烟气轮机防护涂层的研究和应用

简介了烟气轮机涂层发展过程，从烟气轮机的工况出发，分析了对烟气轮机涡轮叶片防护涂层的要求，提出了涂层设计原则，并对可供烟机使用的Ｃ－１新型涂层的实验研究及其实际应用情况作了介绍。     

无取向硅钢电泳涂膜脱落原因分析与改进

针对无取向电工钢涂层产品电泳涂膜脱落问题进行研究,并对如何提高硅钢电泳涂膜附着力进行分析.通过调整硅钢涂层液树脂种类和含量,优化硅钢涂层膜厚,提高硅钢涂层干燥炉温度等措施,硅钢涂层的电泳涂膜附着力显著改善,电泳涂膜脱落现象得到解决.     

国家重大技术装备研制项目33000kW烟气轮机在兰州炼油化工机械厂通过运转试验

湖南省冶金材料研究所参与研制的国家重大技术装备研制项目 3 3 0 0 0 k W烟气轮机 2 0 0 3年 6月6日在兰州炼油化工机械厂通过了机械运转试验 ,各项指标均符合设计要求。为此 ,兰州炼油化工机械厂特向湖南省冶金材料研究所报喜。YL 3 3 0 0 0 A烟气轮机用于国内最大的重油催化裂化装置 ,是世界上少有的几台特大功率烟机之一 ;技术水平非常高 ,在设计、制造、材料等方面跨度很大。湖南省冶金材料研究所积极参与了该烟机的动叶片 ,静叶片和两件衬环等零件所涉及的高温防冲刷涂层的研制。为了满足该烟机特殊涂层的需要 ,湖南省冶金材料研究…     

Cu含量对SPS烧结TZM合金涂层组织及性能的影响

本研究采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）方法在以Ni箔为中间过渡的304不锈钢基体上制备了Cu含量在10%～30%（质量分数）的TZM（钛-锆-钼）合金涂层。利用扫描电镜（SEM）与能谱（EDS）仪分析了合金涂层组织;通过维氏硬度仪和激光导热仪对合金涂层的硬度及热扩散系数进行了表征;采用热震循环试验对合金涂层的热震稳定性能进行了测试;综合以上分析结果研究了Cu含量对SPS烧结TZM合金涂层的组织及性能影响。结果表明：TZM合金涂层由白色的Mo相与灰黑色的Cu相组成;随着Cu含量的增加,TZM合金涂层的硬度和热扩散系数随之增加;热震循环试验结果表明,造成TZM合金涂层热震循环试验失效的主要原因是由于涂层各部分热膨胀系数不一致所产生的应力超过了涂层与过渡层界面处的结合强度,而Cl-在结合界面处的点蚀作用对合金涂层的开裂、脱落起到了促进作用;结合摩擦磨损试验后的磨痕形貌及EDS选区分析结果,合金涂层磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损,且摩擦磨损过程中发生了氧化行为。Cu含量的提高有效改善了合金涂层的摩擦磨损性能。     

G2涂层部分产品脱落的机理研究

在冷机行业中，冷轧硅钢冲成的定子和转子需要发兰处理。在发兰过程中G2涂层部分产品出现脱落现象。严重影响了G2涂层的使用，本文通过大量试验。分析了G2涂层脱落产生的原因和机理。并制定了相应的改善措施。为确定G2涂层的合理发兰工艺和避免脱落提供了理论依据。     

刀具涂层技术的研究现状和发展趋势

结合近年来刀具涂层技术的发展状况,介绍了各种刀具涂层材料,结构以及制备方法。将涂层材料分为硬涂层与软涂层进行了介绍。综述了各种涂层结构。刀具涂层的制备方法包括化学气相沉积法（CVD）、物理气相沉积法（PVD）、等离子体化学气相沉积法（PCVD）和溶胶-凝胶法（Sol-Gel）等。介绍了刀具涂层工艺的研究现状,并对刀具涂层的发展方向进行了探讨。     

