聚丙烯(PP)/纳米二氧化硅SiO2复合材料的制备及其性能研究

纳米材料因其独特的性能而广泛应用于聚丙烯(PP)等高分子材料的改性.本文用纳米二氧化硅与PP共混进行改性,利用双螺杆共混方法制备聚丙烯(PP)/纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)复合材料,研究了聚丙烯(PP)/纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)复合材料的力学性能,采用熔融流变仪、XRD、SEM对熔体流动速率、PP物相情况等进行了研究.实验结果表明,2%含量的纳米二氧化硅聚丙烯纳米复合材料综合性能最佳,提高了PP的综合力学性能.在本文中对纳米SiO2改性PP的机理进行了初步探讨,利用X射线衍射图谱分析,结果表明纳米SiO2的加入对PP中β晶型的产生有诱导作用.     

KH-560修饰纳米SiO_2及其改性酚醛泡沫的制备和表征

采用Stober法水解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)制得的纳米SiO2并用硅烷偶联剂(KH-560)修饰纳米SiO2,并且以其作为改性剂制备改性酚醛树脂。研究了KH-560修饰纳米SiO2的接枝率,并用此接枝率不同含量的修饰纳米SiO2对酚醛树脂泡沫进行改性研究,测试了改性纳米SiO2对酚醛泡沫的韧性、机械强度和热稳定性还有阻燃性能的影响。实验结果表明:KH-560改性纳米SiO2具有很好的疏水性,在改性酚醛树脂中能够均匀的分散,不会发生沉降的现象,改性纳米SiO2质量分数为1.5%~2.0%时能够改善酚醛泡沫的机械强度和韧性,同时显著提高酚醛泡沫的热稳定性和阻燃性能。     

纳米改性氢氧化铝与包覆红磷协效阻燃PBT的研究

以纳米改性氢氧化铝(CG-ATH)与包覆红磷(RP)为无卤阻燃剂,研究其对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。首先探讨了包覆红磷的添加量对PBT阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,然后固定包覆红磷用量,考察纳米CG-ATH的添加量对PBT/RP复合体系的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,纳米CG-ATH和包覆红磷能协效阻燃PBT复合体系,在包覆红磷添加量为10phr,纳米CG-ATH为20 phr时,PBT复合材料的氧指数从21%提高到30%,达到V-0级;复合材料的拉伸强度为57.0 M Pa,冲击强度为3.03 kJ/m2,断裂伸长率为5.79%,表明该PBT复合体系具有优良的阻燃性能和力学性能。     

聚丙烯基纳米复合材料的物理性能

综述了聚丙烯(PP)基纳米复合材料的动态力学性能、结晶性能、阻燃性能、导电性能、分散性等物理性能的国内外研究进展。相对纯高分子材料或传统填充复合材料，聚丙烯纳米复合材料具有快的结晶速率、高的结晶温度和阻燃性能，纳米复合材料中聚丙烯结晶速率和结晶温度的提高归结于高表面积的纳米粒子存在强的异相成核作用，阻燃性能的提高归结于热稳定性提高和在少量填料时就可形成绝缘不燃炭层。     

PBS/SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其结构与性能分析

以聚丁二醇丁二酸酯（PBS）为基材,经-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂（KH570）改性过的纳米SiO2和未改性的SiO2为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了PBS/SiO2纳米复合材料。研究了所得纳米复合材料的热稳定性能、力学性能和降解性能等。结果表明：当经KH570表面改性的纳米SiO2（KH570与纳米SiO2的质量之比为1：5）的添加质量分数为4%时,复合材料的维卡软化点约提高了10℃,拉伸强度约提高30%,同时复合材料的降解性能比PBS纯料的降解性能有一定的提高。     

新型阻燃线性低密度聚乙烯材料的制备及其性能研究

针对目前阻燃聚乙烯材料使用过程中存在的阻燃性能不高以及耐水性差等问题,将一种双层包裹的聚磷酸铵(MCAPP)与三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)复配,结合紫外光交联的方法,制备新型无卤膨胀阻燃线性低密度聚乙烯复合材料(LLDPE)。利用傅里叶红外光谱、溶解度测试等对聚磷酸铵(APP)和MCAPP的结构和耐水性能进行表征。通过氧指数测试、热失重分析、扫描电镜等研究MCAPP与THEIC组成的膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)对LLDPE的阻燃性及热稳定性能的影响。结果表明:MCAPP被成功地制备,且相比未包裹的APP,MCAPP的水溶解性大幅降低,耐水性能提高。当质量分数为30%的IFR添加到LLDPE基体中,并经光强度为180W/m2的紫外光辐照交联后,此种新型LLDPE/MCAPP/THEIC阻燃体系具有比LLDPE/APP/THEIC体系更加优良的阻燃性能、耐水性能及热稳定性能。     

硅改性环氧树脂复合材料的研究进展

综述了纳米二氧化硅和有机硅等硅质材料改性环氧树脂复合材料的性能特征，论述了硅质材料的类型、用量和改性方法对复合材料力学性能、电性能、耐蚀性、热稳定性和阻燃性等的影响。讨论了表面化学修饰纳米二氧化硅和有机硅与环氧树脂的共聚方法以及材料微观结构对复合材料性能的影响和机理。硅质材料的分散性和含量是影响复合材料性能和微观结构的...     

PP-g-MAH对PP/SiO2纳米复合材料力学性能的影响

为了进一步提高聚丙烯的力学性能,以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为聚丙烯/二氧化硅(PP/SiO2)纳米复合材料的界面相容剂,研究了PP-g-MAH添加量对PP/SiO2的力学性能、微观形态以及结晶行为的影响,并研究了其增容机理.研究表明:PP-g-MAH的加入使纳米PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的力学性能得以全面提高,使纳米二氧化硅与聚丙烯的界面粘结得到改善,并且,由于PP-g-MAH导致复合材料的界面强度提高和界面层厚度增加,使KH-570与PP-g-MAH并用的PP/PP-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料比单用KH-570的PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的改性效果更加明显;PP-g-MAH对PP的结晶过程具有较明显的成核作用,使改性PP的结晶温度提高.     

废印刷电路板非金属粉负载二氧化硅杂化填料的制备及其在不饱和聚酯中的应用

为增强废印刷电路板非金属粉(WPCBP)与聚合物基体之间的界面结合作用,采用溶胶-凝胶法在WPCBP表面原位负载了一层纳米二氧化硅粒子(SiO2),制备了一种新型的WPCBP-SiO2杂化填料.SEM、TGA和FTIR证明SiO2通过化学键成功负载到了杂化填料的表面.采用含双键的界面改性剂对杂化填料进行改性后,应用于不饱和聚酯树脂基体,探讨了未改性杂化填料及表面改性杂化填料对不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能、界面结合作用和热稳定性能的影响.结果表明,新型的杂化填料WPCBP-SiO2能够与不饱和聚酯基体形成强的界面结合作用,显著提高不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能,且表面改性后复合材料的各项性能得到进一步提高.     

原位聚合制备阻燃PET/纳米SiO_2复合物及其性能研究

采用球磨分散法制得纳米二氧化硅/乙二醇分散液,再经原位聚合法制得阻燃PET/纳米SiO2复合物,研究了复合物的形态结构、特性粘数、阻燃性能及结晶性能。结果表明,采用球磨分散法可以将纳米二氧化硅均匀地分散于聚酯基体中;加入纳米SiO2对阻燃PET/纳米SiO2复合物特性粘数影响不大;与未加纳米SiO2阻燃聚酯相比,阻燃PET/纳米SiO2复合物的结晶性能和热稳定性能提高;极限氧指数变化不大。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from