q-switched thulium-doped fibre laser operating at approximately 1935 nm wavelength using anatase titanium(IV) oxide (TiO₂) embedded in polyvinyl alcohol as the passive newly saturable absorber (SA). The film has absorption loss of 3.5 dB and modulation depth of 33%. It is sandwiched between two fibre ferrules in a ring laser cavity to produce self-started pulse train with a repetition rate that is tuned from 30.12 to 36.96 kHz as the 1552-nm pump power is increased from 289 to 485 mW. At maximum pump power, the laser produced a Q-switching pulse train with pulse duration, output power, pulse energy and peak power of 1.91 μs, 11 mW, 0.3 μJ and 146 mW, respectively. These results show that the TiO₂ is a new potential SA material for pulsed laser applications.     

高功率微波器件均衡网络的设计、应用与理论分析

针对高功率微波器件工作频带内增益波纹大的问题，结合不同用户的需求和具体器件，设计制作了多个吸收型同轴谐振腔在同轴传输线上多级级联型的均衡网络，并作出谐振腔内电磁场的理论分析。最佳均衡效果为对一高功率行波管在Ku波段300MHz带宽内，将12dB的增益波纹均衡至0.35dB。     

Frequency switching multiwavelength Brillouin Raman fibre laser based on feedback power adjustment technique

A simple switchable multiwavelength Brillouin–Raman fibre laser (BRFL) was demonstrated. The laser was arranged in a half-open cavity configuration including a physical mirror device with an adjustable reflectivity at one side of the laser cavity. The impact of the feedback power adjustment on frequency switching was carried out by comparing the peak power difference between odd- and even-order Stokes lines. Up to 468 flat-amplitude lines with a 10?GHz frequency spacing and average optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of 33 dB were observed with mirror reflectivity values of ～15% up to 60% at a 1534?nm Brillouin pump power of 7?dBm and 0.9?W Raman pump power of 0.9?W. – Under the same pumping conditions, setting the mirror reflectivity at its OFF state (where reflectivity is nearly 0%) allows for up to 242 lines with 20?GHz spacing to be realized, with ONSR values of ～35?dB.     

Novel optimization method of single square FSS impinged and cascaded radar absorbing composites

It is well known that radar absorbing potentiality of existing magneto-dielectric composites can be significantly enhanced by the application of frequency selective surface (FSS) and cascaded electromagnetic (EM) structures. But the optimization of such complex EM structures and validation of the adopted optimization strategy is still a very challenging task for the researchers. Therefore, in this study, an effective effort has been made for the optimization and the corresponding validation for Single Square FSS (SS-FSS) impinged and cascaded radar wave absorbers using advanced computational EM software’s like FEldberechnung fur Korper mit beliebiger Oberflache – a German acronym (FEKO) and high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). In addition, a critical analysis of dielectric constant (ε′) has been carried out to select the best combination of composites for the development of efficient radar wave absorbers. A comparison between optimized and simulated results have been carried out to examine the effect of advanced EM approaches over reflection loss (RL) characteristics of composite radar absorbing materials (CRAMs). A rapid change in radar absorption properties of composites has been observed after the application of SSFSS and cascading. A SS-FSS impinged composite has been found to provide a wide absorption bandwidth of 3.6 GHz at X-band. A cascaded absorber having layer thickness 1.8 mm provides a peak RL of ?42.6 dB at 10.6 GHz with an absorption bandwidth of 2.5 GHz. The strong agreement between mathematical model, HFSS and FEKO results clearly reflects the efficiency of adopted approach for distinct practical EM applications.     

Slow light generation using SBS in a liquid-core photonic crystal fiber

Based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the slow light effect in photonic crystal fibre (PCF), which is filled with highly nonlinear liquid-carbon disuphide in the core region, is investigated. Maximum allowable pump power for undistorted output pulse, minimum value of pump power required to initiate the SBS effect, Brillouin gain and time-tonic delay experienced by the pulse in the designed liquid-core photonic crystal fibre, are all calculated numerically. We have found that the maximum time-delay up to ～134.4 ns at 1.064 μm can be obtained using 1 m long liquid-core PCF pumped with only 65.8 mW, which is lower than the value reported in the literature for achieving such a high delay time. The results indicate that liquid-core PCF is capable of generating tunable time-delay that is adjusted by the pump power and structural parameters of the proposed liquid-core PCF.     

大反射负载牵引测量系统校准参数优化选取及应用

相对于传统负载牵引测量系统,大反射负载牵引测量系统可以对微波功率放大器件的负载阻抗端实现更大的调配范围,成为目前比较流行的测量方案.对大反射负载牵引测量系统的验证,一般选择转换功率增益作为负载牵引测量系统优化验证参数.通过对比功率增益和转换功率增益的理论值和测量值的偏差,认为在大反射条件下,功率增益对系统校准后的剩余误...     

