我国聚丙烯工业发展现状及前景分析

分析了我国聚丙烯工业的发展现状及前景。2012年,我国聚丙烯生产能力达到1296.7万t,2011年的表观消费量达到1341.72万t,预计2015年消费量将达到约1600.0万t,未来我国聚丙烯行业仍具有较好的发展前景。但随着新建装置产能的不断增加以及中东低价聚丙烯产品的大量拥入,未来市场竞争将更加激烈。国内相关企业今后应该继续新技术开发,调整产品结构,积极扩大出口,以确保行业健康、快速发展。     

陶氏化学与青海大美签订PP技术协议

陶氏化学和青海大美煤业公司近日就大美40万吨／年聚丙烯（PP）装置采用陶氏化学UNIPOL技术签订胁议。UNIPOL聚丙烯工艺是一种可生产全范围聚丙烯产品的全气相工艺，其设计简单、产品质量稳定均一，能效高，不需要溶剂的处理、分离和回收设施。     

聚丙烯树脂生产的危险性

随着化学工业的发展和进步，聚丙烯树脂生产得到了广泛的应用，有效的推动了化工行业的发展。于此同时聚丙烯树脂生产自身存在着较大的危险性，需要采取有效的对策减少其危险性。本文笔者就聚丙烯树脂生产的危险性进行了分析，重点探讨了聚丙烯树脂生产的安全措施，目的是为聚丙烯树脂的生产提供指导和借鉴，进而提高聚丙烯树脂生产的安全性。     

30万吨／年聚丙烯三通球阀开度不到位的分析、解决

30万吨，年聚丙烯XV3001、XV3002、XV3101三台三通球阀不能全开，严重影响开工。本文主要阐述了故障现象的分析及对设备本身进行的调整、修理，并且对球阀执行机构的改造提出了建议，确保其能够安全、长期的在线使用。     

热致相分离制备聚丙烯微孔膜微观结构的研究

对热致相分离制备的聚丙烯中空纤维微孔膜微观结构进行了分析研究．研究表明，通过改变稀释剂、聚丙烯浓度和成核剂种类及浓度，可以改变聚丙烯微孔膜的形态、孔结构和孔径大小．     

天津阳光塑料有限公司开发成功防雾膜镭射膜新产品

天津阳光塑料有限公司成立于1995年的天津阳光塑料有限公司是由日本国株式会社德山、日本国双日株式会社共同投资兴办的专门从事BOPP薄膜制造和销售的独资企业。该公司以双向拉伸聚丙烯塑料薄膜为生产、销售及售后服务；以及与前款相关产品的深加工、销售及售后服务为主。该公司1998年开业，投资3800万美元，年生产聚丙烯双向拉伸规模1．4万吨。     

β晶型成核剂改性纤维级聚丙烯Z30S

研究了β晶型成核剂(酰胺化合物)成核改性纤维级聚丙烯Z30S的力学性能，进行了广角X射线衍射和DSC分析。发现成核改性后生成了β晶型聚丙烯，因而聚丙烯Z30S的冲击性能提高。通过纺丝-拉伸实验和对纤维进行广角X射线衍射分析、SEM观察，发现成核改性纤维在纺丝拉伸过程中发生了晶型转变，产生大量微孔隙。     

云母增强β型聚丙烯

研究了云母填充β型聚丙烯体系，比较了云母填充α、β型聚丙烯的力学性能，结果发现，体系中加入PP-g-MAH界面改性剂时，β型体系力学性能优于α型．同时通过广角X射线衍射(WAXD)分析了云母和PP—g-MAH加入对β型聚丙烯晶型、晶体结构参数如微晶尺寸等的影响．发现云母的加入使PP微晶尺寸有所增加，聚丙烯的晶胞参数变小，而PP—-g-MAH作用基本相反，PP—g-MAH不利于β型聚丙烯的形成，但利于云母的取向，从而利于力学强度的提高．     

