聚酰亚胺/纳米Al_2O_3三层复合薄膜的制备

将掺杂纳米Al2O3的聚酰胺酸与未掺杂聚酰胺酸在玻璃板上逐层涂膜,热亚胺化制备了3层聚酰亚胺/纳米Al2O3复合薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对该薄膜的微观形貌进行了表征,测试了薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能及电击穿场强.结果表明,复合薄膜的热性能及电击穿场强均高于掺杂薄膜及未掺杂膜,当热失重达到10%时,复合薄膜的热分解温度达到了629.1℃;与掺杂薄膜相比,复合薄膜的力学性能得到明显提高,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为117.4 MPa和18.5%.     

反应溅射法制备铝掺杂氧化锆薄膜及其热稳定性的研究

采用反应射频磁控溅射在Si（100）基片上制备了不同微结构的铝掺杂氧化锆薄膜．利用高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜研究了退火温度对铝掺杂氧化锆薄膜热学稳定性、界面稳定性和表面粗糙度的影响，探讨了铝掺杂氧化锆薄膜的，I-V特性与薄膜的微观状态之间的关系．研究结果显示：在铝掺杂氧化锆薄膜中掺入不同量的Al对薄膜的微结构有较大影响，随着薄膜中Al／Zr原子含量比的增大，薄膜微结构经历从α—ZrO2（未掺杂）到t-（Zr，Al）O2相和c-（Zr，Al）O2相（Al／Zr=1／4）再到a-（Zr，Al）O2（Al／Zr=4／5）的变化；与纯ZrO2薄膜相比，Al掺杂氧化锆（Al／Zr=4／5）薄膜的结晶化温度明显提高，薄膜热学稳定性得到改善．     

纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化特性研究

以电化学方法合成的Al2O3多孔膜为基体，采用交流电沉积的方法在膜孔中沉积纳米TiO2，制备出纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜。对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征；对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化甲基橙溶液进行了研究。结果表明Al2O3／TiO2复合薄膜呈现出较好的光催化活性，电沉积TiO2的时间、热处理温度、选择不同光源照射均对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化活性有一定的影响。     

Al_2O_3:Ce~(3+)薄膜发光特性研究

用中频反应磁控溅射技术制备了Al2O3:Ce3+的非晶薄膜。这些薄膜的光致发光峰是在370～395 nm之间,它来自于Ce3+离子的5d1激发态向基态4f1的两个劈裂能级的跃迁。发光强度依赖于薄膜的掺杂浓度,并分析了产生这种关系的原因。Al2O3:Ce3+非晶薄膜发光特性在平板显示等领域有着广泛潜在的应用前景。     

泡沫镍负载TiO2和TiO2/Al2O3薄膜的光催化性能研究

以泡沫镍为载体，Al2O3作为过渡中间层，用溶胶-凝胶法在泡沫镍上负载锐钛矿相的TiO2薄膜，制成泡沫金属基的TiO2和TiO2／Al2O3光催化剂，利用XRD和FE-SEM等测试手段对其性质进行表征，用乙醛气体的光催化降解测试其活性．研究表明：泡沫镍负载的TiO2和TiO2／Al2O3薄膜具有良好的光催化活性，特别是TiO2／Al2O3薄膜具有更高的催化活性．这是由于负载的Al2O3过渡中间层增大了载体的比表面积，具有吸附浓缩作用，同时也增加了负载光催化剂的活性位数量．实验表明：TiO2／Al2O3薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性较单一的TiO2薄膜有非常显著的提高．     

TiO2/ Al2O3复合薄膜的亲水性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜，通过XRD、XPS、UV透射光谱的分析及薄膜表面接触角的测量，研究了Al2O3与TiO2配比、热处理温度、膜厚度等因素对复合膜的亲水性、透光率的影响。结果表明：Al2O3的加入和膜厚度的增加均有利于TiO2薄膜亲水性的改善；热处理温度对TiO2／Al2O3复合膜的亲水性有较大影响，其中经450℃热处理的薄膜亲水性最好；Al2O3的加入未降低复合膜的可见光透光率，其平均透光率大于80％。     

Y2O3、Al2O3掺杂对CeO2的烧结及电性能的影响

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同含量的Y2O3掺杂的CeO2粉体，并在4mol％Y2O3—CeO2粉体中掺入Al2O3，研究了各样品的烧结性能和电性能。结果表明：适量的掺杂Y2O3能提高氧化铈的密度，但Y2O3含量超过4％mol后密度下降。一定量的Al2O3也能提高材料的烧结密度。随着Y2O3含量的增大，CeO2的电导先增大后减小，而掺入Al2O3对材料的电导不利。     

