紫铜大气腐蚀产物酸洗液中铜离子含量的测定——改进的新亚铜灵分光光度法

采用新亚铜灵分光光度法直接检测紫铜大气腐蚀产物酸洗液中铜离子的化学分析方法．对波长、还原剂、显色荆、酸度等条件对测量结果的影响进行分析．最佳实验条件为：在1．00mL试样溶液中加入还原剂盐酸羟胺0．50mL．显色剂新亚铜灵2．00mL，pH值为6，定容50mL，测量波长为454nm．线性回归方程的相关系数r=0．9998，线性范围在0．20～3．6mg／L，加标回收率在92％～105％，相对误差在-2．86％～1．51％．新亚铜灵分光光度法具有操作简便，测量结果准确和低毒等优点，适用于在酸性溶液中的铜离子含量的测定．     

冶炼厂水处理污泥提铜除砷研究

以冶炼厂水处理污泥为原料,对其进行除砷提铜研究,探索了采用硫酸熟化-催化氧化从污泥中提取铜的工艺条件,当污泥中硫酸量为1t／t,氧化剂（CH80）量为0．01t／t,在液固比为4：1,常温条件下,以250r／min搅拌3h,铜的提取率为94％,调节浸出液pH为3．7～4．0后,利用固砷剂除砷同砷,砷去除率为98．54％,此时铜的损失为1．34％,除砷后的浸出液制成硫酸铜产品,铜的总收率在85％以上。     

AC法处理高锑低银类铅阳极泥——铜和铋的回收

用AC法处理高锑低银类铅阳极泥，其干馏渣水浸液经两段置换、硫酸浸铜、稀盐酸浸铋，综合回收了铜、铋、锑，并使其得到了较大程度的分离，Cu，Bi和Sb的置换率分别为99．75％，96．74％和99．45％；置换渣含铜53．73％，含铋20．79％．用硫酸浸铜法，实现了铜-锑、铜-铋的有效分离，最终铜以硫酸铜产出，品位为93．74％～96．21％，Fe含量为1．13％～1．47％，回收率为93．33％；用稀盐酸浸出铋-锑渣，铋以含Bi69．70％的铋精矿产出，直收率及总回收率分别为90．87％和94．73％，此外还产出Sb含量为36．21％的锑渣，返回氯化浸出过程，总回收率为94．06％．     

高砷铜精矿浸出液制备砷酸铜及热力学研究

高砷铜精矿浸出液中因含砷较高存在砷害问题,砷回收利用具有重要的意义。研究针对某高砷硫化铜精矿除杂后的浸出液,探讨了以砷酸铜形式综合利用砷的热力学及工艺参数。绘制了Cu-As-H2O系电位-pH图,进行了砷酸铜制备工艺过程的热力学分析,对净化后的某高砷硫化铜精矿浸出液,以氨水为中和剂,当pH=5.0~8.0,温度80~90℃时,制得了CuAs2O4、C4H6As6Cu4O16、Cu5As2O10.5H2O、Cu5As4O15.9H2O、Cu2AsO4OH.3H2O及Cu2AsO4OH 6种不同结构的砷酸铜,沉砷后溶液中砷含量为9.11~35.82 mg/L。     

纳米二氧化锆对砷（Ⅲ）和砷（Ⅴ）的吸附性质研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法合成了纳米ZrO2，并用透射电镜及比表面积分析仪测定了产品的平均粒径和比表面积．研究了纳米ZrO2对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附及洗脱条件．在pH值1～10范围内，纳米ZrO2对As(Ⅲ)及As(Ⅴ)的吸附率均大于98％．吸附容量分别为1．4mg／g As(Ⅲ)和1．1mg／g As(Ⅴ)，富集倍数均为100倍，采用0．5mol／L NaOH可完全洗脱纳米ZrO2所吸附的砷．考察了共存离子对吸附率的影响，结果表明纳米ZrO2对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附具有较好的选择性．此研究对于含砷废水的处理、痕量砷的分离富集以及砷的形态分析，均有较高的应用价值．     

杂质离子对铜沉积微观结构的影响

为揭示杂质离子在铜电结晶过程中的行为,提高电解铜的质量,模拟电解铜厂的生产条件,用XPS、XRD、SEM等仪器研究了电解液中As5+、Sb3+、Bi3+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Zn2+等杂质离子对铜沉积微观结构的影响.结果表明:当电流密度i≤220A/m2时,杂质离子不在阴极沉积,但抑制其他晶面的生长,使铜结晶的(220)晶面织构系数明显增大,晶胞尺寸变大,电结晶形态由脊状变为脊状混块状;当i>220A/m2时,杂质中砷离子与铋离子在阴极有少量沉积,沉积层中砷以As和As2O3形式并存,铋以Bi2O3形式存在,铜结晶的颗粒变粗;当电流密度增至800A/m2时,杂质离子会使铜结晶的晶面择优取向从(220)变为(111).     

