A novel carbonate as a diesel fuel additive

A new oxygenate 2, 2^/-diethoxyethyl carbonate was synthesized through transesterification using dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether as raw materials and its chemical structure was identified through FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and GC-MS analyses. The oxygenate is miscible with individual hydrocarbons at normal temperature. When 2, 2^/-diethoxyethyl carbonate is added to diesel fuel, kinematic viscosity decreases slightly, smoke point increases linearly, flash point and solidifying point decline remarkably even at low content level of 5%(v), whereas they do not decrease further with the increase in its content level. When a diesel engine was fueled with a diesel fuel containing 25%(v) of the oxygenate, the smoke emissions were reduced up to 83.3%, the energy consumption was decreased by up to 15.5%, whereas the power output dropped noticeably at high speed.     

Smoke-suppressant additives for diesel fuel

Conclusions It has been established that the use of 0.05–0.5% by weight of ferrocene, 1,1-diethylferrocene, or iron (III) acetylacetonate as a fuel additive will reduce carbon emission by 50–60%.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 40–41, March, 1975.     

Multifunctional additive to diesel fuel

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, p. 6, March, 1989.     

环烷酸用作超低硫柴油燃料抗磨剂研究

采用高频往复试验机考察了环烷酸在超低硫柴油燃料中的摩擦学性能,利用EDS能谱对磨斑表面微观形貌及组成进行了扫描分析,并探讨了环烷酸的润滑机理。试验结果表明:环烷酸在超低硫燃料中的溶解性较好,能够有效改善超低硫柴油的润滑性能;当环烷酸添加量为100μg/g以上时,可满足车用柴油对润滑性的要求。EDS能谱结果表明,空白油样磨斑表面未发现O元素,而100μg/g环烷酸的磨斑表面中出现了O元素,其质量分数为6.56,原子百分数为10.39。     

柴油添加剂聚甲氧基二甲醚的合成研究现状

聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE_n)具有与柴油接近的物理化学性质,作为柴油添加剂可有效提高其润滑性能,同时减少柴油燃烧时空气污染物的生成。详细介绍了PODE_n的合成机理及合成热力学,从合成PODE_n的催化剂、原料、反应机理等方面出发,重点阐述了近几年国内外PODE_n的合成研究成果与现状,并在分析现状的基础上对PODE_n的合成及应用发展前景进行了展望。     

Development of environmentally friendly diesel fuel

The research related to the production of ecologically friendly diesel fuel by introducing a basic hydro treated fuel antiwear bioadditives prepared based on different raw materials. An analysis of existing anti-wear additives was carried out. The main characteristics of samples of environmentally friendly diesel fuel are determined. A reduction in the diameter of the fuel wear spot has been established, which means that a decrease in the wear of diesel engine parts has been achieved and the duration of its use has been increased. Studied the positive effects of the use of supplements to reduce the emission of exhaust gases into the atmosphere.     

A new alternating copolymerized derivative as a cold flow improver for diesel fuel

Synthesis of a cold flow improver （MAVA-a） for diesel fuel and its effect on solidifying point （SP） and cold filter plugging point （CFPP） of diesel fuels were investigated, The cold flow improver was prepared by using maleic anhydride （MA） and vinyl acetate （VA） as raw materials, toluene as solvent, dibenzoyl peroxide （BPO） as initiator, through alternating polymerization under nitrogen to obtain a binary-polymer and then through aminolysis by using a higher carbon amine as aminating agent at a temperature of 80 ℃. A cold flow improver was designed and prepared for No. 0 diesel fuel from Zhang Jia-Gang Petrochemical Company according to the contents of n-paraffin and its carbon number distribution in the No. 0 diesel fuel. It was also used together with two kinds of ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer improvers （EVA） separately. The test result showed that the CFPP of the No. 0 diesel fuel could be lowered by 3-5 ℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used. The CFPP was lowered by 8℃ when the improver MAVA-a was used together with EVA-2.     

Thermodynamics of moisture dissolution in diesel fuel

The thermodynamic aspects of the dissolution of water (moisture) in diesel fuels have been considered. For theoretical analysis, the basic features of moisture dissolution in individual liquid hydrocarbons and diesel fuel at different temperatures have been considered. The parametric equations proposed in this work made it possible to determine the heats and entropies of a solution of water in individual liquid hydrocarbons and diesel fuel. The values obtained for diesel fuel were about 40 kJ/mol and 92.08 J/(mol K), respectively, which correspond to the chemical composition of the test diesel sample. On the basis of the results of the study, a mechanism has been put forth for the interaction of water molecules with the molecules of individual hydrocarbons and diesel fuel.     

An antiwear additive for ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel

The influence of commercial antioxidant and antiwear additives on the characteristics of clean Euro 5 diesel has been analyzed, and a detrimental effect of some antiwear additives on the thermo-oxidative properties of diesel fuels has been revealed. An effective antiwear additive based on tall oil fatty acid diethanolamide, a pulp industry byproduct, has been developed, which allows both lubricating and thermo-oxidative properties of hydrotreated diesel fuels to be simultaneously controlled.