玄武岩纤维及其增强水泥基复合材料研究进展

玄武岩纤维是一种新型无机绿色环保高性能纤维材料.综述了玄武岩纤维及其玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料(basalt fiber reinforced cement-based composite)国内外最新研究进展,简要介绍了玄武岩纤维国内外研究进展,玄武岩纤维表面处理技术对界面性能的影响以及对提高复合材料整体性能的必要性,并重点介绍了玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能研究和纤维增强机理以及玄武岩纤维水工混凝土及BFRP加固应用.最后对玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料的发展研究方向进行了展望.     

玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能研究

对玄武岩纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料进行了实验研究。制备了连续玄武岩纤维平纹织物增强酚醛树脂复合材料。研究了胶含量对玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料拉伸、压缩和层间剪切强度等力学性能、耐烧蚀性能的影响。利用SEM对复合材料压缩、层间剪切破坏断口和烧蚀试样的微观形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料具有较好的界面性能,树脂含量在36%时CBF/酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能最佳,线烧蚀性率和质量烧蚀率最低。     

Research progress of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites

玄武岩纤维的综合性能优异,是聚合物复合材料的理想增强体,在高强度、耐高温、耐酸碱腐蚀、耐烧蚀和耐摩擦等特殊领域展示了良好的应用前景。本文对玄武岩纤维聚合物基复合材料研究中的纤维与基体的界面改性、不同聚合物基体的复合材料以及玄武岩纤维与其它纤维的混杂三个方面进行了综述。目前对于玄武岩纤维界面性质的基础研究深度不足,有些复合材料的研究和制备方法还没有应用于玄武岩纤维上,使得玄武岩纤维复合材料的优势还没有得到充分的发挥。因此,应结合玄武岩纤维及其复合材料的特性,开发适用性强的和性价比好的产品,扩大应用范围。     

玄武岩纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的研究进展

玄武岩纤维是四大高新技术纤维中综合性能最好和综合性价比最优的品种,玄武岩纤维增强聚合物基复合材料在工业上有着重要的使用价值,是21世纪支撑高科技产品,尤其是市政城建、建筑建材和国防军工建设的一种主要材料。本文综述了玄武岩纤维增强热固性聚合物基复合材料和热塑性聚合物基复合材料的研究现状及国内外的发展应用,以及今后需要深入研究的方向。     

玄武岩纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂的抗弹性能研究

以连续玄武岩纤维为增强剂,乙烯基酯树脂为基体,制备了新型纤维增强树脂基复合材料。通过分析该复合材料的抗弹性能与其结构设计因素的关系,确定了该复合材料中的纤维织物形式、织物面密度、纤维直径和纤维含量等结构参数;并对该复合材料的抗弹机理进行了初步的分析讨论。     

玄武岩纤维改性不饱和聚酯树脂的性能研究

本研究用未经处理的和酸化改性的玄武岩纤维分别对不饱和聚酯树脂进行填充改性,探究玄武岩纤维不同用量以及不同酸化时间对不饱和聚酯树脂的力学性能以及摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:未经改性的玄武岩纤维用量为2%时,不饱和聚酯基复合材料拉伸强度提高41%,冲击强度提高13%而摩擦系数降低58%,玻璃化转变温度提高50%,综合性能最优;而后将玄武岩纤维进行酸化,制备2%玄武岩纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料,通过拉伸与冲击性能测试。结果表明酸化时间为1.5h时,复合材料性能最佳。     

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料板簧设计与制备

以某轻型货车用板簧为研究对象,以玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料代替弹簧钢减轻车辆板簧质量为目的,通过材料优化设计、结构优化设计,确定了复合材料设计方案,利用ANSYS仿真设计软件对复合材料板簧进行了力学性能分析,采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)制备工艺制备了玄武岩增强复合材料板簧。结果表明,优化后的玄武岩纤维增强复合材料板簧静态强度、动态疲劳寿命能够满足设计和使用要求,通过了静载和台架疲劳试验,且质量相对于弹簧钢板簧减重55%。     

基于数字图像方法的混掺纤维应变硬化水泥基复合材料力学性能及变形特征

为揭示混掺纤维对应变硬化水泥基复合材料力学性能和变形行为的影响规律,研究了玄武岩–聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维应变硬化水泥基复合材料的抗拉、抗压性能及压应变演化特征.设计了纤维掺量为材料体积分数的2％,玄武岩纤维和PVA纤维掺量比分别为3:1、1:1和1:3,同时控制粉煤灰与水泥掺量的比值(FA/C)分别为1.2、1.5和2...     