电流自适应控制抑制开关磁阻电机转矩脉动

开关磁阻电机(SRM)的强非线性源自其双凸极结构、磁路非线性和脉冲供电方式。传统控制多采用SRM线性转矩模型求得参考电流,导致其运行时转矩脉动大。提出基于转矩偏差的双权值神经网络(DWNN)自适应PID控制与基于有限差分扩展卡尔曼滤波(FDEKF)预测电流的前馈补偿控制相结合的SRM控制策略。(1)加入偏差预处理,对转矩偏差进行非线性处理,实现"小误差,大增益,大误差,小增益"的控制,以此为基础进行双权值神经网络自适应PID的电流控制;(2)采用预测电流,构成参考电流的前馈补偿控制,提高控制系统一步预测能力。基于有限差分扩展卡尔曼滤波预测电流,将其与参考电流之差实时补偿参考电流,优化得到恒转矩下有效的控制电流,间接实现总转矩的有效控制。仿真结果证明所提控制策略能有效抑制SRM的转矩脉动。     

集中空调水系统节能优化策略及仿真研究

公共建筑集中空调水系统能耗占建筑总能耗比例较高,各设备的合理启停及控制参数的优化设置在系统节能中起到了关键作用.本文在满足末端冷负荷的前提下,以系统总能耗最小为目标,提出了冷水机组、水泵启停优化策略及控制参数全局优化方法.以冷冻水供水温度、冷却水流量作为独立优化控制参数建立集中空调水系统能耗模型.以某建筑为例,利用De...     

Gain characteristics of LaF3:Er, Yb nanoparticle-doped waveguide amplifier

Fundamental rate equations and power propagation equations were used to simulate the gain factors of LaF3:Er, Yb nanoparticle-doped waveguide amplifiers excited at 980 nm. The gain first increased and then remained nearly constant with pump power increasing. The gain and the threshold pump power increased with increasing concentration of Er3+. The calculated gain of the concentration 0.75 x 10(26) ions/m3 on a 4 cm long waveguide was 3.6 dB. An optimum waveguide length was found for the highest gain and it was getting larger with the increase of the pump power. When the lifetime decreases from the Judd-Ofelt calculated value of 13.34 ms to the measured value of 60 micros, the required pump power of a 0.5 dB gain increased one level. We obtained a longer 4I(13/2) lifetime (100 micros) through decreasing the proportions of Er3+ and Yb3+ in nanoparticles and found that the threshold pump power decreased more at the expenses of saturated gain.     

Multilevel spatial modulation

In this paper, a new Multilevel Spatial Modulation technique is proposed. It combines computationally efficient multilevel oding and spatial modulation based on trellis codes to increase coding gain, diversity gain, and bandwidth efficiency. The trellis complexity of the single-stage system increases exponentially, whereas in the proposed multilevel system the complexity increases linearly. The proposed system is analyzed with optimal Viterbi and suboptimal sequential decoding algorithms. The results show that sequential decoding saves 75% of the computational power with a loss of 2 dB SNR approximately, when compared with optimal Viterbi decoding, over both fast- and slow-fading channel conditions. Since the antenna index is used as a source of information in spatial modulation, the number of antennae required increases with the throughput and packing a large number of antennas make cross-correlation unavoidable. In this paper, a low complexity modified decoding technique is also proposed for the multilevel spatial modulation system, in which the correlated received signals are equally combined and decoded by the multistage decoder using the Viterbi algorithm. This technique exploits the receiver antenna correlation and makes the decoding complexity independent of number of antennas. The simulation results indicate that the proposed low complexity algorithm gives approximately 8–10 dB gain when compared with optimal Viterbi decoder with equivalent computational complexity when the eight highly correlated signals are equally combined. This may be a suitable solution for mobile handsets where size and computational complexity are the major issues.     

A Comparative Study on the Performance Characteristics of Centrifugal and Progressive Cavity Slurry Pumps with High Concentration Fly Ash Slurries

Slurry pumps are extensively used in the hydraulic transportation of fly ash slurries through pipes in thermal power plants. Today, a wide range of slurry pumps are available and the most commonly used pumps are broadly classified into two main categories, namely, positive displacement and centrifugal pumps. These two types of pumps differ considerably in construction as well as in operating principle compared to the conventional pumps. The aim of the present study is to compare the performance characteristics of these two different types of pumps operating with high concentration fly ash slurries. For each type, the performance characteristics have been experimentally evaluated at the rated speed with water as well as with fly ash slurries in the concentration range of 50 to 70% by weight. The pump total head, overall efficiency, and pump input power as a function of the flow rate have been measured. The results obtained from the centrifugal slurry pump performance show that at rated speed, the head and efficiency of the pump decrease with an increase in solid concentration and the effect is strongly dependent on slurry properties. The pump input power also increases monotonically with an increase in solid concentration. In the case of progressive cavity screw pump, pump performance characteristics and behavior were completely different compared to the centrifugal slurry pump. At rated speed, the head developed and the efficiency of the pump improved with an increase in solid concentration for progressive cavity screw pump.     

Weitbereich-Turbomolekularpumpen und Membranvorvakuumpumpen als trockene HV- und UHV-Pumpsysteme

The development of new turbomolecular pumps with increased critical backing pressures up to 30 mbar made it possible to use oilfree diaphragm pumps as backing pumps. The combination of a wide-range turbomolecular pump with a diaphragm pump represents an inexpensive, compact and technical dry vacuum pumping system for high and ultrahigh vacuum applications. The interaction of wide-range turbomolecular pumps with diaphragm pumps is discussed in terms of gas throughput, compression ratio, ultimate pressure and power consumption of the turbomolecular pump and selection criteria for the diaphragm backing pump are shown.     

Abpumpverhalten von Roots‐ und Schraubenvakuumpumpen

Pump down characteristic of Roots pump combinations Combinations of roots pumps and screw type vacuum pumps are often used in industrial vacuum applications because of their high pumping capacity, their compact dimensions and their good energy efficiency. In load lock applications, the type of load control has a high influence on the evacuation time as well as on the energy efficiency of the pump combination. The operation limits of roots pumps are discussed and means to prevent an overload of the pump are introduced.