Influence of the geometry of a gammadion stereo-structure chiral metamaterial on optical properties

In this paper, a gammadion stereo-structure (GSS) chiral metamaterial (CMM) is described and numerically analysed at optical frequencies. The influence of the geometry of the proposed CMM on the optical properties was studied systematically. The numerical simulations exhibit that the giant circular dichroism (CD) effect, optical activity and negative refraction can be obtained by properly selecting the geometric parameters, respectively. Given the pronounced optical effects and the negative refraction property of stereo-structure CMM, many applications in ultra-compact polarization components, integrated photonics, plasmonic-enhanced sensing of biochemical substances and CD spectroscopic analysis can be envisioned easily.     

Optical chiral metamaterial based on the resonant behaviour of nanodiscs

Circular dichorism and optical activity have been achieved by chiral metamaterials in the optical spectrum, but for the case of negative index of refraction, remarkable achievements have not been obtained in this region so far. We employ nanoparticles to shift the resonant frequency of a chiral metamaterial based on twisted cross wires to optical domain. Our proposed structure provides giant optical activity, strong circular dichorism and also negative refractive index in the optical wavelengths. Optical activity in our structure has a rotary power similar to a gyrotropic crystal of quartz, but in a thickness which is four orders of magnitude smaller. The foundation of our method for realizing such an optical chiral metamaterial is based on creating a different coupling between longitudinal modes of localized surface plasmons for right and left circularly polarized incident waves.     

Directive gain from an axially slotted dielectric clad cylinder embedded in a metamaterial

The gain properties of an axially slotted cylinder coated with a lossless dielectric layer and embedded in a lossless metamaterial have been studied analytically. It is studied that the gain pattern of this cylinder when embedded in Epsilon near-zero or double-near-zero metamaterial loses its directional characteristics as compared with the same cylinder embedded in the free space. It is also found that the dielectric coated slotted cylinder embedded in a single-negative metamaterial has a directive gain pattern as compared with the gain pattern of dielectric coated slotted cylinder when embedded in the free space background.     

Scattering characteristics of a chiral-coated cylindrical reflector embedded in a double-negative metamaterial

The scattering characteristics of a cylindrical reflector coated with a chiral material and embedded in a double-negative metamaterial have been studied using numerical simulation. The effects of double-negative metamaterial background media and chiral admittances of a chiral coating layer upon the co- and cross-polarized echo widths have been investigated. It is shown that a double-negative metamaterial background with relatively larger negative values of the permittivity and the permeability enhances the co-polarized echo width in the forward scattering direction and reduces this echo width in the backward scattering direction as compared to the free space background. It is further shown that by increasing the chiral admittance of a chiral-coated cylindrical reflector embedded in a double-negative metamaterial with fixed background parameters increases the co-polarized echo width in the forward and the backward scattering directions as compared to an achiral-coated cylindrical reflector embedded in the same double-negative metamaterial background.     

附加整流装置的圆柱体涡激振动数值研究

对附加不同整流装置的圆柱体横向单自由度涡激振动特性进行了系统研究。重点分析了约化速度3.0≤U_r≤12.0范围内,附加不同整流装置的圆柱振动幅值,受力系数,振动频率和泻涡模式。研究结果表明:附加不同整流装置的圆柱体其水动力特性较附加整流装置的静止圆柱体复杂很多,采用附加整流装置的静止圆柱体绕流结果评价整流装置性能好坏欠妥。     