金相磨抛工艺对碳化钨涂层组织评定的影响

碳化钨涂层内部为复合相组织,硬度高脆性大,金相制备易导致涂层内部出现裂纹、分层、拔出等缺陷。本文利用超音速火焰喷涂制备WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,采用不同的金相研磨和抛光工艺,分别评定WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的组织。结果表明:不同的金相研磨和抛光工艺对WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的孔隙率的评定结果有明显影响。随着磨抛压力的上升,涂层内部孔隙的尺寸明显增大,涂层原有孔隙周边被压裂、脱落,且脱落碳化钨颗粒进一步增强了对涂层表面的磨削效果,使得涂层表面的局部区域出现大范围脱落,从而导致随着研磨压力的上升,涂层的孔隙率升高了12.5%至30%,随着抛光压力的上升,涂层的孔隙率升高了近一倍。因此,为降低磨抛工艺对涂层组织评定的影响,建议使用15N的磨抛压力开展碳化钨涂层的金相制备,以获得更加准确的金相评定结果。     

港口机械防腐技术研究

在港口机械防腐技术研究过程中,根据腐蚀环境划分标准确定港口机械所属腐蚀环境,详细阐述了氟碳涂料在该腐蚀级别中的配套方案,重点强调了涂装过程中的技术标准。针对港口机械露天使用过程中产生的机械腐蚀、涂层脱落等情况造成的防腐涂层损坏等问题,制定详细的防腐涂层维修与保养方案。     

Zr4合金表面多弧离子镀TiAlSiN涂层的微观形貌与性能

采用多弧离子镀在Zr4合金基体上沉积TiAlSiN涂层,利用扫描电镜对TiAlSiN涂层形貌进行观察并测试涂层厚度;利用X射线衍射仪对涂层进行物相分析;利用显微硬度计测试涂层的维氏硬度;利用自动划痕仪测试涂层与基体的结合力;利用高温热处理炉进行800℃高温抗氧化实验和1 200℃淬火实验。结果表明:涂层表面有形似液滴的颗粒存在,涂层沉积呈断续的柱状晶,涂层厚度约为7μm;TiAlSiN涂层主要由Ti N,Al N和Si3N4物相组成;TiAlSiN涂层显微硬度达3 172.94 HV0.05,结合力为23 N;TiAlSiN涂层的试样氧化质量增加远低于基体本身的氧化质量增加;TiAlSiN涂层经过淬火后有脱落现象,增加过渡涂层Cr可以提高涂层结合力,消除涂层脱落现象。     

包壳用锆合金表面Cr涂层的高温耐蚀性能

为了提高包壳用锆合金的耐高温腐蚀性能,采用等离子增强物理气相复合沉积（PPC）技术在Zr-4合金试样表面制备了厚度为15μm的Cr涂层,并对其性能进行了表征。通过在（420±3）℃,（10.3±0.7）MPa高温高压蒸汽中进行100 d腐蚀试验,对比了Zr-4基体和Cr涂层试样在高温蒸汽中腐蚀100 d后的耐蚀性能,利用X射线衍射（XRD）分析了涂层的物相,利用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了试样腐蚀后的氧化层厚度及断面形貌,利用能谱（EDS）线扫描分析了腐蚀后试样断面的元素成分,利用金相显微镜（OM）检测试样内部氢化物分布并采用气体分析法测量氢含量。结果表明：采用PPC技术制备的Cr涂层均匀致密,无裂纹、孔洞等缺陷;经高温高压蒸汽腐蚀后,试样表面Cr涂层氧化加重,随着腐蚀时间的延长,基体表面氧化膜厚度逐渐增加,而Cr涂层会发生减薄现象,但剩余涂层连续致密,且基体未出现氧化腐蚀现象,说明Cr涂层具有良好的耐蚀性能;涂层试样比基体具有更低的腐蚀增重率,说明Cr涂层能对基体起到保护作用;Cr涂层部分涂覆的试样涂层与基体过渡区基体侧出现氧化层,但氧化层厚度均匀一致,说明Cr涂层并未加速基体的腐蚀;与...     

Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of Er-Ho-Fe alloys

The Er_xHo_(2-x)Fe_(17)(x = 0.0, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4) powders were prepared by arc melting and high energy ball milling method. The influence of the Er substitution on phase structure, morphology, saturation magnetization,electromagnetic parameters was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) and vector network analyzer(VNA),respectively. The results show that the saturation magnetization increases and the average particle size increases with the increase of Er content. The minimum absorption peak frequency shifts towards a lower frequency region with the increase of Er content. The Er_(0.3)Ho_(1.7)Fe_(17) powder can achieve the minimum RL of-24.07 dB at 6.96 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the minimum RL is less than-20 dB at the thickness range from 2.0 to 3.0 mm. The minimum RL of Er_(0.3)Ho_(1.7)Fe_(17) is-37.26 dB at5.68 GHz and the frequency bandwidth of R-10 dB reaches about 1.2 GHz with a thickness of 2.4 mm.And the microwave absorbing properties of the composite with different weight ratios of Er_(0.3)Ho_(1.7)Fe_(17)/graphene were researched. The microwave absorbing peaks of the composite shift to lower frequency with the increase of graphene content. The values of the minimum RL of Er_(0.3)Ho_(1.7)Fe_(17)/graphene are close to-10 dB with absorbing coating thicknesses increased.     

Influence of Y~(3+),Yb~(3+),Gd~(3+) cations on structural and electromagnetic properties of CuFe_2O_4 nanoferrites prepared via one step sol-gel method

Rare earths(REs) play a key role in distorting spinel structure by creating some defects at the lattice sites and make them suitable for magnetodielectric applications.In the present study,the nanoferrites of CuRE_(0.02)Fe_(1.98)O_4,where REs=Y~(3+),Yb~(3+),Gd~(3+),were prepared using one step sol-gel method.The prepared samples are copper ferrite(CFO),yttrium doped copper ferrite(Y-CFO),ytterbium doped copper ferrite(Yb-CFO) and gadolinium doped copper ferrite(Gd-CFO),respectively.The single-phase structure of all the REs doped nanoferrites was determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis.The porosity,agglomerations and grain size of the REs doped copper ferrite were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) analysis.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)elaborates the phase formation and environmental effects on the REs doped nanoparticles(NPs).The recorded room temperature M-H loops from a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) elucidate the magnetic properties of the REs doped spinel nanoferrites.The magnetic saturation(M_s) was calculated in the range of 23.08 to 51.78 emu/g.The calculated coercivity values(272.6 to 705.60 Oe) confirm the soft magnetic behavior of REs doped copper ferrites.Furthermore,the electromagnetic and dielectric properties were assessed using a Vector network analyzer(VNA) from 1 to 6 GHz.The permeability,permittivity,dielectric tangent loss and electric modulus of the REs doped spinel ferrites illustrate that the prepared NPs may be suitable for microwave and high frequency applications.     

H2BPMPBD和TOPO协同萃取Ln3+的研究

研究了1,4-双(1'-苯基-3'-甲基-5'-氧代吡唑-4'-基)丁二酮(H2BPMPBD,简为H2A)和三正辛基氧化膦(TOPO)的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中对Ln3+的协同萃取.用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成为LaA·HA·TOPO,考察了萃取剂浓度和溶液酸度对萃取机理的影响,测定了半萃取pH1/2值和萃取反应平衡常数Ks.e,求得了反应的焓变和熵变.     

