OAM光通信技术研究进展

涡旋光束携带的轨道角动量(OAM)为光波的空间域提供了新的维度资源,吸引了越来越多研究人员的关注。由于具有不同OAM模式值的涡旋光束相互正交,因此将OAM模式引入传统光通信领域,衍生出两种新的应用机制--OAM键控(OAM-SK)与OAM复用(OAM-DM),这为未来实现高速、大容量及高频谱效率的光通信技术提供了潜在的解决方案。本文将从OAM光束的类别和产生方法等基本概念理论出发,对这两种通信应用机制相关的典型研究案例做简要概述,并重点论述三种关键技术,包括OAM光束复用技术、OAM光束解调技术以及OAM光通信的大气湍流效应抑制技术。最后,对OAM光通信技术的未来发展趋势及其前景进行了分析与展望。     

Quantisation of the free electromagnetic field implies quantisation of its angular momentum

It is shown that when the gauge-invariant Bohr–Rosenfeld commutators of the free electromagnetic field are applied to the expressions for the linear and angular momentum of the electromagnetic field interpreted as operators then, in the absence of electric and magnetic charge densities, these operators satisfy the canonical commutation relations for momentum and angular momentum. This confirms their validity as operators that can be used in quantum mechanical calculations of angular momentum.     

涡旋光束轨道角动量在大气湍流传输下的特性分析

从拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束表达式出发,基于瑞利衍射理论,通过研究涡旋光束在大气湍流中传输时的旋转相干函数的变化规律,总结了涡旋光束在大气湍流中传输时各轨道角动量之间的串扰情况,使用了拓扑荷数探测概率描述串扰规律,并推导了拓扑荷数探测概率的解析表达式。研究了涡旋光束通过湍流后的拓扑荷数的分布情况,并将结果与涡旋光束通过大气随机相位屏的数值仿真结果进行了对比,给出了理论与仿真的拓扑荷数的探测概率随湍流强度以及初始涡旋光束拓扑荷数大小的关系图对比,验证了推导的拓扑荷数探测概率解析表达式的正确性。通过该表达式可进一步研究大气湍流与涡旋光束相互作用从而影响涡旋光束轨道角动量散射的本质,为涡旋光束的空间光通信中选择合适的拓扑荷数间隔,以及在不同湍流强度下选择合适束腰大小以减少串扰带来的误码率提供了理论依据。     

Nonparaxial propagation properties of an anomalous hollow beam with orbital angular momentum

The analytical nonparaxial propagation formula of an anomalous hollow beam (AHB) with orbital angular momentum (OAM) in free space is derived based on the generalized Raleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction integral. The nonparaxial properties of AHB with OAM such as intensity, phase and OAM density distributions are studied in detail, using the pertinent nonparaxial propagation formula. The comparison between the paraxial and nonparaxial results is also carried out. The results show that the nonparaxial properties of an AHB with OAM are determined by the initial beam parameters, such as beam waist size and topological charge and propagation distance.