纳米TiO2复合材料的研究进展

综述了纳米TiO2复合材料的基本类型、基本结构及其电荷转移过程,着重探讨了纳米TiO2复合材料对光催化活性的影响,简要分析导致光催化活性提高的影响因素,并对纳米TiO2复合材料在光催化领域的研究和应用提出了展望.     

硅掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及光电催化活性的研究

通过电化学沉积,在阳极氧化法制备的高度有序TiO2纳米管阵列表面均匀地沉积Si元素.扫描电子显微照片显示Si掺杂的TiO2纳米管垂直于基底定向生长.X射线衍射分析表明,所引入的Si可能掺入到TiO2的晶格中,因而提高了TiO2的热稳定性,抑制了金红石相的生成及晶粒的长大.紫外-可见漫反射分析表明Si掺杂的TiO2纳米管吸收边带发生了明显的蓝移,并且在紫外区的吸收强度明显增强.与未掺杂的TiO2纳米管相比,Si掺杂TiO2纳米管电极的紫外光电化学响应显著提高,其光电流密度是未掺杂的1.48倍.硅掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列光电催化降解五氯酚的动力学常数(1.651h-1)是未掺杂TiO2纳米管电极(0.823h-1)的2.0倍.     

纳米TiO2/丝素复合膜的制备及其机械性能研究

为获得良好强度的纳米TiO2/丝素复合膜,在丝素蛋白溶液中添加了纳米TiO2,采用复合法,通过控制配比,pH等条件制备了不同形态的复合膜,并以普通丝素膜作对照,用AFM,EDS和IR对复合膜进行了表征,在此基础上,研究了复合膜的机械性能.实验结果表明,复合膜制备方法合理,当W(TiO2)=1/1000时,纳米TiO2以粒径50nm左右均匀分散于复合膜中,纳米TiO2的加入,促进了丝素无规卷曲构象向β-折叠构象的转化,使复合膜表现出较丝素膜更优异的机械强度.     

TiO2光催化剂在污水处理领域中应用

在污水中存在着各很多污染类型，化工废水、农药废水、无机废水等，利用TiO2光催化剂可以利用清洁能源太阳能来完成对污水的处理。     

纳米Black TiO2的研究进展

利用太阳能从水中产生氢和去除环境中有机污染物的半导体光催化技术被认为是极具发展潜力的技术之一,其中TiO_2纳米材料被视为主要的光催化剂受到了重点研究,但高的光生载流子复合率和较宽的带隙导致其实际应用受到严重制约,通过制备在表面产生Ti 3+和氧空位缺陷的Black TiO_2有望解决这一问题。综述了Black TiO_2光催化材料的研究进展,并对其应用和发展前景进行了展望。     

纳米TiO2改性内墙涂料研究

主要研究了纳米TiO2的加入对内墙涂料性能的影响。结果表明,加入2%纳米TiO2能极大地提高涂料降解甲醛的能力,但加入4%纳米TiO2反而使涂料的性能变差。涂料的常规性能研究也表明,加入少于2%的纳米TiO2对涂料的常规性能会有极大的提高。     

光催化剂纳米TiO2改性技术的研究进展

综述了纳米TiO2光催化剂与吸附剂、粘土、碳黑、强氧化剂、过氧化氢、表面超强酸化、表面多孔化和冲击波活化等新型提高光催化活性的技术,介绍了近年来新发展起来的超声波、微波、等离子体、电化学、生物化学与光催化反应结合的几种高效光催化的研究现状与进展,并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

纳米TiO2对甲基橙溶液光催化降解的研究

采用硬脂酸法制备了平均粒径为15 nm且为锐态矿型的TiO2纳米光催化剂粉末.用此粉末制作的涂层进行光催化反应,涂层中TiO2浓度增加、甲基橙pH值降低等因素都将加速催化反应的进行,其中甲基橙pH值的影响更为显著.实验也证明,光催化反应是在TiO2纳米光催化剂特定的催化活化点进行的,而活化点也是可以迁移的.     

