基于保持光注入的半导体光放大器自偏振旋转性能的改善

研究了基于“保持光”（holding beam）注入（HBI）改善半导体光放大器（SOA）自偏振旋转（SPR）性能的方法。HBI虽然降低了SOA的偏振模式增益,但是缩短了对TE和TM模式的增益恢复时间,从而加速了SOA器SPR特性对超快信号的响应。以基于SOA的SPR特性的光功率均衡为例,我们发现,HBI可以明显抑制和...     

Optical Packet Replicator Using Cascaded SOA-Based Active Fiber Ring

The optical packet replicator using a cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based active fiber ring is proposed. By introducing the noncircular assistant light into each stage and adopting a two-stage cascaded structure, 100 replications with identity amplitude are realized. Due to accumulation of amplified spontaneous emission noise, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the 100th replication degrades 3.8 dB, which is equivalent to the SNR degradation of 19th replication in a single ring. The number of replications can be controlled by configuring driving pulses of SOA and each interval of hundreds of replications is equal accurately. It can be employed in ultraspeed sampling without any phase jitter.     

双辅助光作用下半导体光放大器性能分析

半导体光放大器以其良好的非线性在全光网络中具有广泛应用,但较长的载流子恢复时间一直是制约其用于超快全光信号处理的速率瓶颈,基于包含自发辐射噪声的半导体光放大器模型,探讨了提高半导体光放大器增益恢复时间的有效途径,通过对制约透明波长移动,增益饱和与有效载流子寿命的相关因素进行数值分析,得出以下结论:与单辅助光相比,采用双辅助光可以在不牺牲信号增益的前提下进一步缩短载流子寿命,因而是提高半导体光放大器增益恢复时间的有效途径,这一点对工程设计和应用具有一定的指导意义.     

Comparison of conventional and gain-clamped semiconductor opticalamplifiers for wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission systems

We compare the output spectra and data streams of a conventional 1550-nm semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with its gain-clamped (GCSOA) counterpart, in order to assess the impact of gain clamping on cross-gain modulation (XGM) and difference frequency generation (DFG). Whereas the conventional SOA exhibits a large amount of crosstalk due to XGM, there is virtually no XGM present in the GCSOA. However, the XGM effect in the SOA shows evidence of diminished efficiency at moderate input levels. We observe much higher DFG levels from the GCSOA (roughly 10 dB greater than the SOA). These DFG levels are such that cascaded wavelength cross-connect devices, in-line amplifiers, and even optical gates could experience inhibited performance     

基于微波光子的24倍频毫米波信号生成

提出了一种基于级联双电极马赫-曾德尔调制器、光延迟线和半导体光放大器的24倍频毫米波信号生成方案。将两个双电极马赫-曾德尔调制器通过一个光延迟线级联,获得高纯度±4阶边带,进而利用半导体光放大器的四波混频效应,得到±4阶和±12阶边带,通过波分解复用器选出±12阶边带,经光电探测器拍频即可得到24倍频毫米波信号。理论分析和仿真验证结果表明,当输入信号频率为4~10GHz时,可以生成射频杂散抑制比不低于26dB的24倍频毫米波信号,且其频谱纯度高,可调谐性好。     

Multiple ultra-wideband signal sources exploiting XPM in SFRL

A novel scheme for all-optical broadcast ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycle pulses generation based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor fiber ring laser (SFRL) is proposed, in which three UWB positive or negative monocycle pulses can be generated simultaneously. A comprehensive broad-band dynamic model for this kind of all-optical broadcast UWB monocycle sources is established, which is further applied to numerically analyze the impacts of injection current of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), the power and wavelength of the signal light on the performance of the UWB positive monocycle pulses with higher power spectral density. The results show that the spectra of the UWB positive and negative monocycle pulses generated by this scheme match the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) definition quite well. Three UWB positive monocycle pulses with better performance can be obtained when the power of signal light is at a high level, and three other UWB positive monocycle pulses with good tolerance to both the injection current of the SOA and the wavelength of the signal light can be obtained. In addition, the powers of the lasing light coupled into the SFRL should not be strong to obtain three UWB positive monocycle pulses with better performance.     

Ultrafast integrable and reconfigurable XNOR, AND, NOR, and NOT photonic logic gate

A novel, simple, compact, and integrable scheme of reconfigurable and ultrafast photonic logic gate is demonstrated, based on a single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and able to process ultrafast signals. XNOR function has been optically implemented exploiting four-wave mixing and cross-gain modulation in an SOA. The same scheme can be easily reconfigured to obtain AND, NOR, and NOT logic gates. Performances in terms of bit error rate for 20-ps return-to-zero signals at 10 Gb/s show a power penalty limited to 0.5 dB for all logic gates but the AND, which experiences regeneration (-2-dB power penalty) due to nonlinear SOA noise compression.     

