固溶时效对热轧态QAl10.9-5-5合金组织及性能的影响

采用OM、XRD等分别研究了850~980℃固溶、350~650℃时效工艺对热轧态QAl10.9-5-5合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,热轧态QAl10.9-5-5合金中未溶的α、κ相逐步固溶到高温组织中,并在室温组织中以β′相出现,当固溶温度升至925℃时,合金基本为单一均匀的β′相组织,此时硬度达到最大值;在随后的时效过程中,随着时效温度的升高,原子扩散速率加快,细小的κ相不断从β′相中析出,并产生明显的沉淀强化作用;当时效温度为450℃,保温2h时,合金硬度值可达326HB;继续升高时效温度,合金中开始出现大量的α相,从而导致其硬度随之下降。综合比较,热轧态QAl10.9-5-5合金的较佳热处理工艺为925℃×1h固溶、450℃×2h时效。     

FeNiCrWMoTi合金中γ′数量和尺寸及其强硬化效应

研究了Fe-28Ni-13Cr-1W-1.5Mo-2Ti-0.5Nb-0.2Al高温合金不同时效状态下γ′相的数量和尺寸对强硬化效应的影响。在16h时效条件下，随时效温度升高（在650-730℃），由于γ′粒子尺寸增大速率较小（从7-14nm)，其数量显著增多，因而合金的硬化效应增大；温度在730-760℃时，在位错的Orowan绕过机制启动之前，虽然γ′相数量随时效温度升高继续增多，但由于尺寸显著增大，合金的硬化效应明显降低。在位错以切割方式通过γ′粒子的尺寸范围内，沉淀出精细粒子的合金状态比析出相同数量粗大γ′粒子的合金状态具有更高的室温硬化效应。     

ZL211A合金组织与性能研究

研究了ZL211A合金的铸造状态和热处理状态的组织和力学性能,进行了合金熔炼、铸造、热处理、力学性能测试、微观组织和拉伸断口形貌观察等试验.结果表明,ZL211A合金的铸态金相组织主要由α(Al)、CuAl2和T(Al12CuMn2)相组成,力学性能较低,不能满足航空结构材料的要求,必须经热处理强化后才能使用;热处理状态的金相组织主要由α(A1)、T(Al12 CuMn2)相、θ″相和θ′相组成,经过二级固溶处理再人工时效后,即在535℃±5℃,保温7h,再升温到545+3-5℃,保温7h,淬入50～60℃的热水中,然后在165℃±5℃人工时效7h,可获得优良的综合力学性能.ZL211A合金拉伸试样断口表现为延性断裂,其微观形貌均为韧窝和撕裂棱,韧窝的大小和深浅有所不同.     

热处理制度对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al组织性能的影响

本文研究了不同固溶和时效温度对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金组织和性能的影响,结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高(700—820℃),组织中的α相含量减少,β相含量增加。时效处理可以提高β基体强度,使材料的强度随固溶温度的升高而升高,塑性下降;随着时效温度的升高(420—620℃),合金的组织成分更加均匀,塑性明显提高,但强度下降。760℃/2h固溶+520℃/8h时效,材料的综合性能最好。     

不同热处理工艺对TC4-DT钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对TC4-DT钛合金棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:TC4-DT合金在两相区经过普通退火和再结晶退火后组织发生再结晶,α相尺寸有所增大,具有较好的塑性。经过两相区固溶+时效处理得到双态组织,通过控制固溶时冷却速度及时效温度来调整次生α片层厚度,使得合金强度和断裂韧性得到改善。经单相区固溶水冷得到马氏体组织,随时效温度提高,α片层厚度增加,但析出的次生α相含量减少,导致合金的强度和断裂韧性有所下降。而在单相区固溶空冷+高温时效处理,获得的α片层厚度进一步增大,有助于提高塑性和断裂韧性。采用950℃/1h/WQ+550℃/6h/AC两相区固溶+时效的热处理工艺,可实现合金强度、塑性、韧性的较好匹配,获得优良的综合性能。     