掺铁TiO2纳米晶的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯溶液为前驱体，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺杂量的Fe^3 -TiO2干凝胶，在空气气氛中于400℃焙烧2h，得到锐钛矿相的纳米晶，用TG-DTA，XRD，DRS，FS等手段对其进行了表征，研究结果表明，掺杂铁离子使二氧化钛纳米晶的粒径变小，吸收带边发生红移，荧光峰明显增强，分别以汞灯和氙灯为光源，通过对染料罗丹明B的光催化降解研究，发现掺入0.01?^3 -TiO2与纯TiO2相比具有更好的催化活性，掺杂量增大后，光催化降解率反而下降。     

负载型TiO2光催化在污水处理中的应用

近年来,各地水污染事件频发,用水安全问题得不到保障,水污染治理形势严峻,人们的健康受到了严重的威胁。常规的水处理工艺处理对成分复杂、生化性差的污水处理效果不佳,严重影响了人们用水的安全性。TiO_2光催化技术作为一种绿色节能的技术,在水处理方面得到广泛的研究,但是悬浮态的TiO_2具有易流失、难以回收、易团聚等缺点,因此负载型的TiO_2催化系统已成为当前光催化剂研究的热点方向。对TiO_2负载载体的类型及其优缺点、负载方法进行了总结,简要阐述了负载型TiO_2在水处理的应用,并展望了负载型TiO_2的发展前景。     

Structure and Properties of Modified Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Nano-TiO2

The nano-TiO2/unsaturated polyester resin (referred to as nano-TiO2/UPR hereafter) was prepared with the “reaction method“, by which a chemical bond generated between nano-TiO2 and UP was inserted in the UP long chain. The performance of the nano-TiO2/UPR was determined by such a new structure. The research results showed that the reactivity of nano-TiO2/UPR is higher than that of UPR. The impact strength and bending strength of nano-TiO2/UPR are greatly enhanced as compared with that of UPR. Thermal resistance and dielectric property of nano-TiO2/UPR are the same as that of UPR.     

纳米TiO2在46^#机械油中的稳定性及摩擦学性能研究

利用分光光度法研究表面活性剂对纳米TiO2在46^#机械油中分散性能的影响,确定了最佳表面活性剂及其最佳添加量,用四球摩擦磨损试验机比较了不同质量分数,结果表明,油酸对纳米TiO2在46^#机械油中的分散效果影响最为显著,最佳添加量为1.4wt%;纳米TiO2的引入能明显改善46^#机械油的摩擦学性能,当添加浓度为0.6%时,油品的极压性能比基础油提高144%。     

化学镀镍废水的处理及其利用

根据化学镀镍工艺及其废液的特点，讨论了化学镀液中添加的各种络合剂及其助剂对废液处理的影响，提出了采用两步化学沉淀、氧化及添加DTC联合处理化学镀镍废水的方法，阐述了该处理工艺的特点及存在的问题，对于小型化学镀镍企业处理其镀镍废水有一定的参考价值。     

磁控溅射制备纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解苯酚的研究

采用射频磁控溅射方法分别在玻璃、A1片和ITO玻璃上制备出性能优良的TiO2纳米薄膜,研究了薄膜光催化性能.通过XRD、SEM和UV-Vis吸收光谱对薄膜进行表征,研究了不同退火温度和不同衬底对薄膜光催化性能的影响.结果表明:薄膜经500℃退火处理,TiO2由非晶转变为锐钛矿结构,并且退火后薄膜的紫外吸收波长发生红移,光催化降解性能提高;比较玻璃、ITO玻璃和A1为衬底制备的TiO2薄膜,以A1片为衬底的TiO2薄膜,由于形成Schottky势垒,光催化性更好.     

Combined electrocoagulation and TiO(2) photoassisted treatment applied to wastewater effluents from pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries

The treated wastewater consists of refractory materials and high organic content of hydrolyzed peptone residues from pharmaceutical factory. The combination of electrocoagulation (EC) followed by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO(2)) conditions was maximized. The EC: iron cathode/anode (12.50 cmx2.50 cmx0.10 cm), current density 763Am(-2), 90min and initial pH 6.0. As EC consequence, the majority of the dissolved organic and suspended material was removed (about 91% and 86% of the turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively). After EC, refractory residues still remained in the effluent. The subsequent photocatalysis: UV/TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) (mercury lamps), pH 3.0, 4h irradiation, 0.25gL(-1) TiO(2) and 10mmolL(-1) H(2)O(2) shows high levels of inorganic and organic compounds eliminations. The obtained COD values: 1753mgL(-1) for the sample from the factory, 160mgL(-1) after EC and 50mgL(-1) after EC/photocatalyzed effluents pointed out that the combined treatment stresses this water purification.     