改性茵糠对水中铜离子的吸附能力

以食用茵茵糠的吸附能力为基础,对其进行化学改性：在10g茵糠中,加入250mL,0．5mol,／L草酸溶液,于30℃下搅拌90rain,经抽滤、水洗干燥后得到草酸改性茵糠吸附剂,并研究了其对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附性能和吸附机理．实验结果表明,用20rag／L改性茵糠处理50mLCu（Ⅱ）模拟废水,在溶液pH为5．0,初始重金属浓度15mg／L,处理时间90min的最佳条件下,吸附量为0．69mg／g,吸附率可达91．94％,出水达到国标GB8978-1996中总铜的三级排放标准．茵糠作为处理重金属废水的吸附剂具有广阔前景,不仅为废水处理提供了一种环保、经济的处理方法,而且为农作物废弃物茵糠提出了一个资源化利用的新思路。     

Sb和Bi元素对铸造铝铜合金抗热裂性能的影响

用ZXD－3型合金铸造性能多功能测试仪及MARY－10013型扫描电镜、NEOFT－30金相显微镜，通过在Al-4.5％Cu合金中添加微量的Sb或Bi，绘制出热裂应力及断裂温度与Sb及Bi含量的关系曲线。据此，对Al-Cu合金的热裂倾向进行了分析研究。结果：表明，添加Sb或Bi后，可分别使合金的热裂抗力提高2．21和2．68倍；微量合金化元素Sb的适宜加入量不大于0．03％，Bi的适宜加入范围为（0．05－0．12）%。     

低压离子色谱法同时测定水中铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)和铁(Ⅱ)

在低交换容量0．02mol／L的低压阳离子分离柱上选用40mmol／L酒石酸-20mol／L柠檬酸(pH4．30)的洗脱液分离微量Cu^2 、Zn^2 和Fe^2 离子，以吡啶-(2-偶氮-4-)雷琐辛(PAR)作显色剂，在波长520nm处连续检测，得到线性良好的工作曲线，铜、锌和铁最低检测限分别为0．02μg/ml，0、05μg/ml和0．06μg/ml。利用该方法分析了环境水样中的铜、锌和铁，回收率分别为99．0％～102.0％，97．0％～104．0％，98．0％～104、0％。     

石灰-铁盐法处理含重金属及砷工业废水

讨论石灰-铁盐法处理含重金属和砷工业废水的过程．阐述分两段控制中和pH、分两次投加铁盐对去除杂质的影响，结果表明：当pH控制为8．5-11，铁盐按Fe／As=40／1、200／1（质量比）分次投放时，出水残余杂质达到环保标准，此时铜、铅、锌以及砷去除率都达99．40％以上．此法具有操作简便、沉淀效率高、处理费用低等优点．     

Industrial experiment of copper electrolyte purification by copper arsenite

Copper electrolyte was purified by copper arsenite that was prepared with AS2O3. And electrolysis experiments of purified electrolyte were carried out at 235 and 305 A/m^2, respectively. The results show that the yield of copper arsenite is up to 98.64% when the molar ratio of Cu to As is 1.5 in the preparation of copper arsenite. The removal rates of Sb and Bi reach 74.11% and 65.60% respectively after copper arsenite is added in electrolyte. The concentrations of As, Sb and Bi in electrolyte nearly remain constant during electrolysis of 13 d. The appearances of cathode copper obtained at 235 and 305 A/m^2 are slippery and even, and the qualification rate is 100% according to the Chinese standard of high-pure cathode copper（GB/T467-97）.     

Industrial experiment of copper electrolyte purification by copper arsenite

Copper electrolyte was purified by copper arsenite that was prepared with As2O3. And electrolysis experiments of purified electrolyte were carried out at 235 and 305 A/m2, respectively. The results show that the yield of copper arsenite is up to 98.64% when the molar ratio of Cu to As is 1.5 in the preparation of copper arsenite. The removal rates of Sb and Bi reach 74.11% and 65.60% respectively after copper arsenite is added in electrolyte. The concentrations of As, Sb and Bi in electrolyte nearly remain constant during electrolysis of 13 d. The appearances of cathode copper obtained at 235 and 305 A/m2 are slippery and even, and the qualification rate is 100% according to the Chinese standard of high-pure cathode copper(GB/T467-97).     

