食用菌预煮液的综合利用

食用菌的盐水腌制加工有大量的预煮液、残菇、菇柄被弃掉,损失鲜品总量的25．94%左右。据对平菇测定,食用菌预煮后干物质减少23．45%~26.87%;浓缩成30%的蘑菇预煮液含17种氨基酸和多种水溶性维生素及矿质盐类,氨基酸含量高达495．84mg/ml。本研究还以平菇预煮液,菇柄为主要原料调配出平菇预煮液酱油、平菇小米醋、平菇蛋白多维饮料等。本方法亦适合对多种食用菌预煮液的深加工利用,并使每吨商品菇增加纯经济收益360~600元。     

预糊化变性淀粉在麻糬面包中的应用

本文研究了预糊化木薯变性淀粉、预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉、预糊化玉米变性淀粉和预糊化大米粉对麻糬面包的感官评价、比容、弹性的影响,分析了预糊化变性淀粉的布拉班德粘度曲线,结果表明,预糊化木薯变性淀粉与预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉制作的麻糬面包口感及外观较好,而预糊化玉米变性淀粉与预糊化大米粉制作的产品口感不佳、比容小,预糊化木薯变性淀粉与预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉质量比为1:1时,麻糬面包加工性能好、口感清爽、弹性强、比容较大、保型性佳。     

粉末油脂在面包预混合粉中应用的研究

本文研究了粉末油脂对面包专用粉流变学的影响，通过添加3％的起酥油和不同比率的粉末油脂进行面包对照试验，借助感官评定和质构仪分析，最终确定添加6％的粉末油脂，可做出感官和质构俱佳的面包。面包预混合粉在不同条件下储藏30d后，进行面包试验，结果显示高湿或高温条件下储藏后，酵母基本失活，且高湿条件下储藏后，面粉中有颗粒结成；而经25℃密封条件储藏30d后的面包预混合粉。可以做出较为理想的面包。     

蘑菇预煮机的设计及计算

蘑菇预煮机是罐头加工的关键设备之一,在我国食品机械行业中尚未定型。纵观国内蘑菇预煮工艺,绝大部分采用螺旋推进预煮方式,就是将蘑菇原料由提升机送至预煮槽中加热,其温度范围为95～98℃,预煮时间一般为6～8分钟,蘑菇在预煮机中     

面包预混合小麦粉配方的优化

研究确定了面包预混合小麦粉的最佳配方(以面包专用粉为基准)为面包专用粉100%,全蛋粉3%,奶粉7%,活性干酵母1.28%,食盐1%,白砂糖20%,烘焙时加水57%。用面包预混合小麦粉制作的面包的比容为6.4 mL/g,酸度为1.3 T°,水分含量为35.5%,所烘焙制得的面包具有良好的质量。     

预煮工艺对黄焖三穗鸭肉质的影响

为研究预煮工艺对黄焖三穗鸭肉品质的影响,对三穗鸭肉进行预煮炒制和非预煮炒制对比分析,研究预煮对黄焖三穗鸭肉的色泽、质构和微观结构影响情况。结果表明,预煮对炒制胸肉L*值变化影响不显著,但对腿肉影响显著(p<0.01),且随炒制时间的延长,腿肉L*值显著下降;预煮对炒制胸肉a*值变化影响显著(p<0.01),预煮组a*值较对照组低,腿肉预煮组a*值随炒制时间的延长显著(p<0.01)升高;预煮对炒制胸肉和腿肉b*值变化影响均显著(p<0.01),且b*值都随着炒制时间增加呈下降趋势;预煮后鸭肉的硬度相对于对照组有所降低,而弹性、恢复性和咀嚼性略有增加;从电镜扫描可以看出,预煮组表面脂肪球结构较少,肌肉纤维间形成了致密的结构网。预煮能够一定程度上改善了鸭肉产品品质,大大缩短后序的炒制时间。      