辅助光注入下半导体光放大器的快慢光性能

随着全光网络的快速发展,快慢光技术受到了广泛关注。为了研究半导体光放大器(SOA)的快慢光效应,文章构建了辅助光注入半导体光放大器的理论模型。比较了辅助光注入SOA前后,直流电流、调制电流、调制频率、相移以及增益系数等参数对相位延时量的影响。仿真结果表明：辅助光的注入使输出信号光由慢光变为快光,辅助光功率越强,效果越明显。同时,注入辅助光信号后,直流电流越大,相位延时量越大;调制电流、调制频率、相移及增益系数越大,相位延时量越小。     

Investigation of semiconductor optical amplifier integrated with DBR laser for high saturation power and fast gain dynamics

A detailed theoretical investigation of an integration of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser is presented. The dependence of the device performance on those key design parameters such as the lasing wavelength, light injection direction (co- and contra-propagation), lasing power of the DBR laser, and the biasing condition of the SOA is examined systematically by means of a comprehensive time-domain traveling-wave model. As this integrated structure is particularly designed for high saturation power and fast gain dynamics, these characteristics are simulated and compared with the results from the conventional structures. Depending on different requirements, superior performance on either saturation power or noise figure without compromise on the optical gain can be achieved by different integration configurations (i.e., by different light injection directions). For the structure with the light injection from the output end of the SOA (namely, the integrated SOA-laser structure), the fast gain dynamics is found through simulation, which helps to reduce the large-signal waveform distortion in the amplification of narrow pulses.     

SOA注入电流及载流子寿命对UNI开关窗口的影响

对影响超快非线性干涉仪(UNI)开关窗口的半导体光放大器(SOA)的注入电流及载流子寿命进行了数值模拟实验研究。由于SOA的增益与其注入电流I成正比,与载流子寿命τc成反比。基于此分析了这两种因素对UNI开关窗口的影响,加大注入电流可以提高SOA的增益,使得UNI开关窗口的高度增加;减小载流子寿命使SOA的恢复速度加快,有利于开关窗口的形成。进行了10Gb／s的UNI全光开关实验,实验中用连续光代替数据脉冲以观察窗口形状,通过改变SOA注入电流进行验证。实验表明,在窗口形状不变的条件下,应选用尽量大的SOA注入电流,可使窗口高度增加,与模拟结构基本吻合。     

Cascadability Performance Evaluation of a New NRZ SOA-MZI Wavelength Converter

We evaluate the cascadability performance of a new semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based nonreturn-to-zero wavelength converter in a loop experiment. We use the bidirectional data injection control scheme with an additional continuous-wave signal to optimize the gains and phases imparted by the SOAs. The scheme has been shown to be capable of eight cascaded, error-free wavelength conversions at 10 Gb/s.     

Loss budget expansion technique using gain-saturated SOA in WDM single-fiber loopback access networks

This paper reduces the impact of backreflection in WDM single-fiber loopback access networks by using a gain-saturated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The backreflection lights from two sources are taken into consideration, the continuous wave (CW) light at the central office (CO) (Reflection-I) and the modulated signal at the optical network unit (ONU) (Reflection-II). A SOA is placed at the ONU to reduce the intensity noise caused by Reflection-II. To investigate the effect by the proposed technique, an experiment creating multiple reflection points is conducted. The results show that a loss budget of 10 dB without SOA can be increased to 16 dB.     

Semiconductor laser amplifier as optical switching gate

The properties of a semiconductor laser amplifier as optical switching gate are investigated. Particular attention is paid to gain, contrast ratio, and switching time of the device. These properties are studied experimentally and theoretically with respect to the injection current, optical input power, and cavity resonances. The experimental arrangements and the theoretical method are described. As an example of the various applications of semiconductor laser amplifier gates, packet switching experiments with self-routing, employing cascaded switching gates, are reported. In a theoretical analysis the restrictions that the properties of semiconductor laser amplifier gates impose on a larger switching system consisting of many such gates are investigated     

Charge injection in analog MOS switches

Charge injection in MOS analog switches, also called pass transistors or transmission gates, is approached by using the continuity equation. Experimental results show the negligible influence of substrate current which leads to a unidimensional model. An easy-to-handle simplified model is deduced and its predictions compared to the injection obtained by measurements. It is shown that this model, which can be used to implement various strategies to reduce charge injection, is valid in any realistic situation.     

