基于模糊神经网络的彩色图像滤波方法

提出一种基于模糊神经网络的彩色图像滤波方法．该方法将滤波窗口内的像素矢量作为模糊神经网络的输入，根据像素间的矢量距离进行模糊化，通过模糊推理实现对各个像素加权求均值，得到中心像素的输出．输入的模糊化和模糊推理参数由神经网络的自学习功能自动调整，实现最优的滤波效果．对样本图像的处理结果表明，该滤波方法对不同类型的噪声均有较好的滤波效果。     

一种模糊核聚类的线性滤波多光谱图像增强算法

针对图像噪声过多以及模糊度过高所造成的多光谱图像视觉效果较差、图像细节难以分辨等问题,提出了一种模糊核聚类的线性滤波多光谱图像增强算法。该算法采用模糊核聚类的去噪方法,对分解图像得到的模糊系数进行了阈值处理,并引入去噪增益因子,可以有效地去除多光谱图像的噪声。在多光谱图像亮度增强上,采用了多向聚类亮度增强公式来将图像的模糊像素亮度提升至标准亮度,对图像边缘部分的亮度则采用边缘化增益方法来进行增强,最后采用线性滤波的方法来保护多光谱图像的结构张量,防止多光谱图像的结构信息发生扩散变化。实验结果表明,采用模糊核聚类的方法能够有效地去除多光谱图像噪声,在图像亮度增强上相比对比算法取得了较好的效果。     

基于模糊推理的彩色图像噪音消除算法

为有效消除彩色图像在采集和传输过程中出现的随机脉冲噪音,提出了一种基于模糊推理的矢量中值滤波算法。该算法通过设计的模糊规则判断当前滤波窗口对应是否为细节区域,采用不同参数的经典矢量中值滤波进行处理。若未被判断为噪音时,原滤波窗口中心像素会保留。通过与目前常见的各类矢量滤波算法进行比较,该算法在图像细节的保留上有较好效果。     

一种有效抑制噪音的模糊C均值图像分割算法

提出一种能够有效抑制噪音的模糊C均值聚类算法,通过构造基于灰度-中值的空间信息和塔形结构减少噪音对聚类中心的影响,塔形结构的引入缩短了运算时间,通过自适应地选取隶属度阈值避免人为设定阈值的不灵活性,在图像分割时用中值图像代替源图像消除噪声点。仿真实验表明,该方法更加适合处理受噪音污染的图像,分割结果更加精确。     

SAR speckle reduction by weighted filtering

The weighting filter is a new non-linear algorithm designed to reduce speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and is presented in this article. Intrinsic similarities between this and the well documented sigma filter allow a useful quantitative comparison to be made that helps appraise the new technique. Implications drawn from these results, in both the real and Fourier domains, suggest that the new weighting filter may be a useful alternative when considering speckle suppression.     

基于人工蜂群与模糊C均值的自适应小波变换的噪声图像分割

针对传统模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法在处理噪声图像时易受到噪声影响的问题,提出了基于FCM的小波域特征增强的噪声图像分割方法.首先,将噪声图像进行二维小波分解;其次,对近似系数进行边缘增强,同时利用人工蜂群(ABC)优化算法对细节系数进行阈值处理,并将处理后的系数进行小波重构;最后,对重构后的图片使用FCM算法来进行图...     

Noise filtering in binary pictures by combinatorial techniques

Filtering of noise in binary pictures includes both the filling of spurious gaps and the elimination of spurious connections. This paper describes a method which performs these operations by examining pairs of boundary points of the various objects in the picture. The current implementation uses only distance criteria, but it can be extended by taking into account local shape information.     

Multiscale fuzzy Kalman filtering

Measured data are usually contaminated with errors which sometimes mask their important features. Therefore, data filtering is needed for effective utilization of such measurements. For nonlinear systems which can be described by a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model, several fuzzy Kalman (FK) filtering algorithms have been developed to extend Kalman filtering to such systems. Also, multiscale representation of data is a powerful data analysis tool, which has been successfully used to solve several data filtering problems. In this paper, a multiscale fuzzy Kalman (MSFK) filtering algorithm, in which multiscale representation is utilized to improve the performance of fuzzy Kalman filtering, is developed. The idea is to apply FK filtering at multiple scales to combine the advantages of the FK filter with those of the low pass filters used in multiscale data representation. Starting with a fuzzy model in the time domain, a similar fuzzy model is derived at each scale using the scaled signal approximation of the data obtained by stationary wavelet transform (SWT). These multiscale fuzzy models are then used in FK filtering, and the FK filter with the least cross validation mean square error among all scales is selected as the optimum filter. Also, theoretically, it has been shown that applying FK filtering at a coarser scale than the time domain is equivalent to using a time-averaged FK filter. Finally, the performance of the developed MSFK filtering algorithm is illustrated through a simulated example.     

混合波原子和双边滤波的纹理图像滤波方法

为了更好地去除纹理图像中的噪声, 提出了一种新的混合波原子阈值的振荡纹理图像扩散模型; 利用扩散方程和图像滤波方法的理论联系, 给出了联合双边滤波的图像去噪算法; 最后, 利用峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似度(SSIM)两个客观图像质量评价指标, 与目前流行的图像去噪方法(包括波原子阈值、双边滤波、高斯尺度混合(GSM), 以及非局部滤波(NLM))进行比较。 实验结果验证了新方法的有效性。     

Decision-based fuzzy image restoration for noise reduction based on evidence theory

A novel decision-based fuzzy averaging (DFA) filter consisting of a D–S (Dempster–Shafer) noise detector and a two-pass noise filtering mechanism is presented in this paper. The proposed filter can effectively deal with impulsive noise, and a mix of Gaussian and impulsive noise. Bodies of evidence are extracted, and the basic belief assignment is developed using the simple support function, which avoids the counter-intuitive problem of Dempster’s combination rule. The combination belief value is the decision rule for the D–S noise detector. A fuzzy averaging method, where the weights are constructed using a predefined fuzzy set, is developed to achieve noise cancellation. A simple second-pass filter is employed to improve the final filtering performance. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the new DFA filter both in suppressing impulsive noise as well as a mix Gaussian and impulsive noise and in improving perceived image quality.     

Color image enhancement by fuzzy intensification

A Gaussian membership function to model image information in spatial domain has been proposed in this paper. We introduce a new contrast intensification operator, which involves a parameter t for enhancement of color images. By minimizing the fuzzy entropy of the image information, the parameter t is calculated globally. A visible improvement in the image quality for human contrast perception is observed, also demonstrated here by the reduction in ‘index of fuzziness’ and ‘entropy’ of the output image.     

Interactive image enhancement by fuzzy relaxation

In this paper,an interactive image enhancement(IIE)technique based on fuzzy relaxation is presented,which allows the user to select different intensity levels for enhancement and intermit the enhancement process according to his/her preference in applications.First,based on an analysis of the convergence of a fuzzy relaxation algorithm for image contrast enhancement,an improved version of this algorithm,which is called FuzzIIE Method 1,is suggested by deriving a relationship between the convergence regions and the parameters in the transformations defined in the algorithm.Then a method called FuzzIIE Method 2 is introduced by using a different fuzzy relaxation function,in which there is no need to re-select the parameter values for interactive image enhancement. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the enhancement capabilities of the proposed methods under different conditions.     

Noise reduction in synthetic aperture radar images using fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a self-illuminating imaging technique; it produces high resolution images in all weather conditions, day and night. SAR images are widely accepted and used by many application scientists. However, the SAR images are corrupted with speckle noise. Speckle noises are caused by random interference of electromagnetic signals scattered by the object surface within one resolution element. The amount of noise and distribution of noise corrupting the image is unpredictable. Conventional noise filters are quantitative in nature; they are not well suited for uncertainty problems. Fuzzy logic is capable of handling uncertainty. In this work, noisy pixels in the images are identified by using fuzzy rules and filtered using fuzzy weighted mean, keeping the healthy pixels unchanged. The optimum value of parameters used in defining fuzzy membership function is determined by using genetic algorithm (GA). Reducing noise and simultaneously preserving image details are the two most desirable characteristics of noise filters. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and edge preserving factor (EPF) are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed fuzzy filter. SAR images affected by varying amounts of speckle noise are used to evaluate the performance. It was observed that the proposed filter suppresses noise and preserves image edges.

     

一种实用的图像滤波算法

在分析经典中值滤波算法基础上,提出了一种实用的图像滤波算法,即图像加窗中值滤波算法.给出了其基本原理与实现过程,并与经典的邻域均值滤波器、中值滤波器、Butterworth低通滤波器、Wiener滤波器进行了滤波比较实验,分别从主观效果及客观参数计算两个方面验证了其优良的滤波性能.     