突风作用下圆柱结构气动特性的试验研究

突风(平均风速随时间快速变化)作用在结构或构件上时,结构的气动力和振动状态与平稳风作用下的结果有何不同,是值得研究的问题。在风洞实验室,利用电压控制的方法,实现了具有一定风速加速度的突升和突降的风速变化过程,测试了圆柱结构在突变风速平稳风速作用下的气动力和振动状态,试验结果表明：当突升风速作用在模型上时,采用瞬时风速和气动力算得的力系数和在平稳风速下的结果一致;当突降风速作用在模型上时,采用瞬时风速和气动力算得的力系数虽然在大小上和在平稳风速下的结果一致,但是其对应的临界雷诺数范围比平稳风速对应的临界雷诺数范围,整体向小的方向上偏移了一定的量值。当不涉及到临界雷诺数时,本文的突变风速不会激发模型的大幅振动;当风速升至或降至临界雷诺数区域时,模型将发生稳定的大幅振动;当风速经过临界雷诺数时,在临界雷诺数对应的风速下发生大幅振动,随着风速的升高或降低使得对应的雷诺数离开临界区域时,振动逐渐消失     

Near zone scattering and extinction properties of a left handed material cylinder buried in a semi infinite medium with rough interface

A solution utilizing the spectral plane wave representation of fields (SPRF) combined with the extended boundary condition method (EBCM) is presented to study the scattering and extinction properties of a left handed material cylinder buried in a semi infinite medium with a rough interface. The EBCM is used to evaluate the field transmitted through the interface, which excites the cylinder. The SPRF is used to study the interaction of scattered field from the cylinder with the rough interface. The effect of the negative permittivity and permeability of the cylinder on the far zone scattered field is observed. Further, the near zone scattered field is investigated, which is very helpful to characterize the scenario in which object detection is a challenging task. It is also observed that the electrical size is an important factor affecting the near zone scattered field since the extinction cross section depends upon size.     

Wave scattering by a circular cylinder half-immersed in water with an ice-cover

The problem of scattering of water waves obliquely incident on a fixed long circular cylinder half-immersed in deep water with an ice-cover is investigated here. The ice-cover is modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness. The problem is formulated using the method of multipoles. This leads to an infinite system of linear equations which are solved numerically by truncation. The reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained and depicted graphically against the wave number for various values of the angle of incidence and flexural rigidity of the ice-cover to show the effect of the presence of ice-cover on these quantities. The effect of ice-cover is seen to increase the reflection coefficient and to decrease the transmission coefficient.     

Scattering of Beltrami fields by an orthorhombic dielectric-magnetic sphere immersed in a chiral medium

The T matrix method can be formulated to study Beltrami planewave scattering by a sphere composed of an orthorhombic dielectric magnetic material immersed in a chiral medium. Whereas an orthorhombic dielectric-magnetic material whose permeability dyadic is a scalar multiple of its permittivity dyadic is pathologically unirefringent and anisotropic. A chiral medium characterized by either a left-handedness or a right-handedness in its microstructure is birefringent and not anisotropic. The backscattering efficiency has an undulating behaviour with increase in electrical size and is highly affected by constitutive anisotropy of the sphere. Multiple lobes appear in theplots of the differential scattering efficiency when the incident ?eld is left-circularly polarized wave. Peaks of curves of the backscattering effciency appear at lower frequencies for an incident left-circularly polarized wave and at higher frequencies for a right-circularly polarized wave incidence, if the sphere is impedance-matched to the ambient chiral medium.     

波浪形圆柱的气动力特性试验研究

斜拉索的风荷载和风致振动问题突出,探索能够减阻抑振的新型斜拉索意义重大.研究表明,波浪形圆柱在Re=103～ 104有减阻抑振效果,而真实斜拉索的雷诺数通常在105量级,有必要研究波浪形圆柱在高雷诺数下的气动性能.以特定几何参数的波浪形圆柱为研究对象,通过风洞试验方法,研究了波浪形圆柱在Re=1.4×105～4.0×1...     

Determination of the structural properties of a columnar hexagonal liquid crystal by light scattering

In this study we examine a new computer model of light scattering. Light propagation through a columnar hexagonal liquid crystal has been represented by using a cylindrical model. Numerical aspects of the light scattering process, which are based on numerically solving Maxwell's equations, have been calculated for a liquid crystal. We describe in detail the circular cylindrical model for computing light scattering from a columnar hexagonal liquid crystal and present the results of benchmark computations. We report results of extensive calculation for oriented columnar molecular systems. Our results are compared with previous studies on light scattering by other materials.     