高性能纤维及其复合材料技术与应用新进展

简述了东丽发展聚丙烯腈基碳纤维及其复合材料＂追求极限＂和＂超持续研发＂的历程,全球CFRP在飞机、汽车等应用领域的新进展,芳酰胺纤维及其复合材料,玄武岩及其复合材料、超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料、金属超细纤维和纳米纤维的生产和应用的进展。     

玄武岩纤维对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

为探究玄武岩纤维在树脂基摩擦材料中的应用,采用热模压工艺制备了玄武岩纤维质量分数为0～20%的树脂基复合材料,对其进行摩擦磨损性能试验,并检测硬度和抗剪强度,观察磨损表面微观形貌,探讨其磨损机制。结果表明:向树脂基摩擦材料中添加玄武岩纤维,具有显著提高材料的硬度、抗剪强度,降低磨损率,增大摩擦系数和热衰退温度的作用。玄武岩纤维增强的摩擦材料硬度越高,摩擦系数越大,剪切强度和硬度越高,磨损率越小;当玄武岩纤维含量为15%时,磨损率最低,达到0.23 cm~3/(N·m);当玄武岩纤维含量为20%时,摩擦系数最大,达到0.45。玄武岩纤维增强的树脂基摩擦材料,其磨损机理以磨粒磨损为主。     

PVDF/PMMA/Basalt fiber composites: Morphology,melting and crystallization,structure, mechanical properties,and heat resistance

This paper is to study the effect of basalt fiber on morphology, melting and crystallization, structure, mechanical properties, melting and crystallization of PVDF/PMMA composites using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), etc. Basalt fiber may disperse well in PVDF/PMMA matrix and form compact fiber network, and this makes tensile and flexural strength of fiber reinforced PVDF/PMMA composites get to the maximum value of 62 and 102 MPa, respectively. However, the mechanical properties begin to decrease when basalt fiber content exceeds 20 wt %. The α and β phase of PVDF can coexist in composites, and basalt fiber and PMMA can induce β phase of PVDF. The melting temperature of PVDF in composites is kept unchanged, but the degree of crystallinity of composites increases as basalt fiber content increase, and then declines when fiber content exceeds 20%. The DSC results confirm that the nucleation ability of PVDF is enhanced by basalt fiber. Also, the heat resistance of PVDF/PMMA composite is improved from 133 to 146.1°C due to basalt fiber. The DMA shows that basalt fiber increases the storage modulus of PVDF/PMMA composite, and the loss peak of PMMA increases from 116.1 to 130°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40494.     

Hybridization effect of basalt and carbon fibers on impact and flexural properties of phenolic composites

In this study, the impact and flexural properties of woven basalt fiber/phenolic (BFP), woven carbon fiber/phenolic (CFP) and woven basalt/woven carbon hybrid phenolic (BCFP) composites are investigated. The hybridization effect of woven basalt and woven carbon fibers on the impact energy absorption and flexural properties is investigated for various weight ratios of basalt/carbon hybrid fibers such as 1:0, 0.83:0.17, 0.68:0.32, 0.61:0.39, 0.34:0.66 and 0:1. It is found that the impact properties of the composites are strongly improved when the basalt fiber increased. Impact energy absorption of CFP composite showed a regular trend of increase with increasing weight ratio of basalt fiber in hybrid fiber composite. The lowest impact energy absorption values are found for the composites with weight ratio 0:1 (CFP), with average of 70 kJ/m². Corresponding values for energy absorptions are obtained for 0.83:0.17, 0.68:0.32, 0.61:0.39, 0.34:0.66 basalt/carbon weight ratio in hybrid composites. The impact energy absorption of hybrid composites (BCFP) shows the highest value with an average of 219 kJ/m², when the weight ratio of 0.83:0.17 is used. Finally, the impact energy absorption of BFP composites with the weight ratio of 1:0 shows the highest value of 268 kJ/m². The experimental evidence shows that the hybrid composites based on combinations of stiff carbon fibers and tough basalt fibers have good flexural properties and therefore, they can be used as promising materials in a number of engineering sectors such as the protective structures.     

连续玄武岩纤维在复合材料中应用

连续玄武岩纤维是绿色环保材料,是国家鼓励开发与应用的纤维材料。本文对玄武岩基本情况和连续玄武岩纤维制作等工艺的介绍,根据连续玄武岩纤维的特点,列举出玄武岩纤维长纤增强LFT、玄武岩直接无捻粗纱增强纤维和玄武岩纤维SMC无捻粗纱增强纤维的应用特点和情况,并对连续玄武岩纤维复合材料作了展望,期待有更大的应用范围。     