Lanthanum(Ⅲ) sorption studies on poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6] and its separation from uranium(Ⅵ) and thorium(Ⅳ) in L-valine medium

The sorption study of La(Ⅲ) was carried out on poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6] and L-valine medium. The quantitative adsorption of La(Ⅲ) was found at 1x10-2 to 1x10-5 mol/L L-valine. The various eluting agents were found efficient eluents for La(Ⅲ). The capacity of crown polymer for La(Ⅲ) was found to be 0.43 ±0.01 mmol/g. The tolerance limit of various cations and anions for La(Ⅲ) was determined.La(Ⅲ) was quantitatively separated from other metal ions in binary as well as multicomponont mixtures. The study was extended to sequen-tial separation of La(Ⅲ), U(Ⅵ) and Th(Ⅳ). The good separation yields were obtained and had good reproducibility (±2%). The method in-corporated the determination of La(Ⅲ) in real sample. The method was simple, rapid and selective.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铜阳极泥中钡

铜阳极泥物料成分复杂,钡含量变化较大,现无相关检测标准。实验提出了碱性熔剂熔融-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铜阳极泥中钡含量的分析方法。确定的方法如下:准确称取0.2g试样,与4g 碳酸钠-碳酸钾熔剂混合完全,加入0.5mL消电离剂(15g/L氯化铯溶液),在(700±20)℃熔融30min,冷却,浸取,过滤,弃去滤液,将沉淀物溶解,定容。采用Ba 233.527nm作为分析线,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铜阳极泥中钡的方法。通过元素干扰试验,检测10mg钡量,控制相对误差不大于±1%时,下列量(mg)的离子不干扰测定:Pb(II)(400),Cu(II)(350),Sb(V)(50),Bi(III)、Te(VI)(30),Ni(II)(10)。Ba的质量浓度在0.50~25μg/mL范围内与发射强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.99999;方法检出限为6.0μg/g。将方法用于铜阳极泥实际样品中钡的测定,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)小于0.5%,回收率为94%~102%。     

Photoluminescence properties and thermal stability of Eu~(3+)-activated La_7Ta_3W_4O_(30) red-emitting phosphors for near-UV-excited w-LEDs

Novel trivalent europium(Eu~(3+))-activated La_7 Ta_3 W_4 O_(30):xEu~(3+)(x=0.5 mol%-40 mol%) red-emitting phosphors were synthesized by means of a high-temperature solid-state reaction.The structure,morphology,photoluminescence,thermal-stability properties,lifetime,and color-rendering of the prepared phosphors were investigated in detail.The La_7 Ta_3 W_4 O_(30):Eu~(3+) phosphors show five emission peaks under near-ultraviolet(n-UV) at 397 nm,and these peaks are ascribed to the transitions of ~5 D_0-~7 F_j(j=0,1,2,3 and 4) by Eu~(3+) ions.The optimal doping concentration of Eu~(3+) is 20 mol%,and the critical distance of the energy transfer between the Eu3+ions was calculated to be 1.768 nm.The quenching temperature(T_(0.5)) of La_7 Ta_3 W_4 O_(30):20 mol%Eu~(3+) is about 440 K.The quantum yield(QY) was measured to be 85.85%.The fabricated white-light-emitting diodes(w-LEDs) possess high color-rendering index(R_a) of 90,and high correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5810 K,respectively.The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage(CIE) coordinates are(0.311,0.322).Therefore,the prepared phosphor has a promising application for w-LEDs.     

Effect of pH on sorption for RE（Ⅲ） and sorption behaviors of Sm（Ⅲ） by D152 resin

The pH dependent sorption of rare earth ions （La（Ⅲ）, Ce（Ⅲ）, Pr（Ⅲ）, Nd（Ⅲ）, Y（Ⅲ）, Sm（Ⅲ）, Eu（Ⅲ）, Gd（Ⅲ）, Tb（Ⅲ）, Dy（Ⅲ）, Ho（Ⅲ）, Er（Ⅲ）, Lu（Ⅲ）, and Yb（Ⅲ）） from HAC-NaAC buffer solution at 298 K by D152 resin containing -COOH function groups were presented. The sorption behaviors of D152 resin for Sm（Ⅲ） were discussed as an example. The effects of operational conditions such as pH, temperature, and contact time were studied. The statically saturated sorption capacity was 510 mg/g resin at pH 6.70 in HAc-NaAc medium at 298 K. The sorption behaviors obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. The capacity value for column study was obtained by graphical integration as 495 mg/g resin. Thomas model was applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curve and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design.     