斗槽式果品连续预煮机的设计

本文介绍了斗槽式连续预煮机的工作过程和传动、重点结构的设计。     

牛肉预煮液中肌肽含量的检测

本实验通过对牛肉预煮液进行超滤等处理,使用高效液相色谱法对预煮液中肌肽进行了初步检测,结果表明预煮液中肌肽的含量较高,其含量可达382．68mg／L。通过加标实验,进一步确定了该峰就是肌肽。     

喷码打印领域又一创举

<正> 现今,大多数规范化的生产线仍需要每日或每周停止运作。为了降低开启和关闭机械的时间,有关机械设备生产商新近推出一系列能自动开关的新型喷码打印系统——“A”系列喷码打印系统,以适合这方面的需求。     

Effect of durum wheat varieties on bread quality

In this study, the effect of different durum wheat varieties on the sensorial and nutritional quality of bread was assessed. In particular, bread manufactured with six wheat cultivars was compared with bread based on commercial semolina mixtures. X‐ray microtomography was used to characterise the final cellular structure of the baked bread. The textural properties of baked bread and doughs were also investigated. In addition, the glucose equivalent (GE) of bread was also evaluated. Finally, the microstructural, sensorial and textural parameters were correlated with each other. Results highlighted that Cappelli and Saragolla bread samples showed higher protein and total soluble fibre content, respectively, in comparison with the reference samples. Moreover, the GE of the Cappelli, Claudio and Saragolla bread samples was similar to that of the reference samples and lower than that of the other samples. However, the sensorial properties of all bread samples showed a very positive score (up to 7.7).     

Rice varieties in relation to rice bread quality

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to predict rice bread quality only from the amylose content (AC) or dough characteristics of new lines produced by rice breeding programmes. This study investigated the AC relative to bread baking quality of rice varieties developed in Korea, and identified specific characteristics that contribute to rice bread quality. RESULTS: Manmibyeo, Jinsumi, Seolgaeng and Hanareumbyeo were classified as low AC, YR24088 Acp9, Suweon517, Chenmaai and Goamibyeo as intermediate AC and Milyang261 as high AC. Suweon517, Milyang261 and Manmibyeo had a high water absorption index (WAI), while Goamibyeo, YR24088 Acp9, Jinsumi, Seolgaeng, Hanareumbyeo and Chenmaai had a low WAI. The gelatinisation enthalpy of flour varied from 9.2 J g^?1 in Milyang261 to 14.8 J g^?1 in YR24088 Acp9 . After 7 days of storage the rate of flour retrogradation and crumb firmness were weakly correlated, with the exception of Jinsumi . Bread volumes of Jinsumi, Chenmaai, YR24088 Acp9 and Goamibyeo were comparable to that of wheat flour, but the rest were unsuited to bread making because of their low volume and hard crumb texture. CONCLUSION: Based on volume, texture and crumb firmness ratio, Chenmaai and Goamibyeo were the most appropriate varieties for making bread. An intermediate AC and low WAI were the primary indicators of rice bread flour quality. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of flour from different barley varieties on barley sour dough bread

Twenty flours from 16 different barley varieties cultivated in 1990 and 1992, and a Swedish reference flour, were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum A1 to sour doughs. Barley breads (40% barley/60% wheat flour) from each flour type were baked with and without an admixture of barley sour dough in order to investigate how the sour dough admixture would affect the baking properties. A trained panel carried out sensory evaluation by conventional profiling on breads made from three of the barley varieties and the Swedish reference flour, made with and without sour dough admixture.

The barley varieties influenced both the sour dough properties and the properties of the barley bread. The pH of bread with sour dough ranged from 4.6 to 4.8 as compared to 5.4 to 5.6 in bread without sour dough. The acidity of the breads with sour dough ranged from 4.1 to 5.0 ml NaOH/ 10 g bread crumb as compared to 2.4 to 3.6 in breads without sour dough. In 14 of the twenty bread types an addition of sour dough lowered the bread volume. Breads with a sour dough admixture scored higher for total taste and acidulous taste than breads without sour dough. The β-glucan content of the flours had no significant influence on the sour dough or the sensory characteristics of the bread, except for the breadcrumb colour.     