玄武岩纤维及其复合材料基本力学性能实验研究

本文对一种国产玄武岩纤维及其复合材料的基本力学性能进行了实验研究,并对纤维的化学组成和表面状态进行了分析。结果表明,所研究的玄武岩纤维丝束的拉伸性能低于S-2玻璃纤维,分散性较大;玄武岩纤维/环氧648复合材料的基本力学性能多数与S-2玻璃纤维/环氧648复合材料相近,部分性能甚至高于后者。     

玄武岩纤维及其复合材料性能研究

本文研究了一种与玄武岩纤维相匹配的环氧基体及其与玄武岩纤维复合材料的性能。对比了玄武岩纤维／环氧和S2玻纤／环氧两种复合材料的性能。结果证明玄武岩纤维可替代一部份的玻璃纤维。     

玄武岩纤维表面改性的研究进展

纤维增强复合材料的力学性能主要受到纤维性能、树脂性能以及纤维与树脂间的复合材料界面性能影响。在实际应用中,纤维表面改性是增强纤维和基体之间结合力,拓展应用领域的关键。本文综述了国内外玄武岩纤维的几种改性工艺,总结了各种表面改性方法的作用机理及其改性效果,并简要介绍了玄武岩纤维的性质及应用。研究发现,玄武岩纤维经过改性后,其性能均有所改善,如表面活性提高、强度增大、界面黏结力增强等,这有利于其作为增强体制备各种性能优异的复合材料,从而应用于土木建筑、汽车船舶、石油化工、航空航天等领域。此外,本文最后还指出了玄武岩纤维改性领域目前存在的主要问题,并对未来该领域研究发展方向做出展望。     

Manufacturing and testing of long basalt fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites

In this work, long basalt fiber reinforced composites were investigated and compared with short basalt fiber reinforced compounds. The results show that long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are particularly advantageous in the respects of dynamic mechanical properties and injection molding shrinkage. The fiber orientation in long basalt fiber reinforced products fundamentally differs from short basalt fiber reinforced ones. This results in more isotropic molding shrinkage in case of long basalt fiber reinforced composites. The main advantage of the used long fiber thermoplastic technology is that the special long fiber reinforced pellet can be processed by most conventional injection molding machines. During extrusion compounding the fibers in the compound containing 30 wt% fibers are fragmented to an average length of 0.48 mm (typical of short fiber reinforced thermoplastic compounds), this length decreases further during injection molding to 0.20 mm. Contrarily using long fiber reinforced pellets and cautious injection molding parameters, an average fiber length of 1.8 mm can be achieved with a conventional injection molding machine, which increased the average length/diameter ratio from 14 to 130. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

激光改性玄武岩纤维性能研究

采用高能激光束对玄武岩纤维进行表面改性,并制备玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。利用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射等手段,表征改性前后玄武岩纤维的微观形态、物相结构,系统研究了激光对纤维的微观组织变化、性能等影响规律,并测试了玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,随着激光功率的增加,玄武岩纤维表面缺陷深度和缺陷面积增加。当激光功率由0 W提高至120 W时,表面缺陷最大深度由9 nm增加至180 nm,表面缺陷的分布范围由3.5~6.5 nm增加至90~120 nm,表面粗糙度由1.41 nm增加至24.70 nm。激光改性后,玄武岩纤维单丝拉伸性能降低,由于激光对纤维的辐射作用,玄武岩纤维的表面缺陷深度与拉伸强度的关系不符合经典理论。激光改性前后,玄武岩纤维XRD谱峰位基本一致,表面所含元素的种类没有发生变化。激光改性使玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能有所改善,随着激光功率的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

Synergistic reinforcement of epoxy/basalt fiber composites with dimensionally different nanoparticles

Epoxy/basalt fiber composites were modified by 2D montmorillonite (MMT), 0D nanoSiO₂, or 2D MMT/ 0D nanoSiO₂ double nanoparticles. Mechanical tests showed that all the modified composites had considerably improved interlaminar shear strength and notch impact strength compared with the unmodified epoxy/basalt fiber composites, and that the double nanoparticle‐modified composites displayed the greatest improvement. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that co‐addition of 2D MMT and 0D nanoSiO₂ into epoxy/basalt fiber composites produced a unique microstructure. The MMT was completely exfoliated into nanoscale mono‐sheets and interacted with nanoSiO₂ particles to assemble into networks. The networks trapped many epoxy molecules within them and they tightly surrounded basalt fibers to form buffer layers. These results indicate that double nanoparticles of different dimensionality promote epoxy molecules to infiltrate between, combine with and coat basalt fibers more effectively than single nanoparticles, which facilitates better cooperation of epoxy and basalt fibers in resisting external forces. Modification with dimensionally different nanoparticles is an effective pathway to improve the performance of epoxy/basalt fiber composites and broaden their application fields. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:730–735, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers