2-甲基-8-（9，9-二丁基芴）-3，5，7-三炔-2-辛醇的合成和性质研究

合成了一种新颖的乙炔衍生物，2-甲基-8-（9，9-二丁基芴）-3，5，7-三炔-2-辛醇（6a），并利用红外光谱（IR），紫外光谱（Uv），核磁（NMR），质谱（MS）等对其结构进行了表征。利用红外光谱（IR）和紫外光谱（Uv）对其拓扑固相聚合性质进行了研究。实验结果表明，这些化合物在加热和紫外光照射条件下都能够发生固相聚合，但得到的是结构复杂的聚合物。     

2,4-己二炔-1,6-二乙基脲的合成及聚合反应

研究了一种时间-温度指示剂2,4-己二炔-1,6-二乙基脲的合成方法,用元素分析、飞行时间质谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、激光拉曼光谱和核磁共振对其结构进行了表征,并采用光密度计、红外光谱和紫外光谱对其聚合过程进行了初步研究。结果表明,该化合物在紫外灯照射和加热两种条件下,均可以发生固相聚合反应,但在紫外灯照射下的聚合速率要比加热条件下快得多。随着聚合程度的增加,化合物的颜色逐渐由白色变为蓝色甚至黑色,并具有时间累积效应,可以作为时间-温度指示剂使用。     

类金刚石薄膜的紫外辐照研究

对射频等离子体方法制备的类金刚石（以下简称DLC）薄膜样品进行了紫外辐照，采用电阻率，Raman光谱及红外光谱研究了紫外光（以下简称UV）辐照对DLC薄膜结构与特征的影响，Raman光谱表明：紫外光对DLC薄膜中SP^3C-H键的破坏作用非常明显，红外（IR）光谱结果进一步验证了这一结果，经UV辐照后，DLC薄膜的电阻率呈变小趋势，这说明薄膜被强烈氧化，最后呈现石墨化趋势。     

光引发1,1-二苯基乙烯法合成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚丙烯酸丁酯嵌段共聚物

在紫外光(UV)照射下,以1,1-二苯基乙烯(DPE)为自由基控制剂,2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙基酮(1173)为光引发剂,在室温引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)共聚,合成了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚丙烯酸丁酯嵌段共聚物。用红外光谱、核磁共振谱、紫外光谱及凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射技术对聚合物结构进行了表征,同时分析了聚合机理。研究表明,在室温UV照射及DPE存在下,1173能引发MMA聚合,生成具有可控相对分子质量及较窄相对分子质量分布的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,且DPE以一种半醌式结构存在于所生成的聚合物链中。该聚合物链可作为一种大分子引发剂,引发BA聚合,生成PMMA-b-PBA嵌段共聚物。     

铽（Ⅲ）-酰胺类复合纳米微球的制备及其光学性质初探

首次采用无皂乳液聚合的方法合成了N-乙烯基乙酰胺（NVA）与苯乙烯（St）的共聚物纳米微球，并使其与TbCl3进行配位反应，从而得到了Tb（Ⅲ）．聚（N-乙烯基乙酰胺-Co-苯乙烯）复合体系；分别用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（IR）、紫外光谱（UV）以及荧光光谱（RF）对样品进行表征，得到了微球的形态、结构和复合微球的光学性能等方面的信息。实验结果证明：制得的聚合物纳米微球由NVA与St的共聚物构成，其直径在150nm左右，微球表面光滑且颗粒的单分散性较好；Tb（Ⅲ）-聚（N-乙烯基乙酰胺-Co-苯乙烯）配合物体系中，聚合物配体在紫外光区有很好的吸光性能，并能有效地把能量传递给发光中心离子Tb（Ⅲ），从而在585nm处（对应于^5D4→^7D4电子跃迁）能够发出Tb（Ⅲ）的特征发射峰，表明共聚物纳米微球配体三重态能级与稀土Tb（Ⅲ）离子的最低激发态能级之间存在着良好的匹配，能量传递效率较高。     

铕-乙酰丙酮-丙烯酸配合物及其苯乙烯共聚物的研究

用三异丙氧基铕与乙酰丙酮、丙烯酸合成铕-乙酰丙酮-丙烯酸配合物[Eu（acac)2AA]，将其与苯乙烯共聚制得共聚物（Eu-CO-PS）。用元素分析、IR、UV、DMTA和荧光光谱表征其结构与性质，表明共聚物（EU-CO-PS）是发光性较强的一类新型高分子材料。     

7-羟基-4-氧-4H-异黄酮-2-甲酸及其乙酯的合成和光学性质

合成了7-羟基-4-氧-异黄酮-2-甲酸(3a)及其乙酯(3b)并用红外、核磁、质谱、元素分析进行了结构表征。研究了上述化合物在乙醇和水中的荧光光谱,并研究了不同pH值环境下,对该类化合物紫外光谱的影响。在不同pH值条件下,化合物3a和3b的吸收光谱呈现规律性的变化。其分子结构pH值的改变而发生有趣的变化。     

硫酸亚铁掺杂聚苯胺的固相合成及其电磁性能研究

采用七水硫酸亚铁与本征态聚苯胺的固相掺杂反应，获得了同时具有导电性和导磁性能的新型结构复合材料。考察了不同的掺杂反应条件对固相合成产物导电率和磁化率的影响，获得了适宜的固相合成条件。通过红外光谱（FT—IR）、现场紫外光谱（in—situ UV—vis）、元素分析、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段对合成产物进行了表征，测定了产物的室温电导率、质量磁化率及吸波电磁参数。实验结果表明，通过改变固相掺杂反应条件可以调控产物的电导率和磁化率，所得掺杂产物在2～18GHz微波范围内具有一定的介电损耗和磁损耗。     

表面修饰LaF3：Tb3＋纳米粒子的合成及敏化发光研究

以油酸（OA）作为表面修饰剂,在乙醇一水体系中合成了油酸修饰的LaF3：Tb3＋纳米粒子（OA—LaF3：Tb3＋）,用红外光谱（IR）、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外光谱（UV）、荧光光谱（FS）对所合成的纳米粒子进行了表征和荧光性能研究,结果表明,OA与纳米粒子发生了化学键合作用;所制备的纳米粒子在三氯甲烷中的溶解性很好;纳米粒子大小均匀,粒径约为10nm;纳米粒子的晶相为LaF,的六方体结构;在312nm紫外光激发下,纳米粒子发射Tbn的特征荧光,表明表面修饰剂OA对Tbn具有较好的敏化作用。     

樟脑磺酸原位聚合聚苯胺的性能研究

用樟脑横酸（HCSA）代替盐酸经原位聚合制备了樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺（PANI，HCSA．），并用红外，紫外和荧光光谱等表征，研究了梓脑磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺在不同的有机溶剂中的溶解性及可见－紫外光的吸收现象，结果表明，PANI．HCSA具有良好的导电性和溶解性，红外光谱显示聚苯胺苯环上有CSA－基因，UV－Vis吸收光谱表明，在不同的有机溶剂中，溶剂，聚苯胺，樟脑磺酸之间有不同的相互作用，从而使其体系具有不同的UV－Vis吸收光谱，PANL，HCSA荧光光谱与PANI荧光光谱相比，荧光强度降低，并红移至400nm。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from