高压脉冲电凝系统治理电镀涂装废水

高压脉冲电凝系统（High Voltage Electrocagulation System)为当今世界新一代电化学水处理设备，对表面处理，涂装废水以及电镀混合废水中的铬、锌，镍 ，铜、镉、氰化物，磷，油等污染物有显著的治理效果，是较理想的表面处理综合废水治理新工艺。     

Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Research and Developments

Wastewater treatment is a process that is vital to protecting both the environment and human health. At present, the most cost-effective way of treating wastewater is with biological treatment processes such as the activated sludge process, despite their long operating times. However, population increases have created a demand for more efficient means of wastewater treatment. Fluidization has been demonstrated to increase the efficiency of many processes in chemical and biochemical engineering, but it has not been widely used in large-scale wastewater treatment. At the University of Western Ontario, the circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor (CFBBR) was developed for treating wastewater. In this process, carrier particles develop a biofilm composed of bacteria and other microbes. The excellent mixing and mass transfer characteristics inherent to fluidization make this process very effective at treating both municipal and industrial wastewater. Studies of lab- and pilot-scale systems showed that the CFBBR can remove over 90% of the influent organic matter and 80% of the nitrogen, and produces less than one-third as much biological sludge as the activated sludge process. Due to its high efficiency, the CFBBR can also be used to treat wastewaters with high organic solid concentrations, which are more difficult to treat with conventional methods because they require longer residence times; the CFBBR can also be used to reduce the system size and footprint. In addition, it is much better at handling and recovering from dynamic loadings (i.e., varying influent volume and concentrations) than current systems. Overall, the CFBBR has been shown to be a very effective means of treating wastewater, and to be capable of treating larger volumes of wastewater using a smaller reactor volume and a shorter residence time. In addition, its compact design holds potential for more geographically localized and isolated wastewater treatment systems.     

纳米TiO2光催化材料在环境土壤修复中的应用研究进展

近年来对土壤污染的综合治理和修复已经成为环保领域的一个研究热点,光催化技术修复污染土壤是一种操作简便、费用低廉、无二次污染和具有广阔发展前景的新兴技术。分析了光催化技术修复污染土壤的原理,并综述了近年来纳米 TiO2光催化材料在土壤有机物污染物(农药、芳香族类和石油类等)的降解以及重金属离子(Ag+、Cr6+等)的光催化还原研究进展,并提出了未来的发展方向和建议。     

膜分离技术及其在重金属废水处理中的应用

膜技术作为一种新型分离技术,在处理废水的同时又能回收重金属离子,因而在重金属废水处理中得到了较为广泛的应用.介绍了各种膜分离技术的结构、特点、分离原理、所用膜材料及制膜方法,并较全面地综述了各种膜技术在重金属废水处理中的应用,最后指出膜技术目前存在的问题及发展动向.     

Photo-reductive decolorization of an azo dye by natural sphalerite: Case study of a new type of visible light-sensitized photocatalyst

Natural sphalerite, which represents a new class of mineral-based catalyst, was characterized and investigated for photo-reduction of an azo dye methyl orange (MO) under visible light. After 2 h of visible light irradiation, a complete decolorization of the MO solution was achieved. The degradation rate was related to the pH conditions. Spectra from FT-IR analysis indicate an initial adsorption of MO to sphalerite via its sulfonate group. Further reduction of the adsorbed MO by sphalerite under light irradiation led to the destruction of the azo structure, as indicated by the results from UV–vis, FT-IR and ESI-MS analyses. The visible light-induced photocatalytic reductive activity of natural sphalerite was mainly attributed to the distribution of foreign metal atoms in its crystal lattice, which reduces the intrinsic bandgap of sphalerite and also broadens its spectra responding range. In addition, the high conduction band potential of natural sphalerite may also enhance the photo-reduction of MO.