Detailed theoretical investigation of the input power dynamic rangefor gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier gates at 10 Gb/s

A detailed theoretical investigation of the input power dynamic range for gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier (GC-SOA) gates at 10 Gb/s is presented. We show that although the gain is clamped, the dynamic changes of the carrier distribution in the GC-SOA causes pattern effects on a time scale given by the relaxation frequency of the GC-SOA. Combined with a higher noise figure compared to a conventional SOA, this results in a dynamic range only ~0.5 dB better than for an optimized SOA gate     

All-optical wavelength conversion with large wavelength hopping by utilizing multistage cascaded SOA-based wavelength converters

A novel broadband wavelength converter by multistage cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based wavelength converters is proposed. We have demonstrated, for the first time, broadband wavelength conversion in the wavelength range of 1320-1610 nm by using three-stage cascaded SOA-based wavelength converters with each different gain band.     

Efficient reversible NOR gates and their mapping in optical computing domain

Reversible logic is a computing paradigm in which there is a one to one mapping between the input and the output vectors. Reversible logic gates are implemented in an optical domain as it provides high speed and low energy computations. In the existing literature there are two types of optical mapping of reversible logic gates: (i) based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switch; (ii) based on linear optical quantum computation (LOQC) using linear optical quantum logic gates. In reversible computing, the NAND logic based reversible gates and design methodologies based on them are widely popular. The NOR logic based reversible gates and design methodologies based on them are still unexplored. In this work, we propose two NOR logic based n-input and n-output reversible gates one of which can be efficiently mapped in optical computing using the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) while the other one can be mapped efficiently in optical computing using the linear optical quantum gates. The proposed reversible NOR gates work as a corresponding NOR counterpart of NAND logic based Toffoli gates. The proposed optical reversible NOR logic gates can implement the reversible boolean logic functions with a reduced number of linear optical quantum logic gates or reduced optical cost and propagation delay compared to their implementation using existing optical reversible NAND gates. It is illustrated that an optical reversible gate library having both optical Toffoli gate and the proposed optical reversible NOR gate is superior compared to the library containing only the optical Toffoli gate: (i) in terms of number of linear optical quantum gates when implemented using linear optical quantum computing (LOQC), (ii) in terms of optical cost and delay when implemented using the Mach–Zehnder interferometer.     

SOA注入电流及位置偏移量对TOAD开关窗口的影响

对影响太赫兹光学非对称解复用器(TOAD)开关窗口的半导体光放大器(SOA)的注入电流和在环路中的偏移量这两个因素进行了数值模拟及实验研究，加大注入电流可以增加SOA的增益，使得开关窗口的高度增加；SOA在环路中的偏移量决定了开关窗口的宽度。由于实验中用连续光代替信号脉冲以观察开关窗口，可以看到随着偏移量的增大，开关窗口的主窗口的宽度先增大，当窗口宽度为控制脉冲周期的一半后，开关窗口的主窗口的宽度又变小。     

基于半导体光放大器的光学向量矩阵乘法器的实现方法

提出了一种基于半导体光放大器(SOA)的光学向量矩阵乘法器(OVMM)的实现方法。与传统的向量矩阵乘法器相比,本文方法采用的是非空间光的实现方案,且SOA的增益补偿作用可对计算所得的光功率进行校正,从而提高计算精度。对提出的方法进行了1×2向量与2×2矩阵乘法运算的实验验证,结果表明可以实现向量矩阵乘法器的运算功能。利用SOA的大范围增益可调特性,可有效提高信号动态范围,利于多路信号间均匀性的改善,且易于集成。     

半导体光放大器的增益透明电流测量方法研究

半导体光放大器(SOA)作为全光集成器件的核心,在全光通信和光纤传感等领域中具有重要的应用前景。值得关注的是,半导体光放大器的材料增益透明决定了它的快慢光过渡点和信号增益的起始点,因此准确测量其材料增益透明对应的注入电流,对于SOA的全面应用具有重要意义。提出了一种测量SOA材料增益透明电流的方法,并深入分析了其特点。依据材料增益透明时SOA的输出功率与入射光偏振无关的特性,实验测量了不同输入光功率条件下,入射光偏振态对输出功率影响最小时,SOA的注入电流。利用上述方法,准确地测量出给定波长输入待测SOA的增益透明电流为155mA。该方法为实现其他类型任意波长注入时SOA增益透明电流的测量提供了参考,为其全面应用奠定了基础。