中频反应磁控溅射制备Al2O3:Ce3+薄膜的蓝色发光特性

本文用中频反应磁控溅射技术制备了Al2O3：Ce^3＋的非晶薄膜。这些薄膜的光致发光峰是在370nm到405nm范围内，它们来自于Ce^3＋的5d^1激发态向基态4f^1，的两个劈裂能级的跃迁。发光强度强烈的依赖于薄膜中的掺杂浓度和沉积时的基片温度。Ce^3＋含量和薄膜的化学成分是通过X射线散射能谱（EDS）测量的。薄膜发光是来自于氯化铈分子中的发光中心，而不是其他的掺杂Ce^3＋。随铈含量增加5d与4f之间的能量差减小，导致随铈含量增加光致发光峰向低能方向的移动。薄膜试样的晶体结构应用X射线衍射分析。俄歇电子谱用于对薄膜材料的化学组分进行定性分析。发射纯蓝光的Al2O3：Ce^3＋非晶薄膜在平板显示等领域有着广泛的潜在应用前景。     

Al2O3掺杂ZnO压敏陶瓷的晶粒生长研究

研究了Al2O3掺杂对ZnO压敏陶瓷晶粒生长规律的影响,应用晶粒生长动力学方程确定了晶粒生长的动力学指数和激活能.实验结果表明,对于Al2O3掺杂ZnO压敏陶瓷,其晶粒生长的动力学指数n等于4,激活能Q等于(400±26)kJ/mol.Al2O3掺杂ZnO压敏瓷的晶粒生长机理是ZnAl2O3尖晶石颗粒在ZnO压敏瓷晶粒边界钉扎过程中Al3+和O2-通过ZnAl2O4尖晶石的扩散.     

Al掺杂TiO2多孔薄膜的制备及其染料吸附性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在普通玻璃基底上制备了Al3+掺杂的TiO2薄膜,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计,分析了Al3+掺杂量对TiO2薄膜的微结构、表面形貌以及染料吸附特性的影响。结果表明:Al3+的掺杂能够抑制TiO2晶粒的生长,提高薄膜表面均匀度;但是Al3+含量过高,会造成当TiO2薄膜对染料的吸附量减小时,吸光度降低。因此,Al3+的掺杂量在TiO2摩尔量的1%左右时,薄膜具有较好的多孔结构和染料吸附量。     

Al2O3/TiO2/PVDF杂化超滤膜的制备及其性能研究

为提高聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜的亲水性,增强其在水处理中的抗污染能力,用无机纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化铝(Al2O3)与聚偏氟乙烯共混,采用相转化法制得无机改性有机高分子杂化超滤膜。采用杯式超滤装置考察了无机纳米颗粒的含量对杂化膜水通量的影响;测定了膜的纯水接触角、机械性能、截留效率和膜的孔径及孔径分布;采用扫描电子显微镜对膜表面进行观察。结果表明,纳米颗粒加入量为3%,TiO2与Al2O3的加入比为1∶1时,杂化膜的水通量较有机膜提高了79.5%,但截留率保持不变;杂化膜的机械强度最大增加41.6%;杂化膜的纯水接触角由未改性前的78.68°降至50.54°,亲水性得到明显改善;杂化膜的平均孔径增大,孔径分布更加均匀;纳米颗粒的加入增加了膜表面的孔密度,但没有改变膜断面的微观结构。杂化超滤膜不仅保持了PVDF膜的优良性能,而且增强了其强度、亲水性和抗污染性能。     

Biocompatibility studies of polyacrylonitrile membranes modified with carboxylated polyetherimide

Poly (ether-imide) (PEI) was carboxylated and used as the hydrophilic modification agent for the preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. Membranes were prepared with different blend compositions of PAN and CPEI by diffusion induced precipitation. The modified membranes were characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement to understand the influence of CPEI on the properties of the membranes. The biocompatibility studies exhibited reduced plasma protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on the modified membrane surface. The complete blood count (CBC) results of CPEI incorporated membranes showed stable CBC values and significant decrease in the complement activation were also observed. In addition to good cytocompatibility, monocytes cultured on these modified membranes exhibited improved functional profiles in 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Thus it could be concluded that PAN/CPEI membranes with excellent biocompatibility can be useful for hemodialysis.     

AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的制备及对金属离子吸附性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素(PAN/CA)纳米纤维膜,通过化学改性制备偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈/再生纤维素(AOPAN/RC)纳米纤维膜,研究了纳米纤维膜对单一金属离子(Fe~(3+))和混合金属离子(Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Fe~(3+))的吸附性能。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线能谱仪等测试对纳米纤维膜进行了表征,并通过静态接触角测定纳米纤维膜亲水性能。研究表明,改性后制备的AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的亲水性能得到较大改善,同时纳米纤维膜能够高效吸附溶液中的金属离子,纳米纤维膜对单一组分Fe~(3+)的饱和吸附可达411.21mg/g,对于混合金属离子溶液,纳米纤维膜对其吸附能力顺序为Fe~(3+)Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+),而且纳米纤维膜具备优良的重复使用能力。     

Plasma modification of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were modified by plasma treatments and plasma polymerization. Influences of plasma modifications on membrane characteristics were investigated. The obtained results indicated that plasma treatments using non-polymer-forming plasma gases such as Ar, He and O₂ led to the increase of membrane surface hydrophilicity and membrane permeability. By using O₂ plasma treatment, UF property of PAN membranes could be improved with the enhancement of membrane flux meanwhile its albumin rejection was almost maintained. The experimental results also showed that plasma polymerization using acrylic acid vapor as monomer and PAN UF membrane as a substrate led to the formation of reverse osmosis membrane due to the deposition of plasma polymer layer onto substrate membrane surfaces. Plasma techniques can control membrane pore size and have a potential to improve the membrane characteristics by using their advantages.     