5A01高镁铝合金的PLC效应及其力学性能

采用DSC、金相组织观察、透射电子显微镜及室温拉伸实验研究了5A01(6.13wt%Mg)高镁铝合金的组织、锯齿屈服(PLC)效应及不同应变速率下的力学性能。结果表明:淬火态、150℃/1h时效和350℃/1h时效三种状态合金中均分布有β相,但以150℃/1h时效态合金中的β相数量最多;在150℃时效,随时效时间(1～72h)的延长,合金的PLC效应减弱;在时效时间为1h时,随时效温度150℃升高到350℃,合金的PLC效应增强;在应变速率为6.66×10-4s-1时,淬火态、150℃/1h及350℃/1h时效态合金的极限抗拉强度和延伸率变化不大,在应变速率为8×10-5s-1时,150℃/1h时效态合金的极限抗拉强度最高,延伸率最低;5A01铝合金的PLC效应及不同应变速率下力学性能变化的机理,可利用固溶Mg原子和位错相互作用理论进行合理解释。     

固溶时间对半固态挤压成形Al-17Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用半固态挤压成形工艺制备过共晶Al-17Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金,研究固溶时间对过共晶Al-17Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明,随着固溶时间的增加,Si相出现球化,固溶时间为10 h时,共晶Si的圆整度为0.72.铸态下Si相周围富集较高浓度的Cu元素,固溶1 h后,Cu元素快速固溶到基体中.固溶时间从1 h增加到16 h,在XRD曲线上的θ(Al2 Cu)和Q(Al5 Si6 Cu2 Mg8)相的衍射峰强降低,合金基体中的位错密度大量减少.经180℃,时效处理12 h后,组织中析出针状的θ'相和短棒状的Q'相.随着固溶时间的增加,合金强度值呈现"双峰"现象.固溶1h后,合金的抗拉强度为269 MPa,屈服强度为233 MPa,与未热处理合金相比,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高了43.3％和42.7％,合金强度的提高是由于在固溶初期基体中仍有较大的位错密度,时效处理后析出相对位错有较强的钉扎阻碍作用.固溶时间为10 h时,合金的抗拉强度为311 MPa,屈服强度为263 MPa,达到第二个强度峰值,Si相的圆整化和细小析出相的弥散强化作用是形成第二个强度峰的主要原因.     

激光快速重熔对铸造共晶铝合金组织及性能的影响

本文对含稀土铸造共晶铝合金(ZL108)激光重熔组织进行了变时及变温时效处理,与固溶加时效样品相比,激光重熔组织的显微硬度峰值,在HV—H曲线上后移两小时,在HV—T曲线上后移20℃。激光重熔组织比固溶加时效组织具有较好的耐磨性。该两种工艺样品的磨损量随时效时间及时效温度的变化规律与显微硬度随时效时间及时效温度的变化规律完全一致。激光重熔组织细且耐时效,铝枝晶沿 <100> 晶向生长,θ′相沿{100}晶面析出,该θ′相可使显微硬度和耐磨性得到提高。     

热处理工艺对TB2钛合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对TB2钛合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,该合金在730℃以上固溶处理已经开始再结晶,在730～820℃之间处理的样品强度和延伸率变化不大;在760℃固溶处理3 min,再结晶已经开始,保温时问≥20 min时晶粒变得相当粗大;合适的固溶处理制度为760℃,10 min;在固溶处理制度相同,时效时间为2 h,时效温度变化对强度和塑性影响大不;时效时间延长至8 h,随时效温度升高,Rm,RP0.2呈下降趋势;760℃,10 min固溶处理加500℃,8 h时效处理后,凡值最高可达到1 360 MPa.     

热处理对GH783合金组织与性能的影响

研究了抗氧化型低膨胀高温合金GH783的热处理制度.结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,晶粒有所长大,在1140℃固溶晶粒开始不均匀长大;室温拉伸强度有所下降,高温拉伸塑性有所升高,持久塑性在1115℃固溶时最高.随着β时效温度的升高,二次β相明显增多,γ′相也发生比较明显的变化;在845℃进行β时效,合金可以获得良好的组织和综合性能.     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.