基于双隶属度模糊支持向量机的邮件过滤

针对邮件所含信息的模糊性和合法邮件与垃圾邮件错分代价的不对称性提出了基于双隶属度模糊支持向量机的邮件过滤方法,通过对每个样本赋予不同的双隶属度,得到最优分类器,提高了邮件过滤的正确率。经仿真实验证明,该方法能够有效降低将合法邮件误判为垃圾邮件,而且有很高的正确率等特点。     

一种新型的自适应模糊中值滤波算法

针对传统中值滤波算法不能很好地保护图像细节以及受严重噪声污染时性能急剧下降的情况,提出了一种新型的自适应模糊中值滤波算法。通过比较滤波窗口内像素点的灰度值与像素点灰度值的均值定义了模糊滤波系数,利用此模糊滤波系数对滤波方法进行加权,得到一种加权中值滤波器。通过对小窗口内的灰度值不等于最大灰度值和最小灰度值的像素点的检测自适应调整窗口大小,对超过设定的最大窗口的情况,噪声点的灰度值用四个相邻的已处理的像素点灰度值的均值进行替换。仿真结果表明,新算法具有较好的细节保护能力和较强的去除噪声能力。     

彩色图像迭代滤波算法

对于被脉冲噪声污染的彩色图像,基于噪声检测,提出了一系列迭代滤波算法。运用脉冲噪声检测器,估计出图像中的噪声像素,应用一系列后续滤波算法,只对检测出来的噪声像素进行滤波,而对非噪声像素（即信号像素）保持其值不变。传统的矢量滤波算法（矢量中值滤波、基本矢量方向滤波和方向距离滤波）加以改进后可作为后续的滤波算法。实验结果表明,这些新的滤波算法与传统滤波算法相比,在有效消除噪声的同时,更能够保留图像中的边缘和细节特征。     

自适应的有效非局部图像滤波

研究了基于预选择的非局部均值滤波方法,并指出已有方法在提取图像子块特征方面的不足,利用梯度域奇异值分解(SVD) 提出一种自适应的有效非局部滤波方法。该方法对基于预选择的非局部滤波方法的贡献主要有:1)是一种基于图像子块结构特征的鲁棒预选择方法;2)研究了相似集大小与滤波性能的关系;3)相似子块的自动选取;4)提出一种局部自适应的滤波参数选取方法,根据图像局部内容的不同确定滤波参数。此外,利用欧氏距离的对称性进一步提高运行速度。实验结果表明:本文方法滤波后的图像在主客观方面都优于原算法和其他快速方法,且运行速度较快,是一种有效的滤波方法。     

Size reduction by interpolation in fuzzy rule bases

Fuzzy control is at present still the most important area of real applications for fuzzy theory. It is a generalized form of expert control using fuzzy sets in the definition of vague/linguistic predicates, modeling a system by If...then rules. In the classical approaches it is necessary that observations on the actual state of the system partly match (fire) one or several rules in the model (fired rules), and the conclusion is calculated by the evaluation of the degrees of matching and the fired rules. Interpolation helps reduce the complexity as it allows rule bases with gaps. Various interpolation approaches are shown. It is proposed that dense rule bases should be reduced so that only the minimal necessary number of rules remain still containing the essential information in the original base, and all other rules are replaced by the interpolation algorithm that however can recover them with a certain accuracy prescribed before reduction. The interpolation method used for demonstration is the Lagrange method supplying the best fitting minimal degree polynomial. The paper concentrates on the reduction technique that is rather independent from the style of the interpolation model, but cannot be given in the form of a tractable algorithm. An example is shown to illustrate possible results and difficulties with the method.     

Contour detection improved by frequency domain filtering of gradient image

We propose an intermediate computational step,frequency domain filtering of gradient image,to improve contour detection performance of gradient-based edge detectors.This step is inspired by analyzing the spectrum distribution of object contours and texture edges in the frequency domain of gradient image.We illustrate the principle and efect of this step by adding it to the Canny edge detector.The resulting operator can selectively retain object contours and region boundaries,and meanwhile can dramatically reduce non-meaningful elements caused by textured background.We use several types of images to compare the proposed method and other related methods qualitatively and quantitatively.Experimental results show that the proposed method can efectively enhance the contour detection of Canny edge detector and achieves similar detection performance to two other related methods but runs faster.