展向剪切流作用下斜置圆柱气动特性研究

采用大涡模拟方法,研究斜置圆柱在展向剪切流作用下的气动性能。研究了不同剪切流强度对斜置圆柱的表面风压、Strouhal数、气动力时程及其功率谱、气动力展向相关性等气动性能的影响,并探讨了剪切流对斜圆柱气动性能的作用机理。结果表明:在均匀流作用下,斜置圆柱尾流区会产生强烈的轴向流,卡门涡脱强度大大减弱;展向剪切流对斜置圆柱的表面风压和气动力等气动性能有较大影响;展向剪切流会破坏轴向流在斜置圆柱尾流区的形成,并且当剪切流的剪切系数足够大时,可完全阻止轴向流的出现,从而减弱或消除了抑制卡门涡脱的因素,恢复了斜置圆柱的卡门涡脱强度。     

振动圆柱绕流气动力系数的数值模拟研究

给出了在锁定状态下不同振动条件时气动力系数变化的计算结果及其机理分析。首先给出固定圆柱绕流气动力系数的数值模拟结果；其次，在特定的频率比条件下，计算了升力系数均方根值和平均阻力系数随振幅的变化，并从圆柱的底部压力系数和漩涡生成长度两方面对这种变化进行了机理分析。     

有限长圆柱绕流气动噪声源特性分析

气动噪声源的能级、分布特性及其产生根源还不够清晰。以有限长三维圆柱绕流为研究对象,基于声源方程分析气动噪声源的种类构成及其与气动参数的关系,通过数值计算得到可压非定常流场,利用气动参数定量计算圆柱顶部、中部和底部的声源大小分布,研究声源的分布特性和产生根源。结果表明,在有限长圆柱绕流场中,以偶极子声源为主,单极子声源可以忽略不计,四极子源项的值比偶极子小1～2个数量级。偶极子主要分布在来流分离点及圆柱后壁面湍流涡二次碰撞区域,四极子主要分布在来流分离点及其向后拖曳区域。偶极子声源主要由于圆柱两侧涡脱落处的脉动压力在横向(y方向)上的二阶梯度引起。以上结果为气动噪声控制的进一步研究提供了借鉴和参考。     

圆柱绕流的流场特性及涡脱落规律研究

采用粒子图像测速技术对630、800及950三种雷诺数条件下的圆柱绕流场进行了实验,给出了圆柱下游沿流动方向4倍圆柱直径和垂直方向3倍圆柱直径区域内的速度场、涡量场以及涡脱落现象的时空演化规律.结果表明:圆柱尾流区域位于垂直方向约1.5~2.5倍圆柱直径范围内,随着雷诺数增大,这一范围呈现缩小趋势,而主流对涡的拉伸和输运能力有所增强;涡脱落频率随雷诺数增大而增大,小雷诺数时能够较为完整地捕捉到涡生成、脱落、发展和耗散过程,由于PIV采集频率的限制,大雷诺数条件下涡脱落整个过程不易被完整捕捉到.     

Influence of gravity on propagation of waves in a medium in presence of a compressional source

The present paper is concerned with two-dimensional wave propagation in a homogeneous isotropic elastic solid medium underlying a liquid layer, under the influence of a gravitational field, when a compressional wave source is present in the liquid. In the absence of gravity the result is in good agreement with the corresponding result of the classical problem. The authors take this opportunity to express their gratitude to the reviewer for his/her valuable comments and suggestions for improving this paper.     