金属有机框架化合物NH2-MIL-101(Cr)对铅(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

通过溶剂热法,制备出金属有机框架化合物NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和全自动比表面积及微孔物理吸附和化学吸附分析仪对NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)的晶相结构、微观形貌和比表面积进行表征。结果表明,制备的NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)为正八面体形貌,比表面积高达1 656 m²/g。使用NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)对水体中Pb(Ⅱ)进行吸附,结果表明:在30 mg/L含Pb(Ⅱ)溶液中,加入0.03 g NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)吸附剂,振荡吸附100 min,达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量为49.84 mg/g。NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程满足拟二级动力学和Langmuir吸附等温模型,说明NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)表面活性吸附位点分布均匀,对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附属于均相单分子层化学吸附,实验饱和吸附量为71.25 mg/g。NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)吸附材料利用EDTA再生使用6次后,吸附量仅下降20.97%,说明NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)具有较好的再生循环使用性。取某电池车间经处理过的Pb(Ⅱ)质量浓度为30 mg/L的废水,加入0.03 g NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)吸附剂,控制pH值为6,振荡吸附100 min后,测定溶液中剩余的Pb(Ⅱ)质量浓度为0.1 mg/L(低于国家最高排放标准0.5 mg/L),说明NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)是一种良好的Pb(Ⅱ)去除剂。     

Effect of Nd3+ substitution on structural and magnetic properties of Mg–Cd ferrites synthesized by microwave sintering technique

Nd~(3+) substituted spinel ferrites with formula Mg_xCd_(1-x)Nd_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O_4(x = 0.0.2,0.4,0.6.0.8 and 1.0)were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method using novel microwave sintering technique. AR grade sulphates were used as starting chemicals. The samples were sintered at optimized power of 70 W for10 min in a microwave oven(800 W). The structural analysis of these samples was done by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform IR techniques. The XRD analysis of the synthesized ferrite confirms the formation of cubic spinel structure of ferrite. The influence of Nd3+substitution on various structural parameters of Mg-Cd ferrites was reported. IR study indicates the spectra contain two intense absorption bands around 600 and 400 cm~(-1) in addition with four extra bands. The magnetic properties of all ferrites were studied by using a vibration sample magnetometer.The crystallite and grain size dependant magnetic properties are observed. The composition Mg_(0.6)Cd_(0.4)Nd_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O_4 has better magnetic properties that can be used in recording media. The fast synthesis of spinel ferrites is yielded due to use of the microwave sintering technique.     

Effects of copper and zirconium contents on microstructure and magnetic properties of Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)_z magnets with high iron content

The evolution of the microstructure,microchemistry and magnetic properties of the Sm(Co_(bal)Fe_(0.28)-Cu_yZr_x)_(7.6) magnets with different Zr and Cu contents was investigated.It is found that the coercivity of the Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)_z magnets is sensitive to Zr content.The deficiency of Zr content causes heterogeneity of Cu and Fe distributions,while an excessive Zr content leads to the formation of a SmCoZr impurity phase.The cellular structure and distribution of Cu concentration.gradient between the cell boundary phase and cell pha se are destroyed by inappropriate Zr content,which results in a reduction of coercivity.The Cu concentration difference between the cell boundary phase and cell phase increases with increasing Cu content.The coercivity of the Sm(Co_(bal)Fe_(0.28)Cu_yZr_(0.02))_(7.6) magnets increases from 10.4 to 25.4 kOe for y=0.05 and y=0.07.However,the excess of Cu element destroys the cell boundary phase and enlarges the cell size,resulting in a significant decrease of squareness and energy density.The optimum performance(remanence of 11.4 kG,coercivity of 2 5.4 kOe,maximum magnetic ene rgy product of 30.4 MGOe) was obtained for the Sm(Co_(0.63)Fe_(0.28)Cu_(0.07)Zr_(0.02))_(7.6) magnet.