从铜矿尾砂中回收铜的工艺研究

采用“稀硫酸浸出-Lix984萃取富集提纯-电积沉铜”的湿法冶铜工艺,对铜矿选矿尾砂中铜的回收进行了试验研究.讨论了加酸浸出方式、酸用量、浸出时间、浸出温度、熟化时间、NaCl的加入量等因素对铜浸出效果的影响,在试验范围内,得出了最优的浸出参数：每100 g尾砂加入1 g NaCl,用30 mL10%硫酸将尾砂搅拌均匀,然后常温熟化15 h,再以3∶1的液固质量比添加水后常温搅拌浸出9 h.浸出率Cu 79.88%,Fe 0.32%;浸出液用10%Lix984萃取后再用2.5 mol/L硫酸反萃,富集提纯后的硫酸铜溶液经过电解,得到金属铜产品,其Cu含量为99.95%,达到GB/T467的要求.     

一种制备硫酸铜的新工艺

对以氧化铜矿石为原料生产硫酸铜的工艺进行了讨论.提出了萃取一结晶生产优质硫酸铜新工艺，拓宽了开发氧化铜矿石的途径。     

Techniques of copper recovery from Mexican copper oxide ore

Mexican copper ore is a mixed ore containing mainly copper oxide and some copper sulfide that responds well to flotation. The joint techniques of flotation and leaching were studied. The results indicate that an ore containing 19.01% copper could be obtained at a recovery ratio of 35.02% by using sodium sulfide and butyl xanthate flotation. Over 83.33% of the copper oxide can be recovered from the tailings by leaching in suitable conditions, such as 1 h stirring at a temperature around 25 ℃ with a mixing speed of 500 r/min, an H2SO4 concentration of 1.0 mol/L and a mass ratio of the ore-slurry-liquid to solid (mL/mS) of 3. The overall yield of refined ore after flotation and leaching is over 89.18% of the copper, which is much better than sole flotation or leaching. A copper product containing more than 99.9% copper was obtained by using the process: flotation-agitation leaching-solvent extraction-electro-winning.     

A new acid pickling process for copper alloys

The cleaning process of removing oxides on the surface of copper alloy sheets was investigated systematically.Through optimizing,a perfact process was selected that is fit for removing oxides on the surface.By acid pickling,all kinds of copper xoides are removed completely,furthermore.no poisonous gases are given out and a smooth and clean surface of copper alloys is obtained.At present,the process is applied successfully in the copper-processing industry.     

硫化铜阳极电解精炼

传统的铜电解精炼工艺是以含Ｃｕ＞９９％的粗钢作阳极．本文介绍了成都电冶厂以高冰镍经磨浮产出的二次铜精矿为原料，经熔铸得到硫化铜阳极，再直接电解制取电解铜的工业实践．     

叶绿素铜钠盐的制备

用正交法考察了温度、ＮａＯＨ用量、溶剂Ａ的溶剂Ｂ的体积比,以及溶剂总体积和糊状叶绿素重量比四因素对叶绿素铜酸制备过程中的皂化工序的影响;对铜代过程中硫酸铜用量和铜代条件进行试验;探索了酸化结晶工序的工艺条件;采用了反萃结晶法精制叶绿素铜酸;测定了叶绿素铜酸在溶剂中的溶解度;研究了反萃结晶过程的工艺条件;考察了蒸发干燥过程中温度和时间的影响。在对叶绿素铜钠盐制备过程的总结和分析的基础上,提出了优化的     

Characteristics and evolution of ore-forming fluids of the Chongjiang copper deposit in the Gangdise porphyry copper belt, Tibet

Petrography, microthermometry, and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer （SEM/EDS） studies were performed on the fluid inclusions in the ore-beating quartz veins and quartz phenocrysts in the porphyry of the Chongjiang porphyry copper deposit. The analyses of the fluid inclusions indicate that the ore-forming fluids were exsolved from magma. They are near-saturated, supercritical, rich in volatile constituents, and have the capture temperature of 362-389℃ and salinities of 17.7wt%- 18.9wt% NaC1 eq. With the decreasing of temperature and pressure, the supercritical fluids were separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. During quartz-sericitization, the high salinity fluid boiled and separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. The high salinity inclusions that formed in the boiling process had daughter mineral melting temperatures higher than the homogenization temperatures of the vapor and liquid phases. The late fluids that are responsible for argillization are of lower temperature and salinity.     

铜离子印迹改性壳聚糖海绵的制备及应用研究

以醋酸铜为模板,甲醇、氯仿为溶剂,2-乙烯吡啶、丙烯酰胺为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用本体聚合法制备铜离子印迹聚合物;然后掺入到壳聚糖海绵的制备中,使壳聚糖海绵对铜离子的吸附率由27．1％提高到72．3％。制备的铜离子印迹改性壳聚糖海绵需要2d达到吸附平衡,吸附-解吸5次后,性能稳定。