水温差在线监测系统在高炉中的应用

介绍了莱钢型钢炼铁厂3#高炉利用高炉冷却壁进出水温差实施炉体检测的装备配置和通过水温差及时判断冷却水管漏水、堵塞等故障,有利于延长冷却壁的寿命。且该系统软件界面友好、直观,对准确判断、分析高炉炉况有直接的帮助意义。     

控制爆破技术在高炉冷却壁拆除中的应用

闸述了用微差控制爆破技术拆除高炉冷却壁的方法,并结合本钢高炉冷却壁的情况,分析了药包布置的原则、炸药量计算的方法、合理微差时间计算的原则以及最佳起爆网络的安排等问题.     

高炉冷却壁安装工艺技术

本文介绍了一种高炉冷却壁安装施工工艺。该工艺通过自行研制的液压推顶装置解决了冷却壁安装过程中的横向位移问题及循环冷却水管穿过炉壳孔洞的就位问题,保证了施工工期和施工安全、有效地降低了施工成本,可供同类工程参考借鉴。     

汉钢1号高炉提高富氧冶炼存在的问题及应对措施

本文介绍了汉钢1号高炉提高富氧率后冷却壁烧穿、煤气流分部絮乱、顶温失控等失常现象,及通过采取有力措施使高炉逐步转顺的过程。     

高炉采用栽冷却棒压入修补造衬技术实践

港陆3＃高炉炉腰、炉身下部冷却壁大量损坏,炉皮变形开裂严重,高炉生产难以维持,采用栽冷却棒压人修补造衬技术,形成合理的操作炉型,保护炉壳,取得良好的效果。     

安钢高炉喷煤系统优化

安钢高炉喷煤系统分350m3高炉区、450m3高炉区、2000m3级高炉区三个系统。区域分散、占地面积大、岗位需求人员多,既不利于安全管理、也不利于降低生产成本和清洁生产,对于厂区面积异常狭小的安钢而言,对三个系统进行优化组合十分重要。     

高炉热流强度高精度检测分析系统设计

正一、引言延长高炉寿命可以有效提高高炉生产效率,降低高炉维修和大修的巨额费用,是高炉稳定运行、高效低耗的重要保证。在高炉炉役期间,炉缸炉底的内衬侵蚀状况直接反应在冷却壁热流强度上,热流强度计算公式如下:q=cMΔt/F(1)     

炼铁高炉炉衬爆破拆除

介绍鞍钢炼铁厂11#高炉大修工程中爆破拆除高炉炉衬的过程．采用爆破方法先破坏炉衬环型砌体结构,再爆破冷却壁之上衬砖,使村砖局部悬空,在重力作用下脱落,达到安全、快速拆除衬砖的目的。     

炼铁高炉炉衬爆破拆除

本文介绍靶钢炼铁厂１１＾＃高炉大修工程中爆破拆除高炉炉衬的过程。采用爆破方法先破坏炉衬环型砌体结构,再爆破冷却壁之上衬砖,使衬砖局部悬空,在重力作用下脱落,达到安全,快速拆除衬砖的目的。     

测温在高炉软水循环系统中的应用

1概述目前，国内外高炉上相继应用了软水密闭循环冷却技术，这是促进高炉长寿的一项新技术。但是，如何及时发现冷却壁水管的漏水，以便及时修复的问题却一直未能很好的解决，严重威胁高炉的生产与安全。以前大部分是由人工查找，不仅影响高炉的生产，还存在人身安全问题，这是国内钢铁工业一大难题。为此，我们与有关单位共同进行研究、探讨，开发了一套计算机巡回监测系统，即通过对水量和水温变化的监测，进行趋势预报，泄漏报警，并得到高炉的热负荷等附加参数。本文主要讨论测温检漏的机理。2系统的构成系统框图如图1。图1巡回监测系统…     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...