聚丙烯的耐候性研究

未经稳定化的聚丙烯在自然环境中受光和热的影响，极易自动光氧化降解(老化)而破坏不能使用，人们常借助添加稳定剂的措施来增进它的耐候性。通过受阻胺类、受阻酚类以及键合氮氧改性型等对聚丙烯熔体状态的研究，较全面地分析了聚丙烯的耐候性行为及含氮氧基团助剂对增进聚丙烯耐候性行为方面的作用。从研究结果可知，键合型聚丙烯不仅可行，而且耐候性和耐溶剂抽提性能非常优越。     

我国绿色环保油墨的现状及发展

长期以来，我国在软包装印刷中一直使用溶剂型印刷油墨。其中大部分属于氯化聚丙烯体系油墨，这种氯化聚丙烯体系油墨以甲苯做溶剂和稀释剂，所以被称为溶剂型油墨，也称甲苯油墨。据资料显示，我国印刷企业总数约为1O万家左右，2007年我国的油墨产量已达到25万吨，消耗甲苯为28万吨。预计到2010年我国油墨产量将达到35万吨，如果继续使用溶剂，就要消耗甲苯39万吨。溶剂型油墨因含有苯等一些不易挥发有毒物质，通过包装有可能渗透到食品中，给消费者的食品安全造成潜在的威胁。     

二氧化碳气压力能和自然冷量利用的研究

为了便于贮存和运输，需将二氧化碳气在一定温度和压力下，进行液化。通过对吉林万金塔地区地下二氧化碳资源的组分，各井井底静压、流压、静温、流温及不同季节不同深度地下温度等因素的研究，制定出了充分合理利用二氧化碳气压力能和自然冷量方案，并于2002年初应用到吉林石油集团3t／h液化二氧化碳装置上，已取得了明显经济效益。这一技术属国内首创，即将推广应用到新开发研制的3万t／a高纯二氧化碳液化装置上，每年可增加近1万t工业级液体二氧化碳产品，可获得可观的经济效益。     

挤压造粒机粉料秤工作曲线的回归及其应用

化二车间七万吨／年聚丙烯装置的挤压造粒系统采用的是德国WP公司技术。针对运行中粉料秤出现故障造成挤压造粒机系统停车的问题，通过采集运行数据利用回归分析的方法找出生产负荷与下料旋转阀变频器控制频率之间的对应函数关系，以便用于生产实践。     

涤纶长丝装置空调运行问题分析及改造

介绍了9万吨/年涤纶长丝装置空调运行状况，并对其运行过程中出现的问题进行了分析，提出了相应的技术改造措施。     

Hazardous waste reduction from mixed acid titanium etching

This paper presents the findings of a technical study performed by the New York State Pollution Prevention Institute at Rochester Institute of Technology to evaluate process modifications that would reduce hazardous waste generated from the manufacture of titanium alloy turbine blades. This study focused on the acid etch process step in which titanium alloy turbine blades are immersed in a mixed nitric and hydrofluoric acid solution to chemically mill the blades; which is one of a sequence of finishing steps. The spent acid is a hazardous waste that is sent off-site for disposal. A pollution prevention approach identified several process and operational improvements that would significantly reduce the amount of hazardous acid waste generated. Implementation of process improvements identified in this study resulted in reducing the quantity of hazardous waste generated from 502 tons/year in the Baseline year to less than 210 tons/year in Year 2, thereby resulting in a cost savings of nearly 43% per year. Full implementation of the study recommendations are expected to reduce the hazardous waste quantity to 71 tons/year, thereby achieving a cost savings of nearly 70% due to an 86% reduction in waste generation and a 66% reduction of total acid purchase and disposal costs.     

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on the Fracture Resistance of Dentin

An increased incidence of fracture has been reported in teeth where root canals were treated with calcium hydroxide. Edge chipping is one test used to measure the resistance of brittle materials to fracture. Presently, no studies have reported on edge chipping in teeth. This study evaluated the fracture resistance of human dentin exposed to calcium hydroxide for up to 60 days using the edge chipping method. Twelve recently extracted teeth were divided into a control group and three experimental groups with varying calcium hydroxide exposures. All teeth underwent pulpectomy via standard protocol. It was expected that the edge chip resistance would decrease as a function of exposure, but the results showed the converse. Chip resistance may reflect both the fracture resistance and the hardness of dentin, a quasi brittle material.     

乳化炸药生产过程自动控制系统的研制

文章简单介绍了一种万吨级多品种乳化炸药的生产工艺，并在此了详细阐述了乳化药各个生产环节和控制要求，以及实现相应控制过程的各检测、控制和调节仪表的选择方案。最后给出了乳化药厂自动控制系统的总体方案。     

Le froid, élément de la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde

Improving food security is now a basic and one of the most difficult problems of world food policy and economy. The problem exists because of the need for faster growth in food resources than population levels, especially in the developing countries where food consumption per capita is very low. If refrigeration processes can be constantly adjusted in form to meet the needs of food economy, they can play an important role in the following areas: food reserves; reducing losses in food production and turn-over; reducing seasonal variations; international food trade development; increasing the possibilities for the world fish economy; and frozen food production. The building up of foof resources and consequent stabilizing of the world's food situation became possible mainly through the existence of cold stores. The total volume of all multi- and one-branch cold stores can be estimated as ap; 1.5 × 10⁸ m³. The USA, Japan, USSR, Canada, UK, France and FRG are among the major shareholders of this global potential. This volume could provide storage for 4 × 10⁷ tons of food requiring refrigeration. This is the equivalent to 10 days food production in the world. Further development of cold storage is, therefore, necessary. Although the exact estimation of losses from food production and turn-over is very difficult, many experts evaluate these losses as 20–30%. Some of these experts estimate tthat wide-spread use of refrigeration could save 2.5 × 10⁸ tons of food from deterioration per year. This is equivalent to 80 kg for each person in the world. A decrease in seasonal variation in food production is necessary to adapt seasonal food production to constant consumption. Cold storage can allow a gap of several months between food production and its consumption. Refrigeration has enabled the development of large-scale international and intercontinental food trade. At present > 3 × 10⁷ tons of food per year is involved in world trade (i.e. meat, butter, bananas). After World War 2 the total weight of fish caught increased very quickly from 1.9 × 10⁷ tons in 1948 to 7.2 × 10⁷ tons in 1980. This was possible only because of the application of refrigeration, especially at sea in large oceans. Frozen food production is seen by some as the biggest achievement of the twentieth century in food technology. Production of frozen food has been estimated as ap; 3.0 × 10⁷ tons per year, exclusive of the 1.0 × 10⁷ tons of ice-cream. Increased world food security depends on refrigeration techniques developing at a faster rate than population growth, as well as the growth rate of world food production.     

聚丙烯造粒机螺杆磨损浅析

本文主要结合聚丙烯造粒机磨损经过及处理过程,分析磨损的可能原因,并提出避免磨损加剧的方案,直至最终解决方案。并在操作上、设计上蓰出相应的应对措施,以确保该机组能够长周期稳定运行。     

Fracture toughness, hardness and elastic modulus of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films deposited by chemical vapor deposition

Fracture toughness, hardness and elastic modulus of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films produced from butene gas deposited by chemical vapor deposition on silicon were measured by depth sensing indentation. Voltage bias varying from − 60 to − 400 V and pressures of 2 and 8 Pa were used for deposition. Cube corner indentation produces film chipping at loads lower than 400 mN. A new approach to measure toughness was proposed to determine the energy released during film chipping. Fracture toughness results from this new approach are in between of the ones obtained from methods proposed in the literature.     

Internationalization of mathematical research

Using sample data from the MathSciNet database from 1985 to 2000, we constructed the database and computer searching system of China's international cooperation in publication with other countries (or regions), and applied the international standard measure indexes of cooperation. The paper gives systematic scientific measure and evaluation of international mathematical research, especially for China. It also presents a matrix model of the cooperation network. During the 16 years, the trend toward cooperation of international mathematical research has increased substantially. The number of internationally co-authored papers increased at a speed of 6.99% per year in the word and at 15.91% per year in China. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.