Evaluation of tri-steps modified styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer membrane for wound dressing

Tri-steps modified styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) membrane was prepared with epoxidation, ring opening reaction with maleated ionomer and layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte technique. The tri-steps modified SBS membrane was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). The structures of the modified SBS membranes were identified with methylene blue and azocarmine G. The content of amino group on the surface of the modified membrane was calculated from uptake of an acid dye. The values of the contact angle, water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and the adsorption of fibronectin on the membranes were determined. To evaluate the biocompatibility of the tri-steps modified SBS membrane, the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and growth profile of the cell culture of 3T3 fibroblasts on the membrane were evaluated. The bactericidal activity was found on the modified SBS. From the cell culture of 3T3 fibroblasts on the membrane, it revealed that the cells not only remained viable but also proliferated on the surface of the tri-steps modified SBS membranes. As the membranes are sterile semipermeable with bactericidal activity and transparent allowing wound checks, they can be considered for shallow wound with low exudates.     

SPEEK/SiO2复合型质子交换膜的结构与性能

以磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)为基体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得了SPEEK/SiO2复合质子交换膜,采用扫描电镜、交流阻抗和热重分析等方法研究了复合膜的结构与性能。结果表明,SiO2与SPEEK之间的共价交联使两相间的相容性得到明显的改善,SiO2粒子以纳米尺寸均匀地分散在聚合物基体中。SiO2粒子的掺入使得复合膜的质子传导性能略有降低,但复合膜中SPEEK-SiO2-SPEEK这种共价交联结构的生成使膜的阻醇性能和溶胀性能得到了明显提高,热稳定性也有所提高。     

丝素蛋白对胶原膜性能改善的研究

天然高分子由于其良好的生物相容性而受到广泛的关注。本研究用酶法自制了具有一定水溶性的猪皮胶原。尝试利用丝素和胶原蛋白各自的优点。用简单的溶液浇铸法制备了胶原-丝素共混膜。并通过FTIR、TGA、SEM等手段对其结构进行了表征。结果表明。由于共混膜中俩组份间存在的分子间作用力，加入小于50％的丝素的胶原膜经乙醇处理后与纯胶原膜相比。其力学性能及热稳定性有所的改善。通过改变丝素比例可以调整共混膜的吸水性。由于两组分良好的生物相容性，预料该共混膜可用作生物材料。     

The effects of urease immobilization on the transport characteristics and protein adsorption capacity of cellulose acetate based hemodialysis membranes

In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) based hemodialysis membranes were prepared by a dry phase inversion method and the influences of urease immobilization on the clearing performance and protein adsorption capacity of the membranes were investigated. Permeation experiments have shown that modification of CA membranes with urease immobilization not only enhanced the transport rate of urea but also increased the permeation coefficients of uric acid and creatinine by changing the structure of the membrane. Furthermore, the protein adsorption capacity of the CA membranes decreased. On the other hand, the mechanical strength of the modified CA membrane did not change significantly compared with that of the unmodified one. A mathematical model was derived to determine the rate of mass transfer of urea through modified CA membranes. Model predictions along with the experimental data suggest that urease immobilization can be used as an alternative method in preparing CA based hemodialysis membranes with improved transport characteristics and biocompatibility through reduced protein adsorption capacities.     

聚砜类合金分离膜研究进展

介绍了 PSF类合金膜的特点、相容性及其对 PSF合金膜结构与性能的影响的研究进展。     

聚偏氟乙烯膜表面丙烯酸接枝改性研究

采用自由基接枝聚合反应制备了丙烯酸改性的聚偏氟乙烯膜,研究了单体浓度对接枝率的影响,测定了改性后样品的红外光谱、表面接触角、水通量、蛋白吸附等.结果表明,通过自由基接枝聚合,丙烯酸接枝到膜的表面,明显提高膜的亲水性.接枝后膜的水通量也非常明显下降,特别是在高丙烯酸浓度下.改性的膜的通量对溶液的pH值有明确的响应关系,表明接枝链在水中的溶胀对膜的性能有显著的影响.蛋白吸附实验表明,改性后的膜相比未改性膜有较高的吸附量,而且在酸性情况下,膜的吸附量较大,这主要与丙烯酸和蛋白质之间的相互作用有关.