Measurement of levels of bread improvers in concentrates by means of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

The simultaneous analysis of ascorbic acid, azodicarbonamide and L-cysteine in bread improver mix concentrates at levels of 0–10% in a starch diluent has been achieved. The use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy enabled the measurements to be obtained in less than one minute with accuracies of about ± 1% at the 95% confidence interval.     

不同品种藜麦粉对馒头品质及抗氧化活性的影响

为了明确小麦粉中添加藜麦粉对馒头的品质及抗氧化活性的影响,该文探讨了高筋小麦粉中添加不同比例不同品种藜麦粉(红藜麦、白藜麦以及黑藜麦)对混配粉面团和馒头品质的影响,分析了混配粉面团粉质特性、馒头质构特性和感官品质以及馒头加工过程中多酚含量和抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明,添加10%和20%藜麦粉的3种藜麦混配粉馒头均能保持较好的弹性、黏聚性和回复性,且感官评价总分均在82分以上,而添加30%藜麦粉严重降低了馒头品质。3种藜麦混配粉馒头的多酚含量均显著高于高筋小麦粉馒头(40. 39 mg GAE/100g),尤其添加20%藜麦粉的黑藜麦混配粉馒头最高(165. 41 mg GAE/100g)。在藜麦馒头加工过程中,抗氧化活性降低。与小麦馒头相比,添加20%藜麦粉的馒头抗氧化活性显著增加,其中,添加黑藜麦粉的馒头抗氧化活性最高(ORAC值为2 624. 4μmol TE/100g)。3种藜麦粉的适宜添加比例为20%,此添加比例可以在保证藜麦混配粉馒头品质的同时有效提高馒头的抗氧化活性。     

Statistical evaluation of different technological and rheological tests of Polish wheat varieties for bread volume prediction

Forty‐two Polish wheat flour were used to establish correlation coefficients between protein content, Zeleny test, falling number value, amylograph viscosity, farinograph water absorption, bread volume and rheological properties of dough, as shown by use of a extrusion chamber and alveograph. The equations expressing the changes of bread volume and flour water absorption as a function of significantly correlated parameters were calculated. The correlations and their significance depended on wheat quality and the alveographic parameters were significantly correlated with the dough extrusion parameters. The dough extrusion parameters were significantly correlated only with the water absorption of soft wheats. The dough rheological tests were correlated to a greater extent with the values of the Zeleny test than to the protein content. The prediction of the bread volume as a function of flour quality parameters and dough rheological properties was best done by grouping wheat varieties into specific qualitative classes.     

面包老化研究中新技术及研究进展

面包在中国市场上所占比重越来越大同时,面包老化问题也越来越引起人们关注。该文综述近红外、核磁共振、差示热量扫描几种新技术在面包老化研究中应用进展,旨在对面包老化研究工作起到一定指导意义。     

一九九九年度日本新发表的葡萄品种

近年来,日本葡萄新品种登录发表很活跃,速度较快。从1990年到1997年统计,平均每年有3个以上新品种登录,目前还有30多个优良单系将陆续登录发表。以下把日本近几年登录和1999年秋向生产上发表提供推广的葡萄新品种介绍如下。1 黑峰日文名：ダ－ケリジ;英文名：Darkridge属欧美杂种。该品种系日本农林水产省果树试验场,安芸津柿、葡萄分场选育的品种。亲本：巨峰×301-1（巨峰×ナィアブル）,系4倍体欧美杂种。1975年杂交,1983年开始到1990年在日本北海道,东北地区进行了耐寒性试验。1992年开始在19个府、县系统地进行了适应性试验。…