Vortex motion in the early stages of unsteady flow around a circular cylinder

In this paper, processes in the early stages of vortex motion and the development of flow structure behind an impulsively-started circular cylinder at high Reynolds number are investigated by combining the discrete vortex model with boundary layer theory, considering the separation of incoming flow boundary layer and rear shear layer in the recirculating flow region. The development of flow structure and vortex motion, particularly the formation and development of secondary vortex and a pair of secondary vortices and their effect on the flow field are calculated. The results clearly show that the flow structure and vortices motion went through a series of complicated processes before the symmetric main vortices change into asymmetric: development of main vortices induces secondary vortices; growth of the secondary vortices causes the main vortex sheets to break off and causes the symmetric main vortices to become “free” vortices, while a pair of secondary vortices is formed; then the vortex sheets, after breaking off, gradually extend downstream and the structure of a pair of secondary vortices becomes relaxed. These features of vortex motion look very much like the observed features in some available flow field visualizations. The action of the secondary vortices causes the main vortex sheets to break off and converts the main vortices into free vortices. This should be the immediate cause leading to the instability of the motion of the symmetric main vortices. The flow field structure such as the separation position of boundary layer and rear shear layer, the unsteady pressure distributions and the drag coefficient are calculated. Comparison with other results or experiments is also made. This work was presented at the First Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics, Bangalore in December 1980.     

直径30cm圆柱的气动力参数和绕流特性研究

为研究光滑圆柱的气动力系数和绕流特性,在均匀流中进行不同风速下的测压风洞试验,试验获得了阻力系数、升力系数、表面风压分布、风压相关性系数、斯托罗哈数等随雷诺数的变化特征,并将试验结果与以往结果进行比较。研究表明:升力系数的脉动值大于阻力系数的脉动值,说明涡脱造成的横风向激励比顺风向紊流激励剧烈;雷诺数位于临界区域时,圆柱表面风压分布呈现出对称-不对称-对称的变化过程,反映了由层流分离转化为湍流分离的全过程;在雷诺数为352000时呈现一侧为层流分离、另一侧为湍流分离的临界流态,风压呈现出左右不对称的单边泡形式;获得层流分离和湍流分离时的表面风压相关性分布特征,层流分离时圆柱同一侧的风压测点均呈较强的正相关,而湍流分离时在分离点前的区域相关性较强,分离点之后的区域相关性较弱;层流分离的升力系数谱有显著的峰值,表明尾流是规则的漩涡脱落,而湍流分离的升力系数谱没有明显峰值,表明尾流是随机的漩涡脱落。     

Thermoelastic analysis of a layered slab subjected to a moving line heat source

Abstract

This paper reports a theoretical study of the transient thermal stress distributions of a layered slab which is composed of two different materials. The layered slab is heated by a moving line heat source on its upper surface and cooled convectively on the lower surface. In order to solve the initial and boundary value problem, a general hybrid Laplace transform/finite element method is utilized. Finally, a numerical procedure, the Fourier series technique, is used to obtain the inversion of the Laplace transform. The effect of the number of mesh elements in the X‐direction is also investigated to verify the accuracy and convergence of the finite element method. In addition, a typical result is compared with the analytic solution. The numerical results of the transient temperature and thermal stress distribution of the layered slab are presented to demonstrate the effect of the physical properties.     

高Re数圆柱绕流二维数值模拟的适用性分析

采用雷诺时均N-S方程(RANS)和SST 湍流模型,对外径0.12m的圆柱开展了二维数值模拟,计算的Re数范围为1.2×105 ~ 3.7×105。为保证计算结果的合理性,采用了一种新的计算域外形和网格分区,保证了在圆柱周围和尾迹的大范围内形成高质量的正交四边形单元。基于获得的不同网格尺度和时间步大小的圆柱气动力系数时程、平均值和均方根值,以及漩涡脱落的Strouhal (St)数,开展了网格尺度和时间步长无关性检查,确定了合理的数值模拟参数。然后计算了不同Re数下圆柱的阻力系数平均值和St数。通过与相关文献的研究结果对比,本文认为采用二维RANS模型难以合理预测圆柱的气